• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between oral health impact profile, depression and quality of life among community-dwelling elderly persons in South Korea. Methods: The design of this research was cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants were 266 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older. Data were collected from November 20 to December 20, 2011. The measurements for assessing the subjects' oral health, depression, quality of life were OHIP-14, GDS-SF and QOL. Data were collected using self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The participants' mean age was 77.68, and 86.5% were female, 42.9% were living-alone elders. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis found that oral health impact profile was significantly associated with depression (r=-.622, p<.001), QOL (r=-.400, p<.001), number of disease (r=.298, p<.001), age (r=.198, p=.002), education (r=-.149, p=.015), eating habit (r=.185, p=.003). The QOL was explained 54.7% by depression (${\beta}$=-.619), oral health impact profile (${\beta}$=-.127), number of benefited welfare service (${\beta}$=.235), perceived health (${\beta}$=-.327), eating habit (${\beta}$=-.094) using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: These results indicate that the intervention program of oral health promotion for community-dwelling elders is needed from now on.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2000

As the percentage of the elderly in the population increases, research to identify the nutritional and health status of the elderly, to understand the factors influencing on them, and to delay aging have been done actively. It is necessary for these studies to be longitudinal. This study was carried out to assess the change of health-related habits such as dietary behaviors and smoking, alcohol drinking and exercising habit, and health status between previous study(1991/1994) and post study(1998) for middle-aged men and women living in Chonju. For the present study, the data of 63 pairs(23 men and 40 women) were analyzed. They were 11 men and 12 women followed up from 82 men and 100 women surveyed in 1994. Mean ages in the 1991/4 and 1998 studies were 53.6y(range 42-63y) and 59.0y(range 46-72y) respectively. The survey was conducted with interview using a questionnaire including dietary behaviors and health-related habits, and anthropometric measurement and blood test for analyzing biochemical indices in 1991/4 and 1998. To understand these changes over time, $\chi$$^2$-statistics, t-test and paired t-test were analyzed with an SAS package program. As people age, there were significantly decreases in the proportions to eat lightly salted foods and drink alcohol. Significant longitudinal increases in triceps skin fold thickness, ${\gamma}$-GPT and HDL-cholesterol and significant decrease in hemoglobin value were noted over time in both men and women. In addition a significant decrease in blood glucose level was noted over time in women. Weight, blood glucose and total cholesterol increased significantly with age in those had had breakfast regularly or those had not used more slat at the table in the past. From this study, were found out the subjects of this study had relatively desirable health-related habits. But as improper health-related habits are likely to result in inappropriate health status(eg, increase in WHR, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol), it is recommended that nutrition education in necessary as soon as possible to meet the health elderly.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.176-188
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• 2008

In this study, we compared demographic anthropometric characteristic, health-related lifestyle and diet behavior among weight control behaviors of 1187 (555 male, 632 female) aged $40{\sim}69yrs$ in Ganghwa country. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test, trend test, student t-test using SPSS 12.0 version at p < 0.05. 'Attempting weight control (loss)' was more in women than that was found in men (36.6% vs 20.7%), and women attempting weight loss most were 40-50 yrs. The reasons of weight loss were 'health problem' and 'health promotion'. Physical activity and diet restriction were commonly employed as weight control methods. Both genders attempting weight loss had a higher education level, BMI, percentage of body fat, waist circumference and physical activity than those not attempting weight control (p < 0.05). In dietary habits like 'meal regularity', 'slow eating' and 'over eating', women attempting weight loss were superior than those who not attempting weight control group (p < 0.05). Eating pattern changes like 'decrease of fats and fatty foods intake', 'vegetable oil usage', 'increase of fruit and vegetables intake', 'decrease of sugar and salt intake' showed significant differences (p < 0.001) between the attempted weight control groups and nonattempted weight control groups. Salt taste was a preference in male non-attempted weight control group, while sour, hot and spicy taste were preference in female attempted weight control group (p < 0.05). Preference for processed foods, fried foods and snack were significant differences (p < 0.05) in women attempted weight control group. Those attempting weight loss tried to improve their eating patterns. However, those attempting weight loss were poorer than the others in health-related lifestyle and eating habit. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort that improve healthrelated lifestyle and diet behavior in middle aged group.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.97-113
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• 1999

To investigate the actual condition of the adult-smoking in Chinan County. I used self-reporting questionnaires among 923 residents living in nine districts selected at random among the sites of eleven eup-myons from December 28. 1998 to January 6. 1999. collected data and analyized using SPSS. The smoking rate of adults in Chinan County was $36.9\%$. There was a significant difference in smoking rate according to the age. gender, education and job among general characteristics. The smoking rate in group of above 40s was about $40\%$ and that of the male took $55.5\%$ which was higher than that of female and the smoking rate of the people having high-school education was the highest$(46.2\%)$. With regard to the career. the smoking rate of the farmers ranked first$(46.1\%)$. Therefore anti-smoking business for smokers should be focused on above 40 years old, males. people having high school education and farmers. As the result of the survey of smoking habits of 340 people who smoke currently, the average smoking begining age was 21.8 and $81.5\%$ among them was between 16-25 years old. $4.4\%$ was under 15. during around the elementary school. Most motives to smoke were as followed; curiosity or taste$(33.6\%)$, relief of stress $(31.2\%)$, peer presure$(26.5\%)$ And considering the amount of the cigarette which is smoked per day, the case which is less than a pack of cigarettes was highest as $75.5\%$ and the people who smoke over one pack of cigarettes took $24.5\%$. As for the kind of tobacco which is smoked, how to smoke and the desire for the smoking, most case was toxin was moderate$(47.8\%)$ or mild$(46.9\%)$. shallowly$(49.0\%)$ or deeply$(46.3\%)$ and under stress$(33.4\%)$. after meals$(27.8\%)$, during drink$(15.7\%)$ and so on. The highest point marked among the factors of smoking motives was 'the reduce of negative emotion' $(3.27\pm1.00)$. followed by 'uncomfortable habits' $(2.87\pm1.02)$, 'addiction' $(2.84\pm1.06)$. 'habit' $(2.74\pm1.12)$. 'pleasure' $(2.70\pm1.04)$. 'stimulus' $(2.59\pm.90)$, 'sensation-exercise satisfaction' $(2.42\pm.97)$. Smokers smoke to reduce the negative emotions when angry in most common case. depressed. anxious. uncomfortable. lone. ashamed or embarrased. and intend to solve the certain problem. etc. Other motives are uncomfortable habit. addiction. habit. pleasure and the pursuit of stimulus. The level of nicotine dependence of adults m Chinan County was 10.57 which amount to 'high' wholly. As the resulf of the level of nicotine dependence score. the people who are low in the level of nicotine was $33.5\%$. the people who are high was $48.2\%$. very high was $18.4\%$. The approach for anti-smoking for smokers should be conducted differently according to the level of the nicotine. For the people who are in low level of nicotin dependence the prohibition of the smoking should be guided through the approach to foster strong will. for those who are in 'high' by acquiring proper method for the prohibition of smoking. and for those who are 'very high' the anti-smoking should be induced by providing proper program because of the possibility of the suffer from abstinence syndrome. The difference of the level of nicotine with the general characteristics of the objects had not statistically significant difference. The difference of the level of nicotine dependence accompanied by smoking habit had statistically significant difference according to the amount of smoke, the kind of tobacos. smoke inhale habit. In other words, the group of heavy smokers had higher level of the nicotine dependence than that of the light smokers relatively and the group which smoke strong taboaco has higher level of nicotine than that of which smoke mild or moderate. And the group of smokers who smoke deeply has higher level of nicotine than that who smoke shallowly or nonswallow. Aa a result of the analysis of the correlation between smoking motive factors and the level of nicotine, there was the indication that people who smoke for the decrease of the negative emotion. habit, pleasure. stimulus. sensation-exercise satisfaction had high level of the nicotine dependence. As the result of the anti-smoking will of smokers. $65.0\%$ of them had prohibition of smoking will. $29.3\%$ had no will to quit smoke. The most important reason for anti-smoking was health. $67.9\%$ had experience to try to quit smoke and the biggest reason to fail to quit smoking was the lack of the will power to keep anti-smoking. $52.8\%$ of them were advised to stop smoking from their spouses or children. only $2.8\%$ were by medical. The people who have the opinion to need anti-smoking education were $69.6\%$. Therefore when the business for the hygine of the mouth for adult is set. it should be centered on the people who have intention of prohibition of the smoking and help to quit smoking by way of other affirmative counter-program not smoking under stress.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2007

It is important for young adults to establish good dietary behavior for healthy life. The prevalence of obesity in college students has increased gradually. The obesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in S. Korea. Moreover, obesity is closely related with the disease such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate health practice, serum components and nutrient intake of the college students according to Body Mass Index (BMI) level. 400 male and female freshmen students in 4 year university located near to Seoul metropolitan area were surveyed respectively through the health check-up procedure for college entrance in February. Survey was carried out for them by questionnaires, including a 24-hour dietary recall and anthropometric measurements. Blood samples were obtained while fasting. Nutrient intake was expressed by DDS(Dietary Diversity Score by 5 food groups) and DVS(Dietary Variety Score). Nutrition level was analyzed by Can-Pro (Korea Nutrition Association). And for the quantity intake, percentage ratio against daily requirement(by KDRIs) and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) were calculated. Underweight group($BMI<18.5kg/m^2$), normal weight group($18.5) and overweight group($BMI<23.0 kg/m^2$) were 18.5%, 61.2% and 19.3% respectively. Nutrient intake levels and food intake status were not significantly different among three groups. The mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) was not significantly different by BMI status. Nutrient intakes of calcium, iron, and riboflavin were especially low for all the students. Overweight group showed high blood pressure(120.9/79.3 mmHg) compared with the underweight group (116.4/ 75.8mmHg) but the difference was not significant. The serum triglyceride level in overweight group (94,0mg%) was higher than that in normal (70.9mg%) or underweight group(70.8mg%)(p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol level in overweight (43.8 mg%) group was not significantly different from that in underweight group (45.9mg%). BMI was positively correlated with blood pressure, hemoglobin, and the intake of total fat and cholesterol. But it was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol level. With these results overweight group is closely related with the cardiovascular disease risks, such as high blood pressure and high triglycerides and cholesterol. Thus, a health intervention program including weight control is required for young adults.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2003

This study examined to find out the relationship between nutritional knowledge and food habit of the students majoring food & nutrition(218 students) and the students majoring Korean oriental medicine(286 students). The results of this study are as follows; 1)The intake of vegetable and dairy products is high for the students majoring food & nutrition(p＜0.01), and the intake of instant food is low for the students majoring Korean oriental medicine(p＜0.01). 2)In the value of diet, the ratio which acknowledges the importance of the relationship between the diet and the nutrients is high for the students majoring food & nutrition (p＜0.01), and the ratio which acknowledges the diet as the way to remove hunger or to enjoy eating is high for the students majoring Korean oriental medicine(p＜0.01). The ratio of the students who acknowledge taste, nutrition and preference as the important factors in selecting foods is high for the students majoring food & nutrition(p＜0.01). The ratio of regularity in each meal, consuming time, and the food quantity is high for the students majoring Korean oriental medicine(p＜0.01). 3)The total score of 20 inquiring items about nutritional knowledge is high for the students majoring food & nutrition(p<0.01), and especially the mark is high in such items inquiring the relationship between animal fat and nutrition(p<0.01), the relationship between water and obesity(p<0.05), the relationship between cholesterol and food(p<0.01), the recommended energy quantity(p<0.05), and the vitamin B group (P<0.01). According to this study, it is hard to determine that there is inevitable positive relationship between diet habits and nutritional knowledge. The students majoring food and nutrition know better than the students majoring Korean oriental medicine about the relationship between diet, health and nutrients however they can not practice what they blow when selecting foods. On the other hand the students majoring Korean oriental medicine show lower marks in food habits and nutritional knowledge than those of the students majoring food and nutrition; however, they show higher marks in practicing regular diet. According to this result it is necessary to increase the subjects related nutrition in the curriculum not only lot the students majoring food & nutrition to practice their nutritional knowledge in their actual life but also for the students majoring Korean oriental medicine to obtain correct nutritional knowledge and information.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 1998

서울지역 대학생들의 식생활 태도, 건강과 관련된 사항, 식습관 평가, 스트레스정도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대학생의 53.5%가 정상체중. 43.3%가 저체중으로 나타났다. 여학생은 저체중이 68.7%로 남학생 20.1% 보다 현저하게 높았다. 2. 대학생의 62%가 '하루 3회' 식사한다고 응답하였고 아침식사를 하는 대학생은 34.1%로 대부분의 대학생이 아침식사를 거르고 있었다. 식사시간은 대체로 불규칙한 것으로 조사되었다. 3. 일주일에 1-2회 이상 운동하는 남학생은 73.2%로 여학생 48.0%보다 높았다. 흡연을 하지 않는 여학생은 89.3%로 남학생 41.5% 보다 현저하게 높았다. 대학생의 84.4%가 자신의 체형에 만족하지 않는 것으로 나타났고 여학생은 현재의 체형보다 날씬해져야 한다는 응답이 80.0%로 남학생의 42.1%보다 높았다. 4. 대학생의 61.5%가 식품의 배합에 별로 관심이 없다고 응답하였고 녹황색채소를 거의 매일 섭취하는 여학생이 41.6%로 남학생의 32.3% 보다 높았고 과일의 섭취도 거의 매일 섭취하는 여학생이 45.3%로 남학생의 20.1%보다 높게 나타났다. 두부나 콩제품은 대학생의 55.6%가 '주 2회 이하' 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었으나 우유나 요구르트는 83.8%의 대학생이 '주 2-3회 이상' 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 대학생의 식습관은 보통 이하로 평가되었으며 여학생의 식습관이 남학생보다 바람직하였고 자택에서 통학하는 대학생이 하숙, 자취, 기숙사 또는 친척집에서 통학하는 대학생 보다 식습관이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 6. 대부분의 대학생(73.8%)이 스트레스를 많이 받는 것으로 나타났고 스트레스를 적게 받고 있는 대학생의 42.9%가 '주 5회 이상' 운동을 하고 스트레스가 매우 높은 대학생의 53.9%는 전혀 운동을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 식사시간에 따른 스트레스점수는 '불규칙' 3.11, '가끔 불규칙' 3.04, '일정한 시간' 2.66으로 식사시간이 일정할수록 스트레스 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 살펴보면 대학생 특히 여학생에 대한 올바른 식행동과 건강에 대한 교육이 요구되어진다. 또한 운동과 규칙적인 식사는 대학생의 스트레스를 낮추는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났으므로 적절한 운동과 규칙적인 식생활은 정신건강에도 도움을 주는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

서울시내 강북의 인문계 고등학생 354명을 대상으로 식생활 태도, 식습관 변화, 식습관 평가, 스트레스정도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 고등학생의 평균체중은 남녀 각각 62kg, 52kg, 평균신장은 173 cm, 162 cm로 조사되었다. 고등학생의 비만도를 판정한 결과‘정상체중’은 남학생 56.6%, 여학생 51.5%로 나타났고‘과체중’은 남학생 5.3%, 여학생 1.8%였으나 ‘저체중’은 남학생 37.0%, 여학생 46.7%로 높은 분포를 나타내고 있다. 2. 고등학생의 식사횟수, 편식여부는 성별에 따른 유의성(p<0.05)이 나타났다. 식사횟수는 65.0%가‘하루 3회’식사한다고 응답하였고 그중 남학생은 68.8%로 여학생의 60.0%보다 높았으며 여학생의 경우‘하루 2회’식사한다고 응답한 학생이 26.7%로 남학생 16.4%에 비해 월등히 높았다. 편식여부는‘편식한다’라고 응답한 여학생이 56.4%로 남학생 41.8%보다 높게 나타났다. 아침식사를 거르는 이유는 성별에 따른 유의성을 보였는데‘등교시간이 늦어서’는 여학생이 62.1%로 남학생 47.6%보다 높았고‘식욕이 없어서’는 남학생이 31.7%로 여학생 13.8%보다 높았다. 3. 최근 몇 년 사이 식습관 변화에 관한 조사에서 고등학생의 채소, 과일, 유제품의 섭취가 증가한 것으로 나타났고 그중 과일의 섭취증가가 가장 높게 나타났다. 4. 어머니가 직업이 없는 경우 고등학생의 식습관점수는 1.93으로. 직업이 있는 경우의 1.85보다 식습관이 좋았다. 고등학생의 영양지식점수는 여학생이 6.99로 남학생 6.50보다 높았으나 어머니의 직업유무에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 5. 고등학생의 성별에 따른 스트레스점수는 여학생(3.35)이 남학생(3.15)보다 높게 나타났다. 식사를‘천천히 한다’(3.03)고 응답한 고등학생의 스트레스점수가‘빠르게 한다’(3.41)고 응답한 고등학생보다 낮았고 ‘식욕이 좋을 때’의 스트레스점수(3.13)가‘식욕이 보통일때’(3.42)와‘식욕이 나쁠때’(3.43)보다 낮았다. 운동을‘주5회 이상’하는 학생의 스트레스점수가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 살펴보면 고등학생의 바람직한 식생활 태도와 적절한 운동은 스트레스를 낮추는데 도움을 주는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 초등학교 아동과 부모를 대상으로 학령기 아동의 비만에 영향을 미치는 부모관련 요인을 분석하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 4~6학년 학생 408명과 부모로 아동과 부모의 비만정도, 비만관련 특성, 식습관, 운동습관을 조사하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 $x^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA 및 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과 아동의 비만에 영향을 미치는 변수는 아버지 체질량지수 OR=1.265(95% CI: 1.133-1.412, p< .001), 어머니의 체질량지수 OR=1.214(95% CI: 1.077-1.368, p= .001), 아동의 식습관 OR=0.953(95% CI: .909- .998, p= .042), TV 시청시간 OR=1.385(95% CI: 1.113-1.725, p= .004), 경제상태 OR=0.132(95% CI: .026- .676, p= .015)로 나타났다. 아동의 비만은 부모의 유전적 요인, 식습관 및 생활 환경적인 요인이 복합적으로 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그러므로 아동의 비만관리를 위해서는 아동은 물론 가족의 동기부여와 프로그램의 적극적인 참여유도가 중요하다고 볼 수 있다.