• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2020

In this study, a pilot-scale (3 ㎥/day) membrane distillation (MD) process was operated to treat digestate produced from anaerobic digestion of livestock wastewater. In order to evaluate the performance and energy cost of MD process, it was compared with the pilot scale (10 ㎥/day) reverse osmosis (RO) process, expected competitive process, under same feed condition. As results, MD process shows stable permeate flux (average 10.1 L/㎡/hr) until 150 hours, whereas permeate flux of RO process was decreased from 5.3 to 1.5 L/㎡/hr within 24 hours. In the case of removal of COD, TN, and TP, MD process shows a high removal rate (98.7, 93.7, and 99% respectively) stably until 150 hours. However, in the case of RO process, removal rate was decreased from 91.6 to 69.5% in COD and from 93.7 to 76.0% in TP during 100 hours of operation. Removal rate of TN in RO process was fluctuated in the range of 34.5-62.9% (average 44.6%) during the operation. As a result of energy cost analysis, MD process using waste heat for heating the feed shows 18% lower cost compare with RO process. Thus, overall efficiency of the MD process is higher then that of the RO process in terms of permeate flux, removal rate of salts, and operating cost (in the case of using waste heat) in treating the anaerobic digestate of livestock wastewater.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1100-1108
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of waste cooking oil (WCO) addition on ammonia (NH₃) emissions during the composting of dairy cattle manure under two aeration conditions. Methods: The composting tests were conducted using the laboratory-scale composting apparatuses (14 L of inner volume). Three composting treatments (Control, WCO1.5, and WCO3, with WCO added at 0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 3 wt% of manure, respectively) were performed in two composting tests: aeration rate during composting was changed from 0.55 to 0.45 L/min in Test 1, and fixed at 0.3 L/min in Test 2, respectively. The NH₃ emitted and nitrogen losses during the composting were analyzed, and the effect of the addition of WCO on NH₃ emissions were evaluated. Results: Both tests indicated that the composting mixture temperature increased while the weight and water content decreased with increasing WCO content of the composting mixtures. On the other hand, the NH₃ emissions and nitrogen loss trends observed during composting in Tests 1 and 2 were different from each other. In Test 1, NH₃ emissions and nitrogen losses during composting increased with increasing WCO contents of the composting samples. Conversely, in Test 2, they decreased as the WCO contents of the samples increased. Conclusion: The WCO addition showed different effect on NH₃ emissions during composting under two aeration conditions: the increase in WCO addition ratio increased the emissions under the higher aeration rate in Test 1, and it decreased the emissions under the lower aeration rate in Test 2. To obtain reduction of NH₃ emissions by adding WCO with the addition ratio ≤3 wt% of the manure, aeration should be considered.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2017

본 연구는 축산지역 비점오염원 저감시설로서 바이오갈대와 바이오여재를 이용한 저영향개발(LID)공법이 적용된 처리수에 대한 생태독성 평가를 수행하였다. 식생수로와 인공습지를 이용한 유입식 파일럿 플랜트와 침투도랑을 이용한 회분식 파일럿 플랜트를 제작하여 축산폐수처리장 시료를 대상으로 생태독성 시험을 수행하였고 처리 전 후의 오염원 저감율과 생태독성도와의 연계성을 평가하였다. 각 파일럿 플랜트는 바이오갈대와 바이오여재를 이용한 바이오공정으로 제작하였으며 대조군으로 일반갈대와 일반여재를 이용한 일반공정을 제작하였다. 본 연구결과, 유입식과 회분식 파일럿 플랜트 모두 일반공정보다 바이오공정이 적용된 경우 유출수의 COD, TN 그리고 TP 저감 효율이 더 높았다. 또한 HRT 24시간 LID 공법을 적용 후 물벼룩 독성도는 상당히 낮아졌으며 특히 회분식 파일럿 플랜트가 독성저감에 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 바이오갈대와 바이오세라믹 등으로 구성된 LID 공법은 비점오염원 저감시설뿐만 아니라 가축분뇨 정화시설과 연계한 후속처리공정으로 생태독성을 고려한 수질관리에 효과적일 것으로 예상되며 향후 오염원과 독성도를 동시에 저감할 수 있도록 LID 공법 최적화 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.140-145
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• 1999

Livestock manure is generally beneficial to soil and crop production when appropriate amount is applied, but excessive application may be detrimental to soil and water environments. A proper protocol of livestock waste treatment is required to manage the quality of soil and water. A trickling filter system using rice straw media was employed to treat piggery wastewater from small-scaled livestock farms as an alternative to the currently available methods. Batches of piggery wastewater were treated with this system, and the byproducts of rice straw media and trickling filtrate were applied to the soil with cultivating rye (Secale cereale L.). Objective of this research was to characterize these byproducts for the sustainable soil amendments and rye production. Both the treated straw medium and filtrate were proven to be effective organic fertilizers for rye plant development, with the enhanced but balanced absorption of nutrients. The synergistic effects of filtrate in addition to straw application did not show, but the filtrate appeared to lead to a higher water content of the plant. No specific nutrient deficiency or toxicity symptom was shown due to the salts derived from the byproducts applied. Chemical parameters of the soil quality were significantly improved with the application of straw medium either with or without the filtrate. Judging from parameters relating to the salt accumulations, such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), potassium adsorption ratio (KAR), and residual P concentrations, the byproducts from piggery wastewater exhibited no detrimental effects on soil quality within the ranges of treatments used. In addition to the effectiveness of the rice straw trickling filter system for the small-scaled swine farms, both rice straw medium and filtrate could be recycled for the sustainable soil amendment and plant nutrition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1766-1772
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• 2008

Natto is a Japanese traditional soybean product fermented by Bacillus natto. The effect of natto supplement on the production and qualities of chicken meat was studied since the effective use of various waste foods is required in Japan. Dried natto prepared by heating at $60^{\circ}C$ was added to a basic diet at an amount of below 2%. The supplementation of dried natto did not influence the weights of the carcass, breast and thigh meat, fillet or abdominal fat. Growth of the thighbone such as the length, thickness of cortex bone, and Ca/P ratio in bone ash were not altered by the addition of natto. However, the pH of male meat decreased following the supplementation of dried natto from days 28 to 80. The water-soluble protein content in male thigh meat increased in the group fed 2% natto from days 28 to 80. Free peptides increased in male thigh meat by feeding 2% natto from days 0 to 80. The supplementation of natto increased free glutamic acid in thigh meat regardless of sex. Moreover, the supplementation of natto specifically decreased meat cholesterol in female chickens though the effect was not shown in male chickens.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1998

The dramatic increase in both swine and cattle production in Korea has presented problems related to protection of water resources. Animal wastes are a potentially valuable source of plant nutrients. Modern liquid waste management plans for a livestock housing need to focus on the slurry aeration and composting control methods and cost effective equipments. Recent developments in the animal manure liquid composting make it possible to improve the manure more easier to handle, reduce the odorous, labors and bedding materials, kill the weed seeds etc. However, there are some disadvantages, the aerator consumes much electrical power and initial cost is high. To solve these problems, this study is intended to develop a key points such as slurry aeration and dilution, liquid waste composting equipments.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1995

Most countries have problems regarding the quantity and quality of their fresh water resources, and many countries are suffering from the e(feces of pollution of their inland and coastal waters. Italy is one of the country in which water supply is extremely uneven, and there are wide areas where it represents a real emergencies during periods of drought. All the watershed's water resources, however, are subjected to considerable anthropogenic pressure such as organic load with heavy metals. The high values of organic materials are accounted for mainly by runoff and percolation waste water from urban and agricultural land extensively ma- nured with effluents (rom livestock farming, while high concentration of heavy metals are found in watersheds of national and interregional significance. More than 35% of the underground water bearing strata of certain basins are already contaminated by pollution boih industrial and agricultural pollutants. In these connection, the problems and new measures of water resources in Italy are overviewed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.215-218
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• 2002

전형적인 농촌지역 지하수의 질산성 질소 오염현상에 대하여 오염원 규명, 지하수 오염범위와 오염도 파악을 위하여 이 연구를 수행하였다. 연구지역은 대규모 축사가 곳곳에 위치한 축산단지 인근지역이며, 벼농사와 포도재배가 이루어지고 있다. 이 지역의 수리화학적 특성을 밝히기 위하여 지하수파 지표수 시료를 채취하여 화학분석을 수행한 결과, 1차 17지점, 2차 22지점에서 채취한 지하수 시료 중 32~42%에서 질산성 질소 성분이 음용수질 기준(10 mg/L)을 ,초과하였으며, 77%에 해당하는 지점이 인위적 오염물질의 유입가능성이 있는 것(3 mg/L 초과)으로 나타났다. 질소 동위원소($\delta$$^{15}$ N-NO$_3$) 분석 결과에 의하면, 질산성 질소 성분은 대부분 축산폐수 기원임이 밝혀졌다. 현재 축사가 운영되고 있는 지역 뿐 만이 아니라 폐축사가 위치한 지역에서도 질산성 질소 오염이 나타나 축사가 천부지하수질에 오랜 기간동안 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.698-701
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• 2000

To prevent surface and underground water pollution, wastewater treatment is essential. Four bench-scale activated sludge units (10 L operational volumes) were operated at 5, 10 and $20^{\circ}C$ for evaluation of treatment efficiencies with typical wastewater from swine housing. The units were set for a 24-hour cycle. As compared to the conventional process, high removal efficiencies for organic substances, nitrogen and phosphorus in swine wastewater were obtained simultaneously with an intermittent aeration process (lAP). The NOx-N produced during an aeration period was immediately reduced to nitrogen gas (e.g. $N_2$ or $N_2O$) in the subsequent non-aeration periods, and nitrification in aeration periods occurred smoothly. Under these conditions, phosphorus removal occurred with the release of phosphorus during the non-aeration periods followed by the excess uptake of phosphorus in the activated sludge during aeration periods. It was confirmed that the lAP had a better ability to remove pollutants under both low temperatures and high nitrogen loading conditions than the ordinary method did. In addition to that, the total emission of $N_2O$ from lAP was reduced to approximately 1/50 of the conventional process for the same loading. By adopting an adequate aeration programme for individual swine wastewater treatment, this system will provide a promising means for nitrogen and phosphorus control without pH control or addition of methanol.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2023

Rendering, is attracting attention as a technology that can stably and quickly process livestock carcasses. However, large amounts of livestock carcass solid residues are discharged in this process and limited methods are available for recycling them. In this study, rendered animal carcass solid residues were pyrolyzed to produce carbonized materials (350℃; RACR-C) and their chemical properties were investigated. Further, RACR-C were applied to cabbage cultivation for investigating their crop growth characteristics and soil improvement effects. RACR-C contained large amounts of fertilizer components such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and showed no toxic effects on the seedling growth of crops. The content of water-soluble nutrients released from RACR-C under the reaction time increased rapidly within 30 min, but was insignificant compared to the total content. Thus, most fertilizer components in RACR-C were not readily soluble in water. The optimal application amount for applying RACR-C to cabbage cultivation based on the changes in cabbage growth, inorganic content, and soil chemistry was 200 kg/10a. Overall, pyrolysis of solid residues after rendering livestock carcass to produce carbonized material as a soil improver is an effective method to recycle the waste discharged from the rendering process.