• 약학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2006

This study had been done for the investigation of the effect of Vitis vinifera extract(V), Schisandra chinensis extract (S), Taraxacum officinale extract (T), Gardenia jasminoides extract (G), Angelica acutiloba extract (A) and Paeonia japonica extract (P), and their mixtures on the antioxidant and ethanol oxidation system which was induced by Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups: ethanol diet (ED), normal diet (ND), ED+V (100 mg/kg/day), ED+S, ED+T, ED+G, ED+A and ED+P (300 mg/kg/day). We studied the effect on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) after herbal extracts administration for 6 weeks in rats induced by Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet. The differences in ADH and ALDH activity of the rats treated with herbal extracts and ED group were not significant. Phase I enzyme activity was found to be significantly higher in the ED+V than the ED group. Phase II enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, phenol sulfatransferase) activities were found to be higher in the herbal extracts than the ED group. Herbal extracts not only reduced ethanol-induced elevation of level malondialdehyde but also protected against ethanol-induced decrease of reduced glutathione, gluthione reducatse, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Therefore, they can be utilized as a health functional food or new drug candidate for fatty liver and hepatotoxicity which was induced by chronic alcohol consumption.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2021

We aimed to identify the biological factors during the voluntary waiting period (VWP) that are associated with subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Two hundred and one pregnant dairy cows had their body condition score (BCS) evaluated and blood samples taken 4 weeks before calving, at calving, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after calving, to measure serum metabolite and progesterone concentrations. In addition, any peri- and postpartum disorders within 4 weeks of calving, and the mean milk yields 4 and 8 weeks postpartum, were recorded. The cows were allocated to two groups according to whether they had become pregnant or not by 120 days after calving: a pregnant group (n = 50) and a non-pregnant group (n = 151). Analyses of serum metabolite concentrations showed that the aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase activities 2 weeks (p < 0.05) and the non-esterified fatty acid concentration 6 weeks (p < 0.01) postpartum were higher in the non-pregnant than in the pregnant group. However, the albumin concentrations between 2 and 8 weeks and the total cholesterol and magnesium concentrations between 4 and 8 weeks postpartum were lower in the non-pregnant group (p < 0.05). The BCS (p < 0.05) and percentages of cows that had resumed cyclicity (p < 0.001) by 6 and 8 weeks postpartum were higher in the pregnant than in the non-pregnant group, whereas the incidence of peri- and postpartum disorders was higher in the non-pregnant group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high serum enzyme activities, which imply liver damage, imbalances in energy metabolites and magnesium, and a higher incidence of peri- and postpartum disorders, are associated with poorer reproductive performance, whereas high BCS and early resumption of cyclicity during the VWP are associated with superior reproductive performance in dairy cows.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.566-571
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• 2019

Lymphoma is one of the most curable types of cancer. However, drug resistance is the main challenge faced in lymphoma treatment. Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation. Deregulation of ACOX1 has been linked to peroxisomal disorders and carcinogenesis in the liver. Currently, there is no information about the function of ACOX1 in lymphoma. In this study, we found that upregulation of ACOX1 promoted proliferation in lymphoma cells, while downregulation of ACOX1 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Additionally, overexpression of ACOX1 increased resistance to doxorubicin, while suppression of ACOX1 expression markedly potentiated doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, downregulation of ACOX1 promoted mitochondrial location of Bad, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and provoked apoptosis by activating caspase-9 and caspase-3 related apoptotic pathway. Overexpression of ACOX1 alleviated doxorubicin-induced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Importantly, downregulation of ACOX1 increased p73, but not p53, expression. p73 expression was critical for apoptosis induction induced by ACOX1 downregulation. Also, overexpression of ACOX1 significantly reduced stability of p73 protein thereby reducing p73 expression. Thus, our study indicated that suppression of ACOX1 could be a novel and effective approach for treatment of lymphoma.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.146-155
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• 2020

본 연구는 대사증후군을 예측하는 대리 표지자로서 감마 글루타밀 전이효소(gamma glutamyl transferase, GGT)의 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 20세 이상의 비만하지 않은 남성 7,155명을 연구대상자로 하였다. 대사증후군 진단기준은 NCEP-ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program - Third Adult Treatment Panel) 기준을 적용하였다. GGT에 따른 대사증후군 발병 위험도는 로지스틱 회귀분석을 적용하였으며, GGT의 대사증후군 위험 예측능력을 확인하기 위해 ROC (receiver operating characteristic) 곡선을 구하였다. 연령과 체질량지수와 무관하게 GGT 1사분위수보다 4사분위수에서 대사증후군 발병위험이 7.09배 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 대사증후군 진단을 위한 GGT의 곡선아래면적(area under the curve)은 0.715였으며, GGT의 절단값(cut-off value)은 40.0 U/L, 민감도는 65.0%, 특이도 70.2%로 나타났다. 따라서 GGT는 대사증후군을 진단하기 위한 유용한 진단 지표로 판단된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.606-624
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of Geumnyeonyijin-tang (GNYJT) water extracts with those of metformin (250 mg/kg) in mild diabetic-obese mice. Methods and Results: The 48 mice were divided into 1 normal pellet diet (NFD) group and 5 high-fat diet (HFD) groups. At the end of 12 weeks of oral administration of metformin (250 mg/kg) or GNYJT water extracts (400, 200, or100 mg/kg), the effects were evaluated. The HFD control mice showed noticeable increases in body weight, adipose tissue density, fat pad weight of the periovarian and abdominal wall, and insulin, blood glucose, and HbA1c levels, with decreases in serum HDL levels. Increases in the periovarian and dorsal abdominal fat pad, regions of steatohepatitis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatocyte hypertrophy were also discovered. The HFD group showed a decline in glucose levels and elevation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, suggesting an HFD-induced AMPK downregulation related to glucose dysregulation, as well as lipid metabolism related to obese insulin-resistant type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress related diabetic hepatopathy (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). Conclusion: Assessment of the key parameters for inhibition of diabetes and related complications in HFD-fed diabetic-obese mice demonstrated that GNYJT water extracts have favorable ameliorating effects. The effect of GNYJT was manifested through the stimulation of AMPK upregulation of related hepatic glucose enzyme activities and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Therefore, appropriate oral dosages of GNYJT could be promising as a new preventive candidate for controlling diabetes and related complications. Further screening of biologically active compounds, elucidation of detailed mechanisms, and more animal studies are warranted.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.91.1-91.15
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• 2020

Background: Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate compound present in cruciferous vegetables. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN have been reported, the precise mechanism related to the inflammatory genes is poorly understood. Objectives: This study examined the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN and the differential gene expression pattern in SFN treated ob/ob mice. Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) level was measured using a Griess assay. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA sequencing analysis was performed to evaluate the differential gene expression in the liver of ob/ob mice. Results: The SFN treatment significantly attenuated the iNOS and COX-2 expression levels and inhibited NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the expression levels of 28 genes related to inflammation were up-regulated (> 2-fold), and six genes were down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) in the control ob/ob mice compared to normal mice. In contrast, the gene expression levels were restored to the normal level by SFN. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed that chemokine ligand (Cxcl14, Ccl1, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl17) and chemokine receptor (Ccr3, Cxcr1, Ccr10) were located in close proximity and formed a "functional cluster" in the middle of the network. Conclusions: The overall results suggest that SFN has a potent anti-inflammatory effect by normalizing the expression levels of the genes related to inflammation that were perturbed in ob/ob mice.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1628-1634
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• 2022

Objective: This study focused on the effect of dietary metallo-protease and Bacillus velezensis CE 100 on growth performance, carcass parameters, intestinal microflora, footpad dermatitis (FPD), and manure odor in broiler chickens. Methods: One hundred-ten (two-day-old Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five groups with two replicate pens. The dietary treatments were divided to control, metallo-protease groups (A1, added with 0.1%; A2, added with 0.2%) and B. velezensis CE 100 groups (B1, added with 0.5%; B2, added with 1.0%). Results: The feed intake was decreased in A1 and B2 compared to the other group (p<0.05). The liver weight was lower in B2 than in A2 (p<0.05). The Salmonella in the cecum was decreased in A2 compared to control and A1 (p<0.05). However, the lactic acid bacteria were increased in all treatments (p<0.05). The litter moisture content was decreased in A2, B1, and B2 (p<0.05). The litter quality visual score was increased in all treatments (p<0.05). The FPD score and prevalence were reduced in all treatments (p<0.05). The (CH₃)₂S emission was decreased in all treatments (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicated that both additives improve litter quality and reduce the incidence of FPD. These findings suggest that dietary metallo-protease and B. velezensis CE 100 have the potential to improve the broiler chickens' welfare.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2024

Dried fruits of Amomum villosum Lour. have been used an korean medicine to treat digestive diseases for a long time. It has been reported that Amomum villosum extracts(AVE) have effects for diabetes and steatosis in experimental models. But we did not find the report about the cholesterol synthesis inhibition effects of AVE. The objective of this study is to clarify the inhibitory effect of AVE against oleic acid and glucose-induced hypercholesterolemia in HepG2 cells. The results show that AVE had a significant inhibitory effect against oleic acid and glucose-induced cholesterol accumulation. Those effects seem to be caused by inhibition of AVE on oleic acid and glucose-induced decrease of HMG CoA reductase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis in liver. It is believed that the results of this study can provide basic data for the drug and functional food development of hypercholesterolemia treatments.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

본 연구는 고지방 (열량의 37%를 지방으로 대체)을 급여한 마우스의 체중과 체내 지질함량에 미치는 보리순의 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 4주령의 ICR 마우스 (n = 32)를 1주일간 적응시킨 후 정상식이를 급여한 정상군, 고지방을 급여한 고지방대조군, 고지방-보리순분말군과 고지방-보리순열수추출물군으로 나누어 8주간 사육하였다. 보리순은 사람이 하루에 3잔의 차를 마시는 양을 고려하여 보리순 1%수준이 섭취되도록 분말과 열수추출물을 각각 식이에 첨가 조제하여 8주간 급여하였다. 식이섭취량은 보리순분말군이 고지방대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았으나 보리순열수추출물은 식이섭취량에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 보리순분말과 보리순열수추출물은 고지방식이로 유도된 비만마우스의 체중을 효과적으로 낮추었으며 특히, 내장지방무게의 대표적 지표인 부고환지방조직 무게를 유적으로 낮추었다. 이는 보리순이 식이섭취 억제에 의존적으로 체중감소 효과를 나타내지 않음을 제시한다. 혈장의 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 보리순분말과 열수추출물 급여시 고지방 대조군에 비해 각각 25%와 20%의 감소효과를 보였으며 중성지질 함량은 보리순분말군과 열수추출물군 모두 28%와 43%의 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 또한 보리순분말과 보리순열수추출물은 혈장 중의 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 비(HTR)를 고지방대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높였다. 간조직과 지방조직의 트리글리세리드 함량은 정상군에 비해 고지방대조군이 각각 1.3배, 1.2배의 증가를 보였으나 보리순분말과 열수추출물 급여시 모두 간조직과 지방조직의 트리글리세리드 함량이 정상군과 유사한 수준으로 개선되었다. 신장에서의 트리글리세리드 함량은 고지방식이로 증가하는 경향을 보였고 심장에서는 1.4배의 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으며, 보리순열수추출군에서만 유의적인 개선효과를 볼 수 있었다. 간조직과 신장의 콜레스테롤 함량은 실험군간에 차이가 없었으나, 심장 중의 콜레스테롤 함량은 고지방대조군이 정상군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 보리순열수추출물의 경우 심장의 콜레스테롤 함량을 유의적으로 낮추었다. 변중의 콜레스테롤 함량은 고지방 대조군이 정상군에 비하여 낮은 반면, 트리글리세리드 함량은 약 6배 높았다. 한편, 보리순말과 열수추출물 급여는 고지방 대조군에 비하여 변으로의 트리글리세리드 배설을 유의적으로 증가시켰으나 콜레스테롤 함량에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 간조직 중 FAS활성은 정상군에 비해 고지방대조군에서 1.7배 높아진 반면, ${\beta}$-oxidation은 유의적으로 낮았다. 보리순분말과 열수추출물은 지방산 합성효소의 활성을 정상군 수준으로 개선하였으나 지방산 산화에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 콜레스테롤 합성에 관련하는 HMG-CoA reductase와 ACAT 활성은 각각 정상군보다 고지방대조군에서 각각 2.1배, 1.5배씩 높았으나 보리순분말과 열수추출물 급여시 유의적으로 낮았다. 이와 같이 보리순분말과 열수추출물은 고지방 식이로 비만을 유도한 마우스의 간조직에서 지방산과 콜레스테롤 합성을 저해함으로써 지질개선에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2006

흡연은 체내에서 활성산소중(ROS)을 증가시키어 혈액내 지질과 지단백의 변화, 산화된 LDL에 의한 내피세포의 손상 등을 유발하므로 심혈관질환 발병의 주요 위험인자로 여겨지고 있으며, 과도한 DNA의 산화는 발암원인이 될 수도 있기 때문에 흡연으로 인한 산화적손상의 방어기전으로는 항산화 영양상태의 개선이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비흡연자 20명과 흡연자 19명을 대상으로 채소혼합음료를 8주간 매일 240 mL씩 보충 섭취시킨 후, 혈압과 항산화효소 활성도, 지질양상에 대한 개선효과를 관찰하였다. 채소혼합음료 섭취 후에 대상자의 수축기혈압은 흡연자 5.3 mmHg(5.8% 감소), 비흡연자 6.8 mmHg(7.5% 감소)로 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 이완기혈압은 흡연자에게서 3.9 mmHg(3.1% 감소) 감소하였다. 적혈구 내 항산화효소인 SOD활성은 채소혼합음료 섭취 후에 두 군 모두 증가하였으나, GSH-Px, catalase 활성은 두 군 모두 변화를 보이지 않았다. 혈장지질 양상은 채소혼합음료 섭취 후에 비흡연자의 혈장 TC, LDL-C이 감소하였고 흡연자에서는 혈장 TC수준이 감소하였다. 한편, 간 기능을 살펴본 결과, 채소혼합음료 섭취 후에 비흡연군에서는 GOT, GPT, 흡연군에서는 GPT가 각각 감소하였다. 본 연구에서 대상자에게 채소혼합음료를 섭취케 한 후 혈압, 항산화 효소, 혈장지질 양상 및 간 기능수치 등 여러 지표의 개선효과를 관찰할 수 있었는데 이로부터 하루에 240mL씩의 채소혼합음료의 섭취가 흡연자뿐만 아니라 비흡연자의 산화적손상과 관련된 질병을 예방하기 위한 건강에 유익한 방법 중 하나로 제시될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 앞으로는 새로이 개발된 건강기능식품의 생리효과를 검증하기 위한 실험을 수행하고자 할 경우, 정상인뿐 아니라 혈압, 지질양상 및 간 기능 등 각 항목의 고위험자를 대상으로 하는 연구도 광범위하게 수행되어야 하리라고 본다.