• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 1990

임신과 수유 기간 동안 alcohol의 섭취가 어미와 새끼 쥐의 간내 copper 유용에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 cthanol(0 혹은 30%의 Kcal)과 copper(0.75 혹은 3.75mg/l 식이) 함량에 차이를 둔 식이조성으로 alcohol과 copper의 상호작용을 규명하는 factorial experiment를 수행하였다. 어미 쥐의 열량 섭취와 체중은 식이들에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 식이내 copper양이 적을 경우 alcohal을 섭취하지 않은 실험군과 비교하여 alcohol을 섭취한 실험군인 어미 쥐의 간 copper농도가 더욱 감소됨으로써 alcohol과 copper의 상호작용을 보여주었다. 새끼 쥐에게서는 식이내 copper 수준에 관계 없이 어미쥐의 alchol 섭취가 간의 총coppernein의 copper 농도에 반영되었다. Metallothionein의 zinc 함량은 metallothionetin의 copper함량과 반비례적인 관계로 보여주었다. 이상의 결과로 임신과 수유기 동안 식이내 copper함량이 적을 경우 alchol 섭취는 어미와 새끼 모두에게 copper 결핍을 초래할 수 있다는 것을 시사해준다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.1022-1035
• /
• 2021

This study estimated the effect of exposure to propiconazole through implementation and residues in finishing pigs. We analyzed the expression of fibrosis-related genes and performed histological analysis of the blood, liver, kidney, muscle, ileum, and fat tissues. The animals were exposed for 28 d to different concentrations of propiconazole (0.09, 0.44, 0.88, 4.41, and 8.82 mg/kg bw/d). Quantitative, gene expression, and histological analyses in tissues were performed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, real-time PCR, and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Final body weight did not differ among groups. However, genes involved in fibrosis were significantly differentially regulated in response to propiconazole concentrations. Glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased compared with those in the control group, while alkaline phosphatase level was decreased (p<0.05) after exposure to propiconazole. The residue limits of propiconazole were increased in the finishing phase at 4.41 and 8.82 mg/kg bw/d. The liver, kidney, and ileum showed blue staining after propiconazole treatment, confirmed by Masson's trichrome staining. In conclusion, these findings suggest that propiconazole exposure disturbs the expression of fibrosis-related genes. This study on dietary propiconazole in pigs can provide a basis for determining maximum residue limits and a better understanding of metabolism in pigs and meat products.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권10호
• /
• pp.1695-1704
• /
• 2021

Objective: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of ergothioneine (ESH)-enriched mushroom extract on oxidative stability, volatile compounds, and sensory quality of emulsified sausage. Methods: The ESH content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) extract was determined through radical-scavenging activity of 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and hydroxyl radicals. Four different groups of emulsified sausage were manufactured: control, no antioxidants; BHA, 0.01% butylated hydroxyanisole; EEME, 0.8% ESH-enriched mushroom (F. velutipes) extract; AE, 0.012% authentic ESH, after storage for 14 days (at 4℃), the quality of sausage including oxidative stability (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyls content), volatile compounds and sensory quality were studied. Results: It was demonstrated that adding ESH-enriched F. velutipes extract to sausage could effectively prevent lipid and protein oxidation, and its efficacy was equivalent with 0.01% BHA. During meat processing, the ESH mainly contributed to the antioxidative activity of F. velutipes extract. The flavor and sensory attributes of emulsified sausage were improved through adding ESH-enriched F. velutipes extract. Conclusion: Accordingly, the extract of F. velutipes contained high-level of ESH and could be a good antioxidant candidate for processed meat production.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.342-352
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study analyzed the local exposure levels of radiation emitted from the equipment with soft X-ray ionizers to investigate the radiation exposure levels in Liquid Crystal Display(LCD) manufacturing processes. Methods: This study measured the local radiation levels for the equipment installed in two LCD manufacturing companies. The equipment were installed at diverse processes and equipped with various number of ionizers. The local radiation levels were measured on the surface of the equipment by using direct reading equipment, and the measurements were converted into annual effective dose by considering the radiation exposure time of workers. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the radiation exposure characteristics. Results: Annual effective doses for 97.6% of the equipment being measured were less than 1 mSv. However, the range of annual effective doses was 0.004 mSv ~ 2.167 mSv, which indicated a large variation among the equipment. Statistical analyses of the study found that this large variation was raised due to improper shielding of the equipment rather than process and/or equipment characteristics. To pinpoint the cause of this large variation in annual effective dose, this study improved the shielding of the equipment being radiated over 1 mSv and found that their average effective dose was reduced from 1.604 mSv to 0.126 mSv after shielding improvement. Conclusions: Relatively high exposure levels of radiation were observed in some equipment where their shielding were insufficiently thick and/or sealed. This finding implies that the shielding of the equipment is an important engineering countermeasure to control the radiation exposure levels in industries.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.502-511
• /
• 2021

In this study, the content of water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B₁ (thiamin), B₂ (riboflavin), B₃ (niacin), B₅ (pantothenic acid), B₆ (pyridoxine), B₇ (biotin), B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin), and C (ascorbic acid) in dishes containing meat and seafood consumed in Korea were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. All analyses were performed under strict quality control of vitamins B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₁₂, and C. The highest content of vitamin B₁ was observed in Bugeo-gangjeong (1.373 mg/100 g) and the highest level of vitamin B₂ (5.162 mg/100 g) was found in pig liver. Bugeo-gangjeong showed the highest content of vitamin B₃ (21.676 mg/100 g), and kkomak-muchim contained considerable amounts (43.310 mg/100 g) of vitamin B₅. Vitamin B₆ was not detected in most seafood dishes except for yangnyeom myeongran-jeot (0.274 mg/100 g) and was present at low levels or not present at all in meat dishes. The highest content of vitamin B₇ was 6.506 ㎍/100 g in saeu-jeon and kkomak-muchim showed the highest content (21.132 ㎍/100 g) of vitamin B₁₂. The highest content of vitamin C was in yangnyeom myeongran-jeot (84.508 mg/100 g). In addition, the analysis methods of each water-soluble vitamin were verified. These results showed that seafood-based ingredients in several dishes could be a good source of water-soluble vitamins.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2022

The electrical/thermal stabilities and magnetic field controllability of a no-insulation (NI) high-temperature superconducting magnet are characterized by contact resistance between turn-to-turn layers, and the contact resistance characteristics are determined by properties of conductor surface and winding tension. In order to accurately predict the electromagnetic characteristics of the NI coil in a design stage, it is necessary to control the contact resistance characteristics within the design target parameters. In this paper, the contact resistance and critical current characteristics of a rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) conductor were measured to analyze the effects of surface treatment conditions (roughness and oxidation level) of the copper stabilizer layer in REBCO conductor. The test samples with different surface roughness and oxidation levels were fabricated and conductor surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscope, alpha step surface profiler and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Moreover, the contact resistance and critical current characteristics of the samples were measured using the four-terminal method in a liquid nitrogen impregnated cooling environment. Compared with as-received REBCO conductor sample, the contact resistance values of the REBCO conductors, which were post-treated by the scratch and oxidation of the surface of the copper stabilizer layer, tended to increase, and the critical current values were decreased under certain roughness and oxidation conditions.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2023

Previously, we showed that a chronic-low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure resulted in histological changes with sexually dimorphic pattern in rat adrenal glands. We hypothesized that such structural changes are closely related to the hormonal secretory patterns. To test this hypothesis, we developed the short-term adrenal incubation method, and measured the levels of catecholamines and cortical steroids using the high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The norepinephrine (NE) levels in media from NP-treated female adrenal, except 100 pM NP, were significantly increased [control (CTL) vs 1 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.01]. The NE secretion from male adrenal was higher when treated with 100 nM and 1 µM NP (CTL vs 100 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.05, respectively). The aldosterone level in the female adrenal media treated with 100 pM NP was significantly decreased, on the other hand, that of media treated with 10 nM NP was significantly increased (CTL vs 100 pM NP, p<0.05; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.01). In male adrenal media, the aldosterone levels of 10 nM, 100 nM and 1 µM NP-treated media were significantly declined (CTL vs 10 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.001). These results showed the NP treatment altered secretory pattern of aldosterone from adrenals of both sexes, showing sexual dimorphism. It may be helpful for understanding possible adrenal pathophysiology, and endocrine disrupting chemicals-related sexually dimorphic phenomena in adrenals.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2003

Principles of a novel pulse growing method are described. The method realized in the crystal growing on a seed from melts under raw melt feeding provided a more reliable control of the crystallization process when producing large alkali halide crystals. The slow natural convection of the melt in the crucible at a constant melt level is intensified by rotating the crucible, while the crystal rotation favors a more symmetrical distribution of thermal stresses over the crystal cross-section. Optimum rotation parameters for the crucible and crystal have been determined. The spatial position oi the solid/liquid phase interface relatively to the melt surface, heaters and the crucible elements are considered. Basing on that consideration, a novel criterion is stated, that is, the immersion extent of the crystallization front (CF) convex toward the melt. When the crystal grows at a <> CF immersion, the raised CF may tear off from the melt partially or completely due to its weight. This results in avoid formation in the crystal. Experimental data on the radial crystal growth speed are discussed. This speed defines the formation of a gas phase layer at the crystal surface. The layer thickness il a function of time a temperature at specific values of pressure in the furnace and the free melt surface dimensions in the gap between the crystal and crucible wall. Analytical expressions have been derived for the impurity component mass transfer at the steady-state growth stage describing two independent processes, the impurity mass transfer along the <> path and its transit along the <> one. The heater (and thus the melt) temperature variation is inherent in any control system. It has been shown that when random temperature changes occur causing its lowering at a rate exceeding $0.5^{\circ}C/min$, a kind of the CF decoration by foreign impurities or by gas bubbles takes place. Short-term temperature changes at one heater or both result in local (i.e., at the front) redistribution of the preset axial growth speed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2018

Objective: To examine the effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R. sphaeroides) supplementation as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) on rumen fermentation in dairy cows and on coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) transition into milk, an in vitro rumen simulation batch culture and an in vivo dairy cow experiment were conducted. Methods: The characteristics of in vitro ruminal fermentation were investigated using rumen fluids from six cannulated Holstein dairy cows at 2 h post-afternoon feeding. A control treatment was included in the experiments based on a typified total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows, which was identical to the one used in the in vivo study, plus R. sphaeroides at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% TMR dry matter. The in vivo study employed six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows randomly allotted to either the control TMR (C-TMR) treatment or to a diet supplemented with a 0.5% R. sphaeroides culture (S-TMR, dry matter basis) ad libitum. The presence of R. sphaeroides was verified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) applied to the bacterial samples obtained from the in vivo study. The concentration of CoQ10 in milk and in the supernatant from the in vitro study was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results of the in vitro batch culture and DGGE showed that the concentration of CoQ10 significantly increased after 2 h of R. sphaeroides supplementation above 0.1%. When supplemented to the diet of lactating cows at the level of 0.5%, R. sphaeroides did not present any adverse effect on dry matter intake and milk yield. However, the concentration of CoQ10 in milk dramatically increased, with treated cows producing 70.9% more CoQ10 than control cows. Conclusion: The CoQ10 concentration in milk increased via the use of a novel DFM, and R. sphaeroides might be used for producing value-added milk and dairy products in the future.

• 한국가정과학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2006

전북지역의 약과 제조법을 조사하기 위하여 9개 지역(전주, 임실, 장수, 정읍, 남원(사매면, 덕과면), 완주, 고창, 익산)의 약과 제조자를 대상으로 면담조사를 실시하여 재료와 분량 및 만드는 방법을 조사하였다. 또한 전북지역에서 제조되는 약과와 대조군을 비교하기 위해 경도측정과 관능평가를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전북의 9개 지역에서 조사된 약과의 공통된 재료에는 밀가루, 참기름 또는 식용유, 꿀 또는 설탕, 생강즙, 술등이었으며, 밀가루 1kg에 대해 기름의 양은 1/2컵-l컵이었고, 꿀이나 설탕은 1컵-3컵이었으며, 생강즙은 1/2-l컵이었고, 술은 1/2컵-l컵이었다. 만드는 방법에서 임실과 전주를 제외한 지역에서는 밀가루에 참기름을 섞어 체에 내린 후 나머지 재료들을 넣어 반죽하였고, 임실지역과 전주지역에서는 액체재료를 먼저 섞은 다음 밀가루와 함께 섞어 손쉽게 반죽하였다. 2. 약과의 경도측정의 결과는 익산약과가 가장 크게 나타났고, 임실, 대조군, 정읍 약과순으로 나타났으며 전주의 경도가 낮았다. 또한 각 약과별로 사용한 즙청의 종류가 달랐음에도 불구하고 즙청 전과 즙청 후의 경도는 동일한 순서로 나타나서 즙청 종류보다는 약과재료의 조성이 약과의 경도에 더 큰 영향을 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 약과의 관능평가 결과에서 표면색은 익산약과가 가장 높게 나왔고 윤기는 임실과 대조군이, 터진 정도, 부드러운 맛, 단맛, 기름 맛에서는 전주약과가 가장 높게 나왔다. 전체적인 선호도는 유의적이지는 않았지만 전주약과가 높은 결과를 보였다.