• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.713-728
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• 2002

This study was performed to see effects of whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intakes on lipid metabolism during aging in old Sprague-Dawely male rats. One hundred twenty rats of 13 months old Sprague-Dawely were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for 3, 5 or 7 months with diets containing 2% (w/w) dried powders of three different pars of grape and 0.02% (w/w) CdCl₂. Body weights of Cd groups were lower than Cd free groups. Kidney and spleen weights were incre ased with age, and EEP weights of Cd groups were lower than those of Cd free groups. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration in plasma increased with age. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake lowered plasma total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, and especially grape pomace lowered them markedly. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake decreased liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and increased fecal lipid excretion. Grape diets decreased and Cd administration increased TBARS concentration in LDL fraction. In conclusion, grape diets were effective in decreasing lipid levels of liver and plasma, TBARS in LDL, and in increasing HDL cholesterol. The grape pomace was most effective among three grape parts. It is plausible that grape might be recommended for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease and delaying aging. (Korean J Nutrition 35 (7): 713∼728, 2002)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.453-459
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary crab shell powder on lipid metabolism in diet induced hyperlippidemic rats. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and fed 20% (w/w) carb shell powder supplemented diet for 4 weeks. Energy intake and weight gain were lower in experimental group than in control group. Concentrations of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased and concentration of HDL-cholesterol was increased by crab shell powder supplementation. Concentrations of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in experimental group. The crab shell decreased triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in plasma and liver, and increased bile acid excretion in feces. Therefore, the crab shell powder is assumed to exhibit function of chitin or chitosan that effects on lipid metabolism and cholesterol reabsorption.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.766-771
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• 2005

We evaluated the effects of newly developed functional food containing Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD as the main material on the lipid and antioxidant metabolisms of hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty male SD rats were divided into three groups after a 1-week adaptation period and were fed with a high fat-cholesterol diet (control), or with a high fat-cholesterol diet supplemented with low or high doses ($3.1\;{\times}\;10^6\;cfu/day$ or $3.1\;{\times}\;10^8\;cfu/day$) of B. polyfermenticus SCD and other physiological active materials for 6 weeks. Both doses of B. polyfermenticus SCD significantly reduced hepatic total cholesterol and triglycerides, while increasing the fecal excretion rates of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglycerides. B. polyfermenticus SCD increased the total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP). The erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase activity in the B. polyfermenticus groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Plasma TRAP levels exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with hepatic total cholesterol while a significant positive correlation was detected between fecal total cholesterol and plasma TRAP. This hypolipidemic and antioxidative effect of B. polyfermenticus SCD seemed to be unrelated to its dosage. These results suggest that functional food containing B. polyfermenticus SCD can improve oxidative stress and hepatic lipid profiles by enhancing the excretion of cholesterol and triglycerides in feces of rats fed with high fat-high cholesterol diet.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.395-407
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• 1996

A feeding experiment for 160 days was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) on the apparent digestibility, ammonia excretion and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Seven diets containing $0\~70\%$ SBM were formulated based on iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric basis of $44\%$ crude protein and approximately 4,200 Kcal/kg of gross energy. To evaluate the nutritional utilization of the SBM diets at the end of 60 and 120-day rearing with test diets, digestion rates of protein and lipid of SBM diets were measured. Fish fed the diets containing above $46\%$ SBM showed higher apparent digestibility for protein, but lower for lipid than did fish fed the control diet in both trials. Protein and fat contents in the carcass were similar for all experimental fish, except for fish fed $58\%$ and $70\%$ SBM which showed lower fat content than the others, but composition of fatty acid and amino acids were not affected by dietary SBM levels. Gill and urinary post-prandial ammonia ($NH_3-N$) excretions were measured at 12 and 24 hours after single feeding of the experimental diets. Excretions of $NH_3-N$ measured after 24 hours were almost 1 times higher than those measured after 12 hours. Total excretion fer the 24 hours by fish fed $70\%$ SBM was $15\%$ higher than that of fish fed the control diet. Results of present study may suggest that the rainbow trout which were fed above $34%\;or\;46\%$ of SBM diet showed a decrease gradually in lipid bioavailability compared to the control group.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.362-366
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• 2008

Anti-lipogenic effects of tannic acid on 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as on rats fed high fat diet (HFD) were investigated. Tannic acid stimulated lipolysis through suppression of the leptin secretion and an increase of glycerol release in a dose dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. For animal study, the rats were fed either HFD or HFD supplemented with 1%(w/w) tannic acid (HFDT) for 12 weeks, respectively. Body weight gain, liver weight, and visceral fat mass in rats fed HFDT were significantly decreased compared to those of rats fed HFD. The lipid profiles of HFDT group were significantly decreased compared with HFD group in the serum and liver, whereas fecal total cholesterol excretion was increased in HFDT group. These results suggest that anti-lipogenic effect of tannic acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in rats fed HFD may be due to the stimulation of lipolysis and the reduction of lipid levels.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2005

Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a glycopeptide of 64 amino acid residues derived from the C-terminal of mammalian milk K-casein. Recently, human CMP (hCMP) was produced from the recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, the antiobesity activity of the recombinant hCMP (rhCMP) was investigated in vivo using Sprague-Dawley rats. The rhCMP did not affect the rats fed with a normal fat diet (fat content, $5.0\%$), but decreased the body weight gain of the rats fed with a high fat diet (fat content, $20\%$) by up to $19\%$. Autopsies revealed that the weights of the liver, kidney and adipose tissues decreased when the rats were given the rhCMP, which also reduced the lipid concentrations in the plasma and liver, but enhanced the fecal excretion of lipids. These results suggest that rhCMP prevent the accumulation of lipid by stimulating its fecal excretion, so could be used as a food supplement to alleviate the obesity problem caused by a high fat diet.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.562-569
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of porphyran and insoluble dietary fiber isolated from laver in rats fed high fat diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate and 12% lard. Rats were fed, ad libitum, diets containing 5% diet fiber as cellulose(normal control or high fat control), porphyran or insoluble dietary fiber for 4 weeks. Among the groups fed high fat diet, liver weight was significantly lower in high fat porphyran group than high fat control. Plasma GOT, GPT, total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, LDL-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol concentration were significantly lower in high fat porphyran group than high fat control. The feeding of porphyran significantly increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion. The feeding of insoluble dietary fiber had no significant effect on either plasma or liver cholesterol levels, although fecal cholesterol level in the insoluble dietary fiber group was significantly higher than that in the high fat control. The results indicate that porphyran isolated from the laver may exert their hypocholesterolemic effect by increasing excretion of fecal bile acid and cholesterol.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

Male rats of 2 months-old(young), 6 months-old(adult) and 30 months-old(old)were fed 8 or 16 weeks to investigate the e(feats of dietary fat level on the lipid metabolism in the different stages of aging. The response of 30 month old rats to dietary fat level differed from either 2 or 6-months old rats. In 30-months old rats, dietary fat level had a little effect on weight gains, lipid content of serum as compared with other two age groups. Young rats showed higher body weight gain, F.S.R, and PER compared with aged rat. The younger and the more high fat fed the rats were, the more body weight gains, FER and PER showed. Weight of liver and kidney was increased in aged rats but ratio per unit weight of liver and kidney was not affected by age. Serum lipid content was higher in aged rat compared with the young and liver lipid content was higher in high fat diet fed rats. But TG of liver and serum was not changed with aging process. Intake, excretion and absorption of lipid was not changed by age of animals. but absorption was decreased as experimental period was increased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 1992

Both hydrolysed guar gum and polydextrose have been used as a major fiber source in preparations of unctional drink products and other food products. In this study we determined the effects of these fibers on lipid metabolism of normal rats with two different dietary fat levels by using cellulose as the control. Serum total lipid triglyceride total cholesterol and HDL-colesterol were determined with proper enzymatic methods. Feed intake weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were also calcula-ted. Polydextrose-fed group showed lower serum triglyceride level than hydrolysed guar gum-fed group regardless of fat level used in this study without changing total lipid level in the serum. We also observed that polydextrose-fed group showed low serum cholesterol level nummerically high serum HDL-cholestrol level and more excretion of fecal neutral sterols when compare with those values of hydrolysed guar gum-fed group. The results indicate that polydextrose might have more beneficial roles in lipid metabolism when compare with hydrolysed guar gum.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.204-210
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate effects of Chiarella vulgaris on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. Sixty 6-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; normal diet group and high fat diet group, then the rats in each group were further divided into three subgroups and fed 0%, 5% and 10% (w/w) chlorella-containing diets, respectively, and raised for 9 weeks, Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. Serum total lipids and liver TG concentration were significantly lower in 5% and 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella group in high fat diet groups (p<0.05). Serum TG, serum total cholesterol, liver total lipid and liver total cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella group in high fat diet groups (p<0.05). Fecal total lipid, TG and total cholesterol excretions were significantly higher in 5% and 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella groups in normal diet and high fat diet groups, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggest that Chlorella vulgaris is effective for prevention of dyslipidemia which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and increased fecal excretion of lipid.