• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.662-667
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• 2022

Semantic role labeling task(SRL) is to extract predicate and arguments such as agent, patient, place, time. In the previously SRL task studies, a pipeline method extracting linguistic features of sentence has been proposed, but in this method, errors of each extraction work in the pipeline affect semantic role labeling performance. Therefore, methods using End-to-End neural network model have recently been proposed. In this paper, we propose a neural network model using the Biaffine Average Attention model for SRL task. The proposed model consists of a structure that can focus on the entire sentence information regardless of the distance between the predicate in the sentence and the arguments, instead of LSTM model that uses the surrounding information for prediction of a specific token proposed in the previous studies. For evaluation, we used F1 scores to compare two models based BERT model that proposed in existing studies using F1 scores, and found that 76.21% performance was higher than comparison models.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.637-646
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• 2022

In this paper the comparative study on the pronunciation of Vietnamese learners and Koreans for the Korean syllable final double consonants was performed. For many errors and the suggested teaching methods related to the pronunciation of the Korean syllable final double consonants that were investigated and analyzed through linguistic research the results of this study by using the analysis tools of speech signal processing were confirmed. Thus, we suggest the new educational method in this paper. Using SVM, which is widely used in machine learning of artificial intelligence the pronunciation of Vietnamese learners and that of Koreans were compared. Being able to obtain the decision hyperplane of the SVM means that Vietnamese learners' pronunciation of the Korean syllable final double consonants is quite different from that of Koreans. Otherwise their pronunciation are pretty similar each other. The new teaching method presented in this paper is not only composed of writing and listening but is included things such as the speech signal waveform in the time domain and its corresponding energy that can be visualized to the learners.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.695-721
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide the case study of expression education using story-telling about their cultures from which they came to the women who get interracial married and study korean cultures with the pride of their homeland. This research is also for the diverse members of korean society to deeply understand interracial married women, get higher understanding cultural diversities. And it is expected that these women could learn and study more korean cultures, too. In this study, process-based instruction method is used in the first step and second step such as brainstorming, questioning, discussing, investigating, teacher's asking in order to create some ideas about their home countries. Suggesting an example answer by teacher and free-writing are also involved. As the core of the process-based writing activity, the second step is focused on revising and correcting. Through reviewing their own writing task, feedback from teacher, interviewing from the difficulty of writing after this activity to cultural and linguistic backgrounds, they could appreciate their errors or mistakes in writing are natural and this affects their learning abilities positively. In third step which is focused on speaking activities, teacher provides feedback to learners after checking their common errors or habits in speaking. Meanwhile, by evaluating the role of the appraiser, It is helpful for the learners to have self-esteem of their own. When interviewing after fourth step's activities, the teacher compliments each learner's improvement while pointing out some errors. Afterward, We can see they show more positiveness to learn and understand korean cultures and set their identities. And they indicate interests and concerns each other's cultures by story-telling. It means they identify the popularity and interaction which the story-telling contains. Also, they confirm the participation in story-telling by expressing their willingness to revise their stories. After the activities in fifth step, there have been relatively positive changes in establishing identity and cultivating a sense of pride of learner's homeland cultures. Furthermore, we could find the strong will to be a story-teller about their homeland cultures. On this research, the effectiveness of expression education case study using story-telling about local cultures of interracial married women's homeland has been examined centrally focused on popularity, interaction, and participation. Afterward, interracial married women could not only cultivate the understanding about korean cultures but also establish their identity, improve their korean language skills through this education case study. Finally, the studies of the education programs to train interracial married women as story-tellers for their homeland local cultures are expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.86-101
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on the importance of accurate scientific communication and the current status of popular astronomy based on science articles that occurred during the so-called Super Blue Moon astronomical phenomenon in August 2023. To this end, the subjects were divided into non-experts, quasi-experts, and experts based on the degree of knowledge of the astronomical universe to investigate the data interpretation ability of astronomical science information and to analyze the causes of errors in the interpretation process through in-depth interviews. We also investigated the favorability and reliability of research institutes that strive to provide scientific information and the media that strive to spread it and also investigated the changes in existing favorability and reliability when incorrect scientific information spreads, as in this case. Although there were differences in the interpretation of scientific information about the astronomical universe depending on the cognitive aspect, the influence of linguistic elements or literacy, which could be called communication, could not be ignored. In particular, it was confirmed that misconceptions inherent in the existing research subjects could be expressed, leading to errors in accurate information interpretation. In addition, after recognizing that errors were included in the spread of scientific information, the subjects' favorability toward research institutes and the media fell 12.30% and 17.58%, respectively, while reliability fell 19.40% for research institutes and 24.49% for media outlets. Regardless of the cause of the error, the importance of providing accurate scientific information is further emphasized, considering that the overall favorability and reliability of both research institutes and the media decline. In order for research institutes and media outlets to spread accurate scientific information about the astronomical universe based on the public's trust, it is necessary to establish a system that can accurately deliver error-free information generated by research institutes related to astronomical space to media or science communicators and to develop a system that quickly retrieves and corrects incorrect scientific information through continuous monitoring.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2015

Object-oriented programming languages have been widely selected for developing modern information systems. The use of concepts relating to object-oriented (OO, in short) programming has reduced efforts of reusing pre-existing codes, and the OO concepts have been proved to be a useful in interpreting system requirements. In line with this, we have witnessed that a modern conceptual modeling approach supports features of object-oriented programming. Unified Modeling Language or UML becomes one of de-facto standards for information system designers since the language provides a set of visual diagrams, comprehensive frameworks and flexible expressions. In a modeling process, UML users need to consider relationships between classes. Based on an explicit and clear representation of classes, the conceptual model from UML garners necessarily attributes and methods for guiding software engineers. Especially, identifying an association between a class of part and a class of whole is included in the standard grammar of UML. The representation of part-whole relationship is natural in a real world domain since many physical objects are perceived as part-whole relationship. In addition, even abstract concepts such as roles are easily identified by part-whole perception. It seems that a representation of part-whole in UML is reasonable and useful. However, it should be admitted that the use of UML is limited due to the lack of practical guidelines on how to identify a part-whole relationship and how to classify it into an aggregate- or a composite-association. Research efforts on developing the procedure knowledge is meaningful and timely in that misleading perception to part-whole relationship is hard to be filtered out in an initial conceptual modeling thus resulting in deterioration of system usability. The current method on identifying and classifying part-whole relationships is mainly counting on linguistic expression. This simple approach is rooted in the idea that a phrase of representing has-a constructs a par-whole perception between objects. If the relationship is strong, the association is classified as a composite association of part-whole relationship. In other cases, the relationship is an aggregate association. Admittedly, linguistic expressions contain clues for part-whole relationships; therefore, the approach is reasonable and cost-effective in general. Nevertheless, it does not cover concerns on accuracy and theoretical legitimacy. Research efforts on developing guidelines for part-whole identification and classification has not been accumulated sufficient achievements to solve this issue. The purpose of this study is to provide step-by-step guidelines for identifying and classifying part-whole relationships in the context of UML use. Based on the theoretical work on Meta-model Formalization, self-check forms that help conceptual modelers work on part-whole classes are developed. To evaluate the performance of suggested idea, an experiment approach was adopted. The findings show that UML users obtain better results with the guidelines based on Meta-model Formalization compared to a natural language classification scheme conventionally recommended by UML theorists. This study contributed to the stream of research effort about part-whole relationships by extending applicability of Meta-model Formalization. Compared to traditional approaches that target to establish criterion for evaluating a result of conceptual modeling, this study expands the scope to a process of modeling. Traditional theories on evaluation of part-whole relationship in the context of conceptual modeling aim to rule out incomplete or wrong representations. It is posed that qualification is still important; but, the lack of consideration on providing a practical alternative may reduce appropriateness of posterior inspection for modelers who want to reduce errors or misperceptions about part-whole identification and classification. The findings of this study can be further developed by introducing more comprehensive variables and real-world settings. In addition, it is highly recommended to replicate and extend the suggested idea of utilizing Meta-model formalization by creating different alternative forms of guidelines including plugins for integrated development environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2015

A text-based communication system has been developed with a communication function on AIS and display and input function on ECDIS as a way to complement voice communication. It features no linguistic error and is not affected by VHF restrictions on use and noise. The text communication system is designed to use messages for clear intentions and further improves convenience of users by using various UI through software. It works without additional hardware installation and modification and can transmit a sentence by selecting only via Message Banner Interface without keyboard input and furthermore has a advantage to enhance processing speed through its own message coding and decoding. It is determined as the most useful alternative to reduce language limitations and recognition errors of the user and solve the problem of various voice communications on VHF. In addition, it will help to prevent collisions between ships with decrease in VHF use, accurate communication and request of cooperation based on text at heavy traffic areas.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.6
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• pp.147-166
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• 2004

Whitehead's discussion of language is not to be found in any one book or article. It is interwoven with his discussion of many other questions. He was, however, greatly concerned with the problem of symbolism in general and the uses of language. He regards language, spoken or written, as an instrument devised by men to aid them in their adjustment to the environment in which they live Language is used for many specific purposes in the process of this adjustment. Words are employed not only to refer to data and to express emotions. They may be used also to record experiences, and thoughts about these experiences. Worts also function as instruments in the organization of experiences as they are considered in retrospect. Thus words free us from the bondage of the immediate. And Whitehead's theory of meaning is implicit in his discussion of the functions of language. According to him, the human mind is functioning symbolically when some components of its experience elicit consciousness, beliefs, emotions, and usages, respecting other components of its experiences. The former set of components are the 'symbols', and the latter set constitute the 'meaning' of the symbols. Whitehead points out that one word may have several meanings, i.e. refer to several different data. In order to understand, thus, the meaning to which a word refers, it is sometimes very important to appreciate the system of thought within which a person is operating. Further, Whitehead's discussion of language includes a number of cogent warning the deficiencies of language, and hence the need for great care in the use of words. In fact, language developed gradually. For the most part we have created words designed to deal with practical problems. Attention focuses on the prominent features in a situation, in particular the changing aspects of things. With reference to such data our words are relatively adequate. However, this issues in an unfortunate superficiality. The enduring, the subtle, the complex and the general aspects of the universe do not have adequate verbal representation. for this reason, Whitehead's position concerning the uses of language in speculative philosophy is stated with pungent directness. The uncritical trust in the adequacy of language is one of the main errors to which philosophy is liable. Since ordinary language does not do justice to the generalities, profundities and complexities of life, it is obvious that philosophy requires new words and phrases, or at least the revision of familiar words and phrases. Proceeding to develop the theme Whitehead contends that words and phrases must be stretched towards a generality foreign to their ordinary usage. In the same vein Whitehead refers to the need to realize that language which is the tool of philosophy needs to be redesigned just as in physical science available physical apparatus needs to be redesigned. But even these words and phrases, stretched or redesigned, are never completely adequate in philosophical speculations. They are, in his opinion, merely a great improvement over ordinary language or the language science, mathematics or symbolic logic.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-83
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of scores on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) among foreign exchange students on academic adaptation. Recruited students, approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), totaled seven, and their interview contents were analyzed using a comprehensive analysis procedure based on pragmatic eclecticism (Lee, Kim, 2014), utilizing six stages. As a result, factors influencing academic adaptation of Korean language learners for academic purposes were categorized into three dimensions: academic, daily life, and psychological-emotional aspects. On the academic front, interviewees pointed out difficulties in adapting to specialized terminology and studying in their majors, as well as experiencing significant challenges with Chinese characters and Sino-Korean words. Next, from a daily life perspective, even participants holding advanced TOPIK scores faced difficulties in adapting to university life, emphasizing the necessity of practical expressions and extensive vocabulary for proper adjustment to Korean life. Lastly, within the psychological-emotional dimension, despite being advanced TOPIK holders, they were found to experience considerable stress in conversations or presentations with Koreans. Their lack of knowledge in social-cultural and everyday life culture also led to linguistic errors and contributed to psychological-emotional difficulties, despite proficiency in Korean. Based on these narratives, the conclusion was reached that in order to promote the academic adaptation of Korean language learners, it is essential to provide opportunities for Korean language learning. With this goal in mind, efforts should be directed towards enhancing learners' academic proficiency in their majors, improving Korean language fluency, and fostering interpersonal relationships within the academic community. Furthermore, the researchers suggested as a solution to implement various extracurricular activities tailored for foreign learners.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2003

Objective：In this study, we hypothesized that deficit in processing rapid linguistic stimuli is at the heart of Reading Disability(RD) and deficit in response inhibition is at the heart of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity(ADHD). We conducted experiments to identify the core cognitive characteristics of children either with RD or with ADHD or with both, using attentional tasks and phoneme differential tests. Method：In the study 1, 28 children with ADHD, 16 children with RD+ADHD were individually administered visual/auditory performance tests. Then, the differences of performance on attentional tasks between two groups were compared while IQs of two groups were controlled. In the study 2, 13 children with RD+ADHD/RD, 13 children with ADHD, and 13 normal children were administered computerized phoneme differential tests. Result：Visual attentional tasks did not distinguish an ADHD group from a RD+ADHD group. With auditory attentional tasks, however, the comorbid group showed significantly more difficulties, causing a large variance in reaction time. RD, RD+ADHD, and ADHD groups showed more errors in phoneme differential tests than a normal control group, and each group showed distinctive performance patterns. Discussion：An ADHD group had difficulty in response inhibition and sustained attention, and children who also had RD along with ADHD magnified the auditory attentional difficulties. Even though children with RD had more trouble with responding correctly to target stimuli, their responses were not significantly different from those of children with ADHD.