• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.225-233
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• 1999

One of the reasons that debugging distributed programs is much more difficult than sequential programs is the communication among processes. Even though there are many debuggers constructed on distributed system environment, no available debugger provides an efficient way to debug communication events.. In this paper, we show the way to debug RPC communication, which is regarded as one of the most popular communication protocol in distributed system development. This paper presents the implementation of the RPC event trace function based on the RPC event model, which is proposed to accommodate communication events into debugging objects. Analyzing conventional RPC protocols, we formalized library function calls as corresponding actions to sending and receiving of messages. B recognizing the locations of library calls the debugger can detect all occurrences of communication events, This RPC event trace function is implemented on the on-line distributed debugger UniVIEW system.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2015

In the PCB(Printed Circuit Board) manufacturing industry, the yield is an important management factor because it affects the product cost and quality significantly. In real situation, it is very hard to ensure a high yield in a manufacturing shop because products called chips are made through hundreds of nano-scale manufacturing processes. Therefore, in order to improve the yield, it is necessary to analyze main fault process and equipment that cause low PCB yield. This paper proposes a systematic approach to discover fault-causing processes and equipment by using a logistic regression and a stepwise variable selection procedure. We tested our approach with lot trace records of real work-site. A lot trace record consists of the equipment sequence that the lot passed through and the number of faults for each fault type in the lot. We demonstrated that the test results reflected the real situation of a PCB manufacturing line.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.297-306
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a Time Delay Traceback Scheme for the TDOA location estimation performance enhancement in NLOS environment and analyze the performance in various conditions. We place multiple readers in a square($300m{\times}300m$) searching area for reuse of received signal. Also, we use more active NLOS reader detection methode for NLOS error mitigation. when NLOS time delay 70 m, the number of the NLOS reader is 3 and the received sub-blinks number 3, proposed time delay trace-back scheme improve the RMSE about 16 m. From these results, we confirm that the proposed time delay traceback scheme is well-suited for the high precision location estimation to offer the location based service.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1997

Methanol and/or boiling water extraction of 201 natural products and subsequent MTT assay using MT-4 cell line was carried out to screen the anti-HIV-1 activity. Among 97 methanol extracts, 7 extracts from Chrysanthemi Indicium Flos, Magnoliae Cortex, Machili Cortex, Reynoutriae Rhizoma, Lithospermi Radix, Agastachis Herba, and Chaenomelis Fructus showed anti-HIV-1 activity and their SI value were 2.25 to 5.77. In addition, among 119 boiling water extracts, 10 extracts from Lonicerae Caulis et Foloium, Elsholtziae Herba, Leonuri Herba, Portulacae Herba, Schizonepetae Herba, Curcumae Rhizoma, Amomi Cardamomi Fructus, Cirsii Radix et Herba, Carpesii Herba, and Siegesbeckiae Herba showed anti-HIV-1 activity and their SI value were 1.30 to 7.64. Methanol extracts of above seven natural products were fractionated and the anti-HIV-1 activity of each fraction was examined. Extraction was carried out with hexane, chloroform, butanol, and water to trace active anti-HIV-1 componets. As a result, the water fraction of Magnoliae Cortex, Machili Cortex, Reynoutriae Rhizoma, Agastachis Herba, Chaenomelis Fructus and the butanol fraction of Chrysanthemi Indicium Flos, Reynoutriae Rhizoma showed anti-HIV-1 activity and their SI value were 1.40 to 8.02. We could reach a conclusion that studies to trace the anti-HIV-1 active component of each natural products in further fractionation and to identify its structure by Infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography were needed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2017

The carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with the pristine bentonite and hybrid material (HDTMA-modified bentonite). The modified-CPEs are then employed as working electrode in an electrochemical detection of As(V) from aqueous solutions using the cyclic voltammetric measurements. Cyclic voltammograms revealed that As(V) showed reversible behavior onto the working electrode. The hybrid material-modified carbon paste electrode showed significantly enhanced electrochemical signal which was then utilized in the low level detection of As(V). Moreover, the studies were conducted at neutral pH conditions. The electrochemical studies were conducted with scan rates (20 to 200 mV/s) to deduce the mechanism of redox processes involved at the electrode surface. The anodic current was linearly increased, increasing the concentration of As(V) from 5.0 to $35.0{\mu}g/g$ using the hybrid material-modified electrode. This provided fairly a good calibration line for As(V) detection. The presence of varied concentrations of As(III) in the determination of total arsenic was studied. The influence of several cations and anions viz., Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $PO_4{^{3-}}$, EDTA and glycine in the detection of As(V) from aqueous solution was also studied. Further, in an attempt to simulate the real matrix analysis, the tap water sample was spiked with As(V) and subjected for As(V) detection using the modified-CPE.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2001

This paper presents the structure of a $\mu$Spring package, its fabrication process and an analysis of its electrical characteristics compared to that of a $\mu$BGA. It was found that both $\mu$BGA and $\mu$Spring packages provide with outstanding high speed signal transmission characteristics due to their lower inductance of package interconnection lines, smaller than half of inductance of TSOP package lines. Even the worst case substrate trace of a Rambus DRAM $\mu$Spring package yields the line inductance of 2.9nH, which provides with 25% margin compared to the Rambus DRAM specification of 4nH. The fabrication cost of $\mu$Spring package is lower than that of $\mu$BGA by 50%, passes 1000 thermal cycles, meets JEDEC Level 1 specification whereas $\mu$BGA does not, and thereby yields high reliability and strong competing power.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.158-163
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• 2005

Competitive electricity markets necessitate equitable methods for allocating transmission usage in order to set transmission usage charges and congestion charges in an unbiased and an open-accessed basis. So in competitive markets it is usually necessary to trace the contribution of each participant to line usage, congestion charges and transmission losses, and then to calculate charges based on these contributions. A UPFC offers flexible power system control, and has the powerful advantage of providing, simultaneously and independently, real-time control of voltage, impedance and phase angle, which are the basic power system parameters on which sys-tem performance depends. Therefore, UPFC can be used efficiently and flexibly to optimize line utilization and increase system capability and to enhance transmission stability and dampen system oscillations. In this paper, a mathematical approach to allocate the contributions of system users and UPFCs to transmission system usage is presented. The paper uses a dc-based load flow modeling of UPFC-inserted transmission lines in which the injection model of the UPFC is used. The relationships presented in the paper showed modified distribution factors that modeled impact of utilizing UPFCs on line flows and system usage. The derived relationships show how bus voltage angles are attributed to each of changes in generation, injections of UPFC, and changes in admittance matrix caused by inserting UPFCs in lines. The relationships derived are applied to two test systems. The results illustrate how transmission usage would be affected when UPFC is utilized. The relationships derived can be adopted for the purpose of allocating usage and payments to users of transmission network and owners of UPFCs used in the network. The relationships can be modified or extended for other control devices.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.539-543
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• 2006

Lodging is classified as root lodging caused by the loss of supporting force in the root, bending caused by the deformation of the stem and breaking where the stem breaks down as loads exceeding critical elasticity were applied. This research excluded breaking which is not in a state of equilibrium and tried to partition the level of lodging using an algebraic model in root lodging and stem lodging, or bending. When a vertical load was applied, the deformation of the stem of rice plant showed the form of a quadratic equation. The trace of the panicle neck in the process of lodging was an ellipse-shape. When loading was pure root lodging, the trace of the panicle neck became a circle of which culm length is the radius. When it was a pure stem lodging, the trace of the panicle neck is an ellipse of which major axis is culm length and minor axis is 0.64* culm length. When both stem lodging and root lodging occurred in a natural setting, the partitioning of lodging can be calculated by a formula using eccentricity of an ellipse, S=e*100/0.768(S is the ratio of stem lodging in the whole lodging, e is eccentricity of the ellipse). This method is expected to be useful in simple lodging partitioning. We could also calculate the partitioning of stem lodging and root lodging as units of angles as an accuracy method, by using a straight line calculated by differentiating a quadratic equation of stem deformation at the origin of the coordinates. These two methods for dividing root and stem lodging showed different values. However, each of them showed almost same values with different lodging degree in one plant.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1811-1821
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• 2021

Objective: A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental levels of Mn provided by organic and inorganic trace mineral supplements on growth, tissue mineralization, mineral balance, and antioxidant status of growing broiler chicks. Methods: A total of 500 male chicks (8-d-old) were used in 10-day feeding trial, with 10 treatments and 10 replicates of 5 chicks per treatment. A 2×5 factorial design was used where supplemental Mn levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg Mn/kg diet) were provided as MnSO₄·H₂O or MnPro. When Mn was supplied as MnPro, supplements of zinc, copper, iron, and selenium were supplied as organic minerals, whereas in MnSO₄·H₂O supplemented diets, inorganic salts were used as sources of other trace minerals. Performance data were fitted to a linearbroken line regression model to estimate the optimal supplemental Mn levels. Results: Manganese supplementation improved body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with chicks fed diets not supplemented with Mn. Manganese in liver, breast muscle, and tibia were greatest at 50, 75, and 100 mg supplemental Mn/kg diet, respectively. Higher activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (total-SOD) were found in both liver and breast muscle of chicks fed diets supplemented with inorganic minerals. In chicks fed MnSO₄·H₂O, ADG, FCR, Mn balance, and concentration in liver were optimized at 59.8, 74.3, 20.6, and 43.1 mg supplemental Mn/kg diet, respectively. In MnPro fed chicks, ADG, FCR, Mn balance, and concentration in liver and breast were optimized at 20.6, 38.0, 16.6, 33.5, and 62.3 mg supplemental Mn/kg, respectively. Conclusion: Lower levels of organic Mn were required by growing chicks for performance optimization compared to inorganic Mn. Based on the FCR, the ideal supplemental levels of organic and inorganic Mn in chick feeds were 38.0 and 74.3 mg Mn/kg diet, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.472-482
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• 1994

Cytokines expressed specifically in leukocytes subsets and in activated cells, which are involved in chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes, are recently defined as chemokines. Macrophage inflammatory $protein-1{\alpha}(MIP-1{\alpha})$ and $MIP-1{\beta}$ are members of C-C chemokine subfamily which produces wide immunomodulatory, proinflammatory, and hematopoietic modulatory actions. We have studied their gene expression by using Northern blot analysis in various blood cells such as cytolytic T lymphocyte(CTL), helper T lymphocyte(HTL), macrophage, and B lymphocyte. Resting CTL line CTLL-R8 expressed $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA which was downregulated by ConA stimulation. Both of resting and ConA stimulated HTL line Hut78 and Jurkat did not express $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA. There was detectable $MIP-1{\alpha}$ transcript in HTL hybridoma 2B4.11 which was a little upstimulated by ConA stimulation. B cell line 230, and macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and WR19M.1 showed distinct $MIP-1{\alpha}$ message which were induced after LPS stimulation. Expression pattern of $MIP-1{\beta}$ in all cell lines or cell were almost identical to that of $MIP-1{\alpha}$. Also strategies employed to identify and characterize the biological functions was preceded by receptor cloning to trace the shorcut to the final goal of cytokine research. For the cloning of $MIP-1{\alpha}$ receptor(R), we used synthetic oligonucleotides of transmembrane(T) conserved sequences of already cloned human(h) IL-8-R, and performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) amplification using murine(m) macrophage cell line mRNA. Among 5RT-PCR products, we isolated a homologous cDNA with hIL-8-R which were shown to be putative mIL-8-R cDNA.