• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2021

The chloroplast genome of Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) Bullock, a halophytic species, was sequenced to understand genetic differences based on its geographical distribution. The cp genome of L. tetragonum was 154,689 bp long (GC ratio is 37.0%) and has four subregions: 84,572 bp of large single-copy (35.3%) and 12,813 bp of small single-copy (31.5%) regions were separated by 28,562 bp of inverted repeat (40.9%) regions. It contained 128 genes (83 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). Thirty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 33 INDEL regions (88 bp in length) were identified. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees showed that L. tetragonum formed a sister group with L. aureum, which is incongruent with certain previous studies, including a phylogenetic analysis.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2020

Talaromyces halophytorum sp. nov. was isolated from the roots of halophyte Limonium tetragonum collected from Seocheon-gun, Korea in November 2015. It showed a slow growth on yeast extract sucrose agar at 25 ℃, no growth at 4 ℃ or 37 ℃ and produced smooth-walled and globose to sub-globose conidia. T. halophytorum is phylogenetically distinct from the other reported Talaromyces species of section Trachyspermi based on multi-locus sequence typing results using partial fragments of β-tubulin, calmodulin, ITS, and RNA polymerase II genes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2016

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial extracellular matrices degrading enzymes that take important roles in metastasis of cancer progression as well as other significant conditions such as oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Natural products are on the rise for their potential to provide remarkable health benefits. In this context, halophytes have been of interest in the nutraceutical field with reported instances of isolation of bioactive compounds. In this study, Limonium tetragonum, an edible halophyte, was studied for its ability to inhibit MMP-2 and -9 using HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Results showed that L. tetragonum extract was able to inhibit the enzymatic activity and mRNA expression of MMP-2 and -9 according to gelatin zymography and RT-PCR assays, respectively, but it was not able to significantly change the MMP pathway related factors such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Also, Mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway-related protein levels and their phosphorylation were assayed. While the phosphorylated p38 levels were decreased, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase were not affected by L. tetragonum treatment. In conclusion, it was suggested that L. tetragonum contains substances acting as MMP inhibitors on enzymatic activity rather than intracellular pathway intervention, which could be useful for further utilization of L. tetragonum as a source for anti-MMP agents.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.218-233
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• 2017

To identify the natural and novel cosmeceutical ingredients which have whitening function, we examined the effects of tyrosinase activity and melanin production on halophyte Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock extracts. As a result, the extracts showed whitening effect with no cytotoxicity. Melanin contents of B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased in a dose-dependent manner at 50, 100, $200{\mu}g/mL$ treatment of the extracts. In tyrosinase activity inhibition test, L. tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock extracts showed decreased tyrosinase activity as the concentration of ${\alpha}-MSH$ was increased. Furthermore, it was observed that the tyrosinase and MITF expression was significantly downregulated by adding L. tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock extracts in ${\alpha}-MSH$, a melanogenesis inducing material, treated B16F10 melanoma cells. These results indicate that L. tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock extract might be an effective whitening agent by inhibit melanin formation.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2011

Crude extracts of Limonium tetragonum and their solvent-partitioned fractions were evaluated for their potential to scavenge authentic $ONOO^-$, and $ONOO^-$ derived from 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). Four flavonol glycosides (1-4) were isolated by activity-guided separation. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive 2 D NMR experiments and by comparison with published spectral data. These compounds were also estimated for their peroxynitrite scavenging effects. The scavenging ratios of compounds 1-4 on authentic $ONOO^-$ were 56, 37, 56, and 54%, respectively, at a concentration of 1 ${\mu}M$. On the other hand, the inbihition ratios of compounds 1-4 against $ONOO^-$ generation from SIN-1 were 59, 39, 44, and 54% at the same concentration, respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2015

The protective effect of EtOAc fraction of Limonium tetragonum extract (EALT) against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity was assessed following acute ethanol intoxication in Spraque-Dawley rats. EALT (200 mg/kg p.o.) was administrated once before alcohol intake (8 g/kg, p.o.). Blood ethanol concentration, and the activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver were measured. Also, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase were determined after acute alcohol exposure. Pretreatment of rats received ethanol with EALT significantly decreased blood ethanol concentration and elevated the activities of ADH and ALDH in liver. The increased MDA level was decreased, and the reduced activities of SOD, GSH-px and catalase were markedly preserved by the treatment with EALT. This study suggests that EALT prevent hepatic injury induced by acute alcohol which is likely related to its modulation on the alcohol metabolism and antioxidant enzymes activities.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Halophytes are plants that live in harsh environments in coastal regions and are known for their diverse chemical compositions. Limonium tetragonum, a halophyte endemic to Korean shores, is known for its bioactive compounds and is utilized in folk medicine. In this study L. tetragonum extract (LHE) was used to determine and evaluate its anti-osteoporotic properties. Pre-adipocyte and pre-osteoblasts were induced to differentiate along with LHE treatment, and their differentiation was evaluated using differentiation markers. LHE treatment decreased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during adipogenesis. Results indicated that the LHE treatment also decreased the levels of key adipogenic transcription factors: PPARγ, SREBP1c, and C/EBPα. Enhancing osteoblastogenesis by LHE treatment was confirmed in osteoblastogenesis-induced MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Cells treated with LHE resulted in increased calcification and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared with osteoblasts without LHE treatment. Pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic effects were also confirmed in D1 murine mesenchymal stromal cells which are capable of differentiation into both adipocytes and osteoblasts. LHE hindered adipogenesis and enhanced osteoblastogenesis in D1 MSCs in a similar fashion. In conclusion, L. tetragonum is believed to possess the potential to be utilized as a nutraceutical ingredient against osteoporotic conditions.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2008

In this study, crude extracts of the halophyte Limonium tetragonum and their solvent fractions were evaluated on anticancer activity in AGS and HT-29 human cancer cells using MTT assay. Each of the crude extracts (MeOH and $CH_2Cl_2$) of Limonium tetragonum showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human cancer cells. The combined crude extracts of MeOH and $CH_2Cl_2$ were partitioned between $CH_2Cl_2$ and water. The organic layer was further partitioned between 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane, and then the aqueous layer was fractionated with n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. Growth inhibition effects of crude extracts and their solvent fractions from Limonium tetragonum increased in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, 85% aq. MeOH, n-hexane and n-BuOH fractions revealed very good inhibition effects on the growth of human cancer cells. These results suggest that we can isolate active compounds from Limonium tetragonum to show much more strong anticancer activity.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.172.3-173
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.40-42
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• 2005