• Title/Summary/Keyword: Light induced degradation (LID)

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An Analysis of Light Induced Degradation with Optical Source Properties in Boron-Doped P-Type Cz-Si Solar Cells (광원의 특성에 따른 Boron-doped p-type Cz-Si 태양전지의 광열화 현상 분석)

  • Kim, Soo Min;Bae, Soohyun;Kim, Young Do;Park, Sungeun;Kang, Yoonmook;Lee, Haeseok;Kim, Donghwan
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.305-309
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    • 2014
  • When sunlight irradiates a boron-doped p-type solar cell, the formation of BsO2i decreases the power-conversion efficiency in a phenomenon named light-induced degradation (LID). In this study, we used boron-doped p-type Cz-Si solar cells to monitor this degradation process in relation to irradiation wavelength, intensity and duration of the light source, and investigated the reliability of the LID effects, as well. When halogen light irradiated a substrate, the LID rate increased more rapidly than for irradiation with xenon light. For different intensities of halogen light (e.g., 1 SUN and 0.1 SUN), a lower-limit value of LID showed a similar trend in each case; however, the rate reached at the intensity of 0.1 SUN was three times slower than that at 1 SUN. Open-circuit voltage increased with increasing duration of irradiation because the defect-formation rate of LID was slow. Therefore, we suppose that sufficient time is needed to increase LID defects. After a recovery process to restore the initial value, the lower-limit open-circuit voltage exhibited during the re-degradation process showed a trend similar to that in the first degradation process. We suggest that the proportion of the LID in boron-doped p-type Cz-Si solar cells has high correlation with the normalized defect concentrations (NDC) of BsO2i. This can be calculated using the extracted minority-carrier diffusion-length with internal quantum efficiency (IQE) analysis.

Comparison of light-induced degradation and regeneration in P-type monocrystalline full aluminum back surface field and passivated emitter rear cells

  • Cho, Eunhwan;Rohatgi, Ajeet;Ok, Young-Woo
    • Current Applied Physics
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    • v.18 no.12
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    • pp.1600-1604
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    • 2018
  • This paper reports on a systematic and quantitative assessment of light induced degradation (LID) and regeneration in full Al-BSF and passivated emitter rear contact cells (PERC) along with the fundamental understanding of the difference between the two. After LID, PERC cells showed a much greater loss in cell efficiency than full Al-BSF cells (~0.9% vs ~0.6%) because the degradation in bulk lifetime also erodes the benefit of superior BSRV in PERC cells. Three main regeneration conditions involving the combination of heat and light ($75^{\circ}C/1\;Sun/48h$, $130^{\circ}C/2\;Suns/1.5h$ and $200^{\circ}C/3\;Suns/30s$) were implemented to eliminate LID loss due to BO defects. Low temperature/long time ($75^{\circ}C/48h$) and high temperature/short time ($200^{\circ}C/30s$) regeneration process was unable to reach 100% stabilization. The intermediate temperature/time ($130^{\circ}C/1.5h$) generation achieved nearly full recovery and stabilization (over 99%) for both full Al-BSF and PERC cells. We discussed the effect of temperature, time and suns in regeneration mechanism for two cells.

Improved Understanding of LeTID of Single-crystalline Silicon Solar Cell with PERC

  • Kim, Kwanghun;Baik, Sungsun;Park, Jaechang;Nam, Wooseok;Jung, Jae Hak
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.94-101
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    • 2018
  • Light elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID) was noted as an issue in multi-crystalline silicon solar cells (MSSC) by Ram speck in 2012. In contrast to light induced degradation (LID), which has been researched in silicon solar cells for a long time, research about both LeTID and the mechanism of LeTID has been limited. In addition, research about LeTID in single-crystalline silicon solar cells (SSSC) is even more limited. In order to improve understanding of LeTID in SSSC with a passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) structure, we fabricated four group samples with boron and oxygen factors and evaluated the solar cell characteristics, such as the cell efficiency, $V_{oc}$, $I_{sc}$, fill factor (FF), LID, and LeTID. The trends of LID of the four group samples were similar to the trend of LeTID as a function of boron and oxygen.

Analysis and comparison of initial performance degradation for single crystalline silicon solar cell under open and short circuit (단결정 태양전지의 단락 및 개방 시 노광에 의한 초기 출력저하 비교 분석)

  • Jung, Tae-Hee;Kim, Tae-Bum;Shin, Jun-Oh;Yoon, Na-Ri;Woo, Sung-Cheol;Kang, Gi-Hwan;Ahn, Hyung-Keun;Han, Deuk-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2010
  • It is well-known that Boron-doped Cz Si solar cells suffer light-induced degradation due to boron-oxygen defect which is responsible of a reduction in lifetime and hence efficiency. In this paper, we assume that PV solar cell has been connected with variable load to account the real operating condition and it shows different light-induced degradation of Si solar cell. To evaluate the effect of light-induced degradation for solar cell with various load, Single crystalline solar cells are connected with open and short circuits during light exposure. Isc-Voc curve evaluate light induced degradation of solar cells and the reason is explained as a change for serial resistance. From the results, Electrical characteristics of solar cells show better performance under short circuit conditions, after light exposure.

결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 광열화 현상 결함 분석

  • Kim, Su-Min;Kim, Yeong-Do;Park, Seong-Eun;Lee, Hae-Seok;Kim, Dong-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2014.02a
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    • pp.485.2-485.2
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    • 2014
  • Cz-Si 태양전지가 빛에 노출 되거나 소수 캐리어를 주입하는 경우 시간이 경과함에 따라서 전환 효율이 점점 감소하는 문제가 발생하는데 일반적으로 광열화(Light Induced Degradation) 현상이라고 명명한다. 이러한 현상은 준안정상태로 존재하는 결함들에 의해서 발생되는 것으로 연구되고 있으며 대표적인 결함으로 Cz-Si 물질 내부에 존재하는 B-O 결합이 있다. 광열화가 발생하는 명확한 기전은 아직 연구중에 있지만, 최근의 몇몇 연구결과들이 B농도와 O농도 사이의 상호관계에 대하여 밝혀냈다. 본 연구에서는 실시간으로 LID 현상을 관측하였으며, 초기상태와 비교하여 LID 이후에 열화 되는 특성들을 살펴보았다.

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Analysis of Aluminum Back Surface Field on Different Wafer Specification

  • Park, Seong-Eun;Bae, Su-Hyeon;Kim, Seong-Tak;Kim, Chan-Seok;Kim, Yeong-Do;Tak, Seong-Ju;Kim, Dong-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.02a
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    • pp.216-216
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this work is to investigate a back surface field (BSF) on variety wafer resistivity for industrial crystalline silicon solar cells. As pointed out in this manuscript, doping a crucible grown Cz Si ingot with Ga offers a sure way of eliminating the light induced degradation (LID) because the LID defect is composed of B and O complex. However, the low segregation coefficient of Ga in Si causes a much wider resistivity variation along the Ga doped Cz Si ingot. Because of the resistivity variation the Cz Si wafer from different locations has different performance as know. In the light of B doped wafer, we made wider resistivity in Si ingot; we investigated the how resistivities work on the solar cells performance as a BSF quality.

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Analysis of Correlation Between Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication Steps and Possible Degradation (실리콘 태양전지 제조공정과 열화의 상관관계 분석)

  • Yewon Cha;Suresh Kumar Dhungel;Junsin Yi
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.16-22
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    • 2023
  • In a solar cell, degradation refers to the decrease in performance parameters caused by defects originated due to various causes. During the fabrication process of solar cells, degradation is generally related to the processes such as passivation or firing. There exist sources of many types of degradation; however, the exact cause of Light and elevated Temperature Induced Degradation (LeTID) is yet to be determined. It is reported that the degradation and the regeneration occur due to the recombination of hydrogen and an arbitrary substance. In this paper, we report the deposition of Al2O3 and SiNX on silicon wafers used in the Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact (PERC) solar structure and its degradation pattern. A higher degradation rate was observed in the sample with single layer of Al2O3 only, which indicates that the degradation is affected by the presence or the absence of a passivation thin film. In order to alleviate the degradation, optimization of different steps should be carried out in consideration of degradation in the solar cell fabrication process.

후면 에미터 구조의 n-type 결정질 실리콘 태양전지 제작 및 최적화 연구

  • Tak, Seong-Ju;Kim, Yeong-Do;Park, Seong-Eun;Kim, Dong-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.12.1-12.1
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    • 2011
  • 최근 p-type 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 광열화현상(light induced degradation)에 대한 관심이 높아지면서, 이를 해결하기 위한 많은 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 LID 현상을 원천적으로 제거 할수 있는 n-type 기판을 이용하여, 상업적으로 양산화 가능한 공정을 도입하고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 고효율화 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 일반적인 p-type 결정질 실리콘 태양전지 제작 공정을 사용하여 알루미늄이 도핑된 후면 에미터 구조의 n-type 결정질 실리콘 태양전지를 제작하였으며, PC1D 시뮬레이션을 통해서 n+/n/p+구조의 n-type 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 에너지 변환 효율 향상을 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

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Long-term performance of amorphous silicon solar cells by the stretched exponential defect kinetics (비정질 실리콘 태양전지에 대한 장시간 성능예측: 확장지수함수 모형 및 컴퓨터 모의실험)

  • Kim, J.H.;Park, S.H.;Lyou, Jong H.
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.105.2-105.2
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    • 2011
  • 화비정질 실리콘의 빛에 의한 노화현상 (light-induced degradation; LID)은 이미 1977년 보고된 Staebler-Wronski 효과에 의해서 확인된 바 있다. 이는 비정질 실리콘이 빛에 노출될 때, 이미 포함되어 있는 수소원자가 빛 에너지에 의해서 이동하게 되고, 이로 인해서 생성 또는 소멸되는 댕글링 본드 때문에 일어난다. 특히, 일상적인 태양광의 노출 하에서 태양전지의 장시간 성능을 예측하는데 물리적인 이해의 부족 및 기술 환경적인 어려움이 있고, 이러한 요인들은 안정된 태양전지를 개발하는데 장해요인으로 나타난다. 그러므로 비정질 실리콘 태양전지가 장시간 태양광에 노출되어 시간이 지남에 따라서 "성능이 어떻게 변하는지?" 그리고 "이에 대한 원인은 무엇인지?" 등은 여전히 과학적으로 풀어야할 숙제로 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 비정질 실리콘으로 구성된 태양전지가 태양광에 노출될 때 시간이 지남에 따라서 (1) 성능이 어떻게 변하는지, (2) LID의 변화는 언제 안정화되는지, 그리고 (3) 성능변화에 대한 원인은 무엇인지에 대해서 논의한다. 본 논문은 장시간 빛에 노출되는 비정질 실리콘 태양전지의 성능예측에 관해서 연구하였다. 결함밀도의 운동학적 모형을 통해서 태양광 노출에 대한 태양전지 성능변화를 예측하는데 초점을 맞추었고, 이를 위해서 태양전지에 조사되는 태양광 세기, 주변온도, 등이 고려되었다. 특히, 전하운반자의 수명이 결함밀도에 의해서 결정되기 때문에 비정질 실리콘 태양전지의 빛에 대한 노화현상 (LID)이 확장지수함수 (stretched-exponential) 완화법칙을 따르는 결함밀도에 의해서 물리적으로 설명된다. 한편 이와 같은 물리적 계산의 유용성을 확인하기 위해서 동일한 태양전지에 대해서 AMPS-1D 컴퓨터 프로그램을 사용하였고, 이를 통해서 비정질 실리콘 태양전지의 빛에 대한 노화현상을 물리적 및 정량적으로 이해하였다. 본 연구에 적용되는 태양전지는 비정질 실리콘으로 구성된 pin 구조 (glass/$SnO_2$/a-SiC:H:B/a-Si:H/a-Si:H:P/ITO)로서 다음과 같은 특성을 갖는다: 에너지 띠간격~1.72 eV, 두께~400 nm, 내부전위~1.05 V, 초기 fill factor~0.71, 초기 단락전류~16.4 mA/$cm^2$, 초기 개방전압 0.90 V, 초기 변환효율 10.6 %. 우리는 이와 같은 연구를 통해서 과학적으로 비정질 실리콘의 빛에 의한 노화현상을 이해하고, 기술적으로 효율 및 경제성이 높은 태양전지의 개발에 도전한다.

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