• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2020

Purpose: The objective of this research is to classify snowfall area types with consideration of past regional snowfall characteristics and times for the effective local snow removal response systems of 229 local government districts. Method: This research first collected snowfall data of South Korea meteorological stations, and classified regional types using successive snowfall time. This research finally produced GIS maps using regional type information of snowfalls by applying GIS analysis methods. Result: This research provides five types of snowfall regions including 'frequent heavy snowfall regions', 'frequent light snowfall regions', 'rare heavy snowfall regions', 'average snowfall regions', and 'rare light snowfall regions' based on analysis results. Conclusion: Results of this research can be used as basic information for regional demand estimations of snow removal equipments, materials, vehicles, and personnel for the efficient snow removal response systems.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1978

The purpose of this study was to apply the position, the form and the angle of the attrition in the natural maxillary central incisors shown on the labial surface to the artificial teeth in the field of prosthetic dentistry. So we should exactly alter the molds of artificial teeth in individual cases in order to make artificial teeth more natural. 226 extracted teeth of the maxillary central incisors were chosen as materials. I have exactly examined the teeth with a magnifying glass and a circular graduator under concentrated light. The observation brought me the following results: 1) The attrition was most prevailing at the range from the mesial angle to the middle part of cutting edge in the left maxillary central incisor, and distal angle of cutting edge in the right maxillary central incisor. 2) On the attrite form of both angles, the angulated form was more than 4 times as frequent as rounded form in the mesial angle, and almost equal in the distal angle. 3) On the attrite form of cutting edge, mesial attrite form including mesial angle was most frequent in the left maxillary central incisor, and distal attrite form including distal angle in the right maxillary central incisor. 4) The angle made by the labial surface and the attrite surface was about $39^{\circ}$, and more than 70% of the total examined teeth were included at the range from $31^{\circ}\;to\;50^{\circ}$. 5) None attrite form at the cutting edge was about 12% and completely attrite form at the cutting edge was about 27% of examined teeth.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.375-383
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• 2007

To find out the affection of the sampling techniques to the result of a faunistic study, we surveyed the insect fauna of the Chungbuk National University (four different sites) for a year, from spring to fall. For each site, four different collecting methods: light trap, net sweeping, pitfall trap, and window trap, were applied and the collecting was done every other week for a total of 16 times. A total of 14 orders and 672 species were collected. 501 species were collected by the light trap, which covers about 75% of the total number of species, turn out to be the most effective, while other methods could only cover 18% or less. On average, only about 30% of the species collected at a given time of collecting were re-collected at the next collecting, which means about 70% of the species collected from the first collecting remains not collected in the next collecting if you collect insects every other week. The result suggests that, in addition to applying diverse collecting methods, frequent sampling, or narrow sample window, is another very important factor for a good representation of species diversity in an insect faunistic study.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.53-68
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• 2000

Children team about their roles through literature, receive the information about the roles of family members and come to accept them. Especially, father's roles in biographies are so diverse, not consistent, compared to mother's roles, that it world be judged to be difficult for the children who had read to form the concept of the father's roles. As the father's roles in the fairy tales have important effect upon the formation of the children's role concept toward their fathers, the purpose of this study is to investigate the father' role appeared in Korean biographies. The method used for this study is the content analysis of the context related with fathering in Korean biographies. It is found that the most frequent father' role appeared in Korean biographies was a friend and companion such as to talk with child about the child's future. And the second frequent father's role in Korean biographies was a family ancestor, such as, to pray for a son's birth, to name the child, to arrange the child's marriage. The third role was that of a loaming helper. These results have been discussed in the light of former studies, and the limits of study method also have been discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7467-7472
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is known to be one of the most prevalent cancers among women in both developing and developed countries. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has increased dramatically within the last few years and is the second country after Israel in Asia to have highest proportional cases of breast cancer. However, there are limited data for breast cancer available in the literature from Pakistan. Objectives: The study was conducted to bring to light the common clinical presentation of breast cancer and to evaluate the frequency of established risk factors in breast carcinoma patients and furthermore to compare the findings between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A 6 months (from July 2012 to Dec 2012) cross sectional survey was conducted in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Data were collected though a well developed questionnaire from 105 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma of breast and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Institutional ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: Out of 105 patients, 43 were premenopausal and 62 were postmenopausal, 99 being married. Mean age at diagnosis was $47.8{\pm}12.4years$. A painless lump was the most frequent symptom, notived by 77.1%(n=81). Some 55.2% (n=58) patients had a lump in the right breast and 44.8%(n=47) in the left breast. In the majority of cases, the lump was present in upper outer quadrant 41.9% (n=44). Mean period of delay from appearance of symptoms to consulting a doctor was $5.13{\pm}4.8months$, from the shortest 1 month to the longest 36 months. Long delay (> 3 months) was the most frequent figure 41.9%. Considering overall risk factors most frequent were first pregnancy after 20 years of age (41%), physical breast trauma (28.6%), lack of breast feeding(21.9%), and early menarche <11 years (19%), followed by null parity (16.2%), consumption of high fat diet (15.2%), family history of breast cancer or any other cancer in first degree relatives (9.5% and 13.3%, respectively). Some of the less common factors were late menopause >54 years (8.6%), use of oral contraceptive pills (10.5%), use of hormone replacement therapy (4.7%),smoking (4.7%) and radiation (0.96%). Significant differences (p<0.005) were observed between pre and post menopausal women regarding history of physical breast trauma, practice of breast feeding and parity. Conclusions: A painless lump was the most frequent clinical presentation noted. Overall age at first child > 20 years, physical breast trauma, lack of breast feeding, early menarche <11 were the most frequent risk factors. Physical breast trauma, lower parity, a trend for less breast feeding had more significant associations with pre-menopausal than post-menopausal onset. Increase opportunity of disease prevention can be obtained through better understanding of clinical presentation and risk factors important in the etiology of breast cancer.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3138-3151
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• 2022

Traffic safety and congestion are becoming more and more serious, especially the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents, which have caused great casualties and economic losses. Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) can assist in safe driving and improve traffic efficiency through real-time information sharing and communication between vehicles. All vehicles communicate directly with Base Stations (BS), which will increase the base station load. And when the communicating vehicles are too far apart, too fast or there are obstacles in the communication path, the communication link can be unstable or even interrupted. Therefore, choosing an effective and reliable multi-hop relay-assisted Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication can not only reduce the base station load and improve the system throughput but also expand the base station coverage and improve the communication quality of edge vehicles. Therefore, a communication area division scheme based on regular hexagon segmentation technology is proposed, a relay-assisted V2V communication mechanism is designed for the divided communication areas, and an efficient communication link is constructed by selecting the best relay node. Simulation results show that the scheme can improve the throughput of the system by nearly 55% and enhance the robustness of the V2V communication link.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.52-58
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• 2009

When a fire breaks out, it is frequent that large sized miserable death is happened by seriousness of poisonous gas and peculiarity of space because the building construction is recently more complex and diverse. So early countermeasure in preparation for evacuation escape linked directly with a loss of lives is pressing. Because escape light that mark fixing one-way of existing way is not efficiently extricated refugees from dangers when a fire breaks out, construction of system that can extricate refugees from dangers and suppress early a fire by grasping correctly fire point is required urgently. When a fire breaks out, all escape lights connected with fire sensor and reception group which have ill aiming in these point will lead people to safe emergency entrance of opposite direction of place that a fire is broken out after being calculated the direction and speed of flame and smoke. There is the purpose of my research in development of artificial intelligent directional escape light that can mark direction to most suitable pull-out and assist in early extinguishing a fire.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.494-496
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• 1999

Natural habitats for Calanthe species were generally established in forests of deciduous broad-leaved trees. The habitat areas had lower summer temperatures, more precipitation, and harrow humidity ranging 75~90% throughout the year than adjacent non-habitat areas. The most influential factor on the habitat establishment was light intensity. The light levels in the habitats are cut down by tree canopies, which also reduce temperature before the defoliation in autumn. The most frequent distribution of the habitat was in the areas with light intensity of 400~1,500 lux under tree canopies and of 30,000~50,000 lux in winter after defoliation. Calanthe was characteristically distributed in the broad-leaved forests where high levels of light are reduced in summer, and cold temperatures in winter are insulated by mulched layers of fallen leaves.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2003

White snakeroot (Ageratina altissima (L.) R. King & H. Robinson) as an invasive alien plant appeared more abundantly at lower elevations where frequent artificial interferences prevailed than at higher elevations where such impacts were less. They appeared abundantly in introduced forests such as black locust plantation but they did not appear or were rare in natural forests such as oak forest. But an exceptional phenomenon where white snakeroot did not appear was found in a Korean pine stand with dense cover afforested recently. Appearance status of white snakeroot in each section of trampling path depended on breadth of the path and relative light intensity. Growth of white snakeroot measured as the number of ramet per genet, height, and biomass was better near the trampling path and was reduced toward the forest interior. The growth was proportionate to the relative light intensity measured according to distance from the trampling path. Such results support the fact generally known in relation invasion and expansion of the invasive alien plants. From this viewpoint, we suggest a management plan that applies ecological restoration principles to address ecosystems infected with white snakeroot by restoring the integral feature of the degraded nature and more thoroughly conserving the remaining nature.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the behavioral, attitudinal, and demographic correlates of light, medium, and heavy users of eating out at family restaurants. Among 358 reponses from the subjects, 224 responses were utilized for the analysis, and 134 responses were reserved for validating the discriminant function. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, stepwise discriminant analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, and anova analysis were used for this study. The findings from this study were as follows: First, He behavioral characteristics were found to discriminate among the three usage groups. Second, it was found that heavy users expressed greater difference between perception and expectation on the quantity of food that are appropriately served and the consistent quality of food at every visit. Third, the usage rate of eating out was not dependent on the sex, but dependent on the companion, average expenditure, and the time of eating out in chi-square test. Finally, the results of the study provide some insight into the pattern of marketing strategies that can be successfully used by the managers of family restaurants.