• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 1994

The effects of explant sources, plant growth regulators on callus induction and plantlet differentiation from leaf blade, petiole, and meristem tissue of Pelalgonium citrosa were investigated under illumination or in dark condition Leaf blade explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 2,4-D and kinetin did not form callus or organ. But those cultured on medium with NAA and BA produced callcus and shoots. Dark condition was more effective than light condition to callus induction and showed that some of shoot were differentiated directly from leaf blade explane. Callus proliferated vigorously on meristem tissue after 7 days of culture, and multiple shoots were obtained Sum callus on medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA and BA. Roots formed readily from about 80% of the shoots cultured on medium with 1.0 mg/L NAA. Regenerated plantlets regenerated had phenotypically normal leaves and roots.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1221-1234
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences and interaction effects in impression formation according to eyeglasses, earrings, hair length, and clothing color worn by woman in Her 20s. A quasi-experimental method was used for this study. The experimental design was a $3{\times}2{\times}2{\times}4$(eyeglasses${\times}$earrings${\times}$hair length${\times}$clothing color) factorial design. The model of stimulus photographs was a woman with an oval shape face in her late twenties. She wore a tailored collared jacket with a white dress shirt. The subjects were 362 female college students. First, the women wearing glasses were found to be more potent but gave more negative impressions in terms of loveliness, politeness, and attractiveness than the women without glasses. Second, the women wearing earrings were perceived to have higher individuality, attractiveness, potency, loveliness, and elegance than the women without earrings. Third, the women with short hair were evaluated to have higher individuality, potency, and elegance, and to have lower loveliness, politeness, and attractiveness than the women with long hair. Fourth, the red clothes were perceived to have the higher individuality, loveliness, and attractiveness than the dark red or grey clothes. The light grey clothes were considered as the most elegant and the dark grey clothes were shown to have low attractiveness. Fifth, the women wearing the horn-rimmed glasses with short hair were evaluated to have high individuality. The women wearing glasses with short hair were evaluated lower in loveliness than those with long hair. The women with short hair, wearing glasses without earrings were evaluated very low in attractiveness.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.110-114
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• 2010

Highest increase of biomass was observed when tissue-cultured potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Chubaek) shoots were cultured in a liquid medium containing 1/3 MS solution in a 18 L bioreactor, as compared to 1/4 and 1/2 MS solution. The medium containing 1/4 MS solution showed higher increase of shoot biomass than one containing 1/2 MS solution. Potato microtubers were formed when the medium was exchanged with the medium for microtuber formation and incubated under dark condition. The microtubers were observed first at some axillary buds one week after incubation under dark condition and then at most of the axillary buds by the end of 3 weeks. The 1.5 MS liquid medium and $20^{\circ}C$ were optimal conditions. By the end of 6 weeks, more 1,000 microtubers were formed in the 18 L bioreactor. Then, greened microtubers were harvested after one week culture under light condition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of various media compositions in regeneration of Lilium lancifolium. The adventitious bud initiation from microscale was the best on MS medium supplemented with BAP 1.0 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L after 4 weeks of culture. However, from bulbscales, adventitious bud initiation was the best in dark condition on MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L. On the other hand, callus induction was found to be the best from the microscales incubated in complete dark condition for 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and BAP 0.1 mg/L. The highest plantlet regeneration from callus was obtained after incubation in the light condition for 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.5 mg/L and BAP 0.1 mg/L. Rooting of shoots was obtained easily on MS medium and the plantlets were transferred to soil pots after 8 weeks. The chromosome analysis of the root tip cells was revealed that the callus-derived plantlets had normal chromosome number, 2n=24. No variation was observed in the morphology of the plantlets.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2004

To establish high frequency shoot formation from two cultivars (Cheongyangjaerae and Myungan) of boxthorn (Lycium chinense Mill.), hypocotyl segments with cotyledons from seedlings were used as explants. High frequency adventitious shoot formation (more than 80%) were obtained from hypocotyl segments with cotyledon on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L zeatin, when precultured for 3 weeks under dark conditions followed by transfer to light conditions. But there was no shoot induction in the explants cultured without preculture under dark conditions. Roots were induced from the shoots when transferred to rooting medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IAA for 4 weeks. Regenerated plantlets were grown to normal mature plants in soil.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 1995

The effects of media, growth regulators, low-temperature treatments, culture temperature and light were investigated to improve the callus induction and growth in the anther culture of Comus officinalis Sieb. et Zucco. The frequency of callus induction was more effective on WPM medium than MS medium, and it was highest as 54% in WPM medium supplemented with Img/L NAA. Callus growth was stimulated on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L NAA. Effect of temperature and light on the callus induction and growth was highest as 62% in the treatment for 16/8 hrs. (light/dark) at $25^{\circ}C$ Ef­fect of low - temperature treatment on callus induction was highest as 19. 5% in the treatment for 36 hrs. at $4^{\circ}C$. For organization, green cells and rootings were promoted on MS medium supplemented with O. 5mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L kinetin. The prevention of callus browning was effective on the medium con­taining $3{\sim}5mg/L$ ABA or 5mg/L $AgNO_3$. The supplement of ABA or $AgNO_3$,were maintained callus ac­tivity for 4-5 weeks and they were promoted the development of green cells.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.7-10
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• 1971

Haploid cell obta-ined from microspores of Solanum nigrum were cultured on two kinds of medium, "Callus-inducing medium" and "Differentiation medium", in order to conduct histological studies of callus and examine differentiation of plantlets. On the callus-inducing medium the calli grew rapidly. The bulk of callus mass was light brown colored "Wet callus" covered on the surface with thin layers of rough and gleaming "White callus". The wet callus was consisted of parenchyma and meristematic tissues, while the white callus had no meristematic tissues. Large parenchyma cells, by successive divisions, became multicellular or poly nucleate cells which developed later to be meristematic tissues. The calli embedded on the differentiation medium quickly turned to dark brown color. Plantlets, however, came out later from these blackened callus mass. In the callus sectioned about ten weeks after imbedding on the differentiation medium, radially elongated tissue, concentric tissue, epidermis, tracheid-like structure, and plant jprimordia were observed.ure, and plant jprimordia were observed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.20
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• pp.183-201
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• 2010

Based on case studies from Japan and South Korea, this review paper explores the hidden costs of English language learning (ELL). In a context where English has become a commodity and ELL a form of consumption, we focus on the personal and social costs of (a) studying abroad as a much-touted path to "native-like" proficiency and (b) sexualization of language teaching materials in order to reach new niche markets. The hidden costs of ELL are embedded in language ideologies which set English up as a magical means of self-transformation and, at the same time, an unattainable goal for most Japanese and Koreans. We end with the call to expose debilitating language ideologies in order to shed light on the hidden costs of ELL.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.2 s.67
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• pp.311-325
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing style(formal, casual), clothing tone(N9, N7, N4, N2) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 128 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, clothing style, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 768 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 5 different components, attractiveness, stability, cuteness, visibility, and tenderness. In the 5 image components, clothing style and clothing tone showed independent effect. In the stability, cuteness and visibility, lipstick color showed independent effect. Eyeshadow color and lipstick tone influenced independently on the attractiveness, stability and visibility. In the coordination of achromatic clothing with makeup face, attractiveness image by the coordination of lipstick tone with clothing tone, cuteness image by the coordination of lipstick tone with clothing style or clothing style with clothing tone, visibility image can be produced by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.631-655
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• 2022

Modern Hanbok tends to use new colors based on traditional colors and their symbolic meanings. In addition to the traditional colors, various expressions have been increased, it is necessary to consider the color and color trend used in modern clothing. This study focused on the period 2011 - 2020 and analyzed the main color and coloring method of top and skirt by year with 450 data from a total of 81 wedding magazines. The results of examining the characteristics of traditional colors during the target period are as follows. First, the main color of the Jeogori showed a distribution of various colors in the first half, but the main color of the skirt concentrated on black, white and light pink in the second half. Second, while the use of blue and green systems decreased, Dang-ui color changed to warm yellow, green, and red systems. The Baeja used plain dark white in the first half; however in the latter half, they changed to white or accented colors. The one-piece used various colors in the first half, but only black and white appeared in the second half. Third, in the upper and lower colors of Hanbok, the blue-red color, the traditional contrast color of the first half, decreased significantly in the second half. The appearance rate of proximity for the complementary color harmony of white-red color and the adjacent color harmony of white-blue increased.