• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2000

성선자극호르몬 수용체 (LH/CGR)는 7번 막을 통과하는 수용체의 일종이다. LH/CGR의 유전자 돌연변이 질환은 남성에 있어서 이들 수용체가 조기에 발현되어 조기 성숙의 원인이 된다. 이러한 수용체의 기능을 분석하기 위하여 556번째의 아미노산 (D)을 Y로 치환한 돌연변이 수용체 (D556Y)를 만들었다. 이러한 돌연변이 수용체를 동물세포에 발현시켜 cAMP의 분석결과 Ligand (호르몬)가 없어도 지속적으로 정보전달을 세포내부로 보내 cAMP 발현을 현저히 증가시켰다. 따라서 남성의 조기성숙과 관련된 질환은 지속적으로 발현하는 LH /CGR에 의한 원인 때문일 것이다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2015

Now, it has been being accepted that reverse signaling through CD137 ligand (CD137L) plays an important role in vivo during hematopoiesis and in immune regulation. However, due to technical difficulty in dissecting both directional signaling events simultaneously in vivo, most biological activities caused by CD137-CD137L interactions are considered as results from signaling events of the CD137 receptor. To make the story more complex, $CD137^{-/-}$ and $CD137L^{-/-}$ mice have increased or decreased immune responses in a context-dependent manner. In this Mini review, I will try to provide a plausible explanation for how CD137L signaling is controlled during immune responses.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2009

The main stream of CD137 studies has been directed to the function of CD137 in $CD8^+$ T-cell immunity, including its anti-tumor activity, and paradoxically the immunosuppressive activity of CD137, which proves to be of a great therapeutic potential for animal models of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recent studies, however, add complexes to the biology of CD137. Accumulating is evidence supporting that there exists a bidirectional signal transduction pathway for the CD137 receptor and its ligand (CD137L). CD137/CD137L interactions are involved in the network of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells in addition to the well characterized antigen-presenting cell-T cell interactions. Signaling through CD137L plays a critical role in the differentiation of myeloid cells and their cellular activities, suggesting that CD137L signals trigger and sustain inflammation. The overall consequence might be that the amplified inflammation by CD137L enhances the T-cell activity together with CD137 signals by upregulating costimulatory molecules, MHC molecules, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Solving this outstanding issue is urgent and will have an important clinical implication.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.2-9
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• 2018

Olfactory receptors (ORs) in mammals are generally considered to function as chemosensors in the olfactory organs of animals. They are membrane proteins that traverse the cytoplasmic membrane seven times and work generally by coupling to heterotrimeric G protein. The OR is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the guanine nucleotide-binding $G{\alpha}_{olf}$ subunit and the $G{\beta}{\gamma}$ dimer to recognize a wide spectrum of organic compounds in accordance with its cognate ligand. Mammalian ORs were originally identified from the olfactory epithelium of rat. However, it has been recently reported that the expression of ORs is not limited to the olfactory organ. In recent decades, they have been found to be expressed in diverse organs or tissues and even tumors in mammals. In this review, the expression and expected function of olfactory receptors that exist throughout an organism's system are discussed.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the inflammatory mechanisms of LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. The inflammation mechanism was evaluated in BV-2 cells with or without LPS treated using the Affymetrix microarray analysis system. The microarray analysis revealed that B cell receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Neuro-active ligand-receptor interaction, TLR signaling path-way, and T cell receptor signaling pathway-related genes were up-regulated in LPS stimulated BV-2 cells. Selected genes were validated using real time RTPCR. These results can help an effective therapeutic approach to alleviating the progression of neuro-in-flammatory diseases.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2018

Corticotropin - releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) forms an integral part of the pathophysiology of disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder, stress, anxiety, addiction, and depression. Hence it is essential to look for new, potent and structure-specific inhibitors of CRHR1. We have analysed the protein-protein interaction complexes of the CRHR1 receptor with its native ligand CRF and full agonist Sauvagine. The structure of Sauvagine was predicted using homology modelling. We have identified that the residues TYR253, ASP254, GLU256, GLY265, ARG1014 and LY1060 are important in the formation of protein-protein complex formation. Future studies on these residues could throw light on the crucial structural features required for the formation of CRHR1-inhibitor complex and in studies that try to solve the structural complexities of CRHR1.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2013

Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a multi-ligand receptor that is able to bind several different ligands, including advanced glycation endproducts, high-mobility group protein (B)1 (HMGB1), S-100 calcium-binding protein, amyloid-${\beta}$-protein, Mac-1, and phosphatidylserine. Its interaction is engaged in critical cellular processes, such as inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and migration, and dysregulation of RAGE and its ligands leads to the development of numerous human diseases. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways regulated by RAGE and its ligands identified up to date and demonstrate the effects of hyper-activation of RAGE signals on human diseases, focused mainly on renal disorders. Finally, we propose that RAGE and its ligands are the potential targets for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of numerous renal diseases.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.136-136
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• 2003

Exposure of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes a variety of biological and toxicology effects, most of which are mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The ligand-bound AhR as a heterodimer with AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) binds to its specific DNA recognition site, the dioxin-responsive element (DRE), and it results in increased transcription of CVP1A1 gene.(omitted)

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2015

Plant genome analyses, including Arabidopsis thaliana showed a large gene family of plant receptor kinases with various extracellular ligand-binding domain. Now intensively studies to understand physiological and cellular functions for higher plant receptor kinases in diverse and complex biological processes including plant growth, development, ligands perception including steroid hormone and plant-microbe interactions. Brassinosteroids (BRs) as a one of well know steroid hormone are plant growth hormones that control biomass accumulation and also tolerance to many biotic and abiotic stress conditions and hence are of relevance to agriculture. BRI1 receptor kinase, which is localized in plasma membrane in the cell sense BRs and it bind to a receptor protein known as BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). Recently, we reported that BRI1 and its co-receptor, BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE (BAK1) autophosphorylated on tyrosine residue (s) in vitro and in vivo and thus are dual-specificity kinases. Other plant receptor kinases are also phosphorylated on tyrosine residue (s). Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can be studied by altering the residue modified by directed mutagenesis to mimic the modified state or to prevent the modification. These approaches are useful to not only characterize the regulatory role of a given modification, but may also provide opportunities for plant improvement.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2012

Chemokine receptor antagonists have potential applications in field of drug discovery. Although the chemokine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors, their cognate ligands are small proteins (8 to 12 kDa), and so inhibiting the ligand/receptor interaction has been challenging. The application of structure-based in-silico methods to drug discovery is still considered a major challenge, especially when the x-ray structure of the target protein is unknown. Such is the case with human CCR2 and CCR5, the most important members of the chemokine receptor family and also a potential drug target. Herein, we review the success stories of combined receptor modeling/mutagenesis approach to probe the allosteric nature of chemokine receptor binding by small molecule antagonists for CCR2 and CCR5 using Rhodopsin as template. We also urged the importance of recently available ${\beta}2$-andrenergic receptor as an alternate template to guide mutagenesis. The results demonstrate the usefulness and robustness of in-silico 3D models. These models could also be useful for the design of novel and potent CCR2 and CCR5 antagonists using structure based drug design.