• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2018

Li-incorporated ZnO thin films were deposited by using ultrasonic-assisted spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) system. To investigate the effect of Li-incorporation on the performance of ZnO thin films, the structural, electrical, and optical properites of the ZnO thin films were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emssion scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Hall effect measurement, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry with variation of the Li concentraion in the ZnO sources. Without incorporation of Li element, the ZnO surface showed large spiral domains. As the Li content increases, the size of spiral domains decreased gradually, and finally formed mixed small grain and one-dimensional nanorod-like structures on the surface. This morphological evolution was explained based on an anti-surfactant effect of Li atoms on the ZnO growth surface. In addition, the Li-incorporation changed the optical and electrical properties of the ZnO thin films by modifying the crystalline defect structures by doping effects.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2015

리튬-함유 백운모는 삼팔면체 레피돌라이트(lepidolite)와 함께 화강암 페그마타이트 주변에서 발견되는 대표적인 리튬광물 중 하나이다. 백운모 결정구조를 고려하면 $Li^+$ 이온은 층간 $K^+$ 자리(Int)에 위치하거나 $Al^{3+}$ 팔면체층의 원자 빈자리(Sub)에 위치할 수 있지만, 실험만으로 백운모의 리튬 함유기작을 규명하는데 어려움이 있다. 이번 연구에서는 밀도범함수(density functional theory, DFT)를 사용하여 백운모 결정구조 내에 $Li^+$이 함유되는 위치와 이에 따른 미시적 구조 및 에너지 변화를 조사하였다. $Li^+$이 Int 또는 Sub에 위치할 경우, 운모의 결정상수, ab 면과 가지는 수산기의 각, 층간 거리 등 상당한 차이를 보여주었다. 뿐만 아니라, DFT 에너지 계산은 순수 백운모 구조에서는 $Li^+$이 $K^+$를 대신하여 Int에 위치하는 것이 Sub에 위치하는 것보다 더 낮은 에너지를 보여주었다. 그러나 팔면체층에 $Fe^{2+}$ 치환이 일어난 경우에는, $Li^+$이 Sub에 위치하는 것이 오히려 더 낮은 에너지를 보여주었다. 이번 DFT 연구결과는 기존의 $Li^-$함유 백운모 화학분석으로부터 발견한 $Fe^{2+}$와 $Li^+$의 상관관계를 설명해 줄 수 있으며, 백운모의 $Li^+$ 함유기작에서 팔면체층의 양이온 치환의 중요한 역할을 제시한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2005

Li-doped ZnS layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. It was found that relatively low growth temperature is suitable for effective incorporation of Li acceptors. The layers grown under optimized conditions exhibited photoluminescence spectra dominated by neutral-acceptor-bound excitons. Such layers also showed electrically p-type behavior in capacitance-voltage characteristics. The net acceptor concentration is estimated to be approximately $3{\times}10^{15}\;cm^{-3}$.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1997년도 Proceedings of the 12th KACG Technical Meeting and the 4th Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.139-143
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• 1997

The doping effects of Mg and/or Fe ions on congruent LiNbO$_3$ single crystal growth were studied in order to clarify the roles of MgO in Fe doped LiNbO$_3$ single crystals. The effective distribution coefficienct of Fe was found decreased drastically from 0.85 to 0.5 by the addition of MgO into the LiNbO$_3$ melt. M ssbauer spectra revealed that the addition of MgO reduces the occurrence of Fe2+ ions during growth in air. Therefore, it is likely that there would be two important roles of MgO in Fe doped LiNbO$_3$. One is to suppress the incorporation of all Fe ions, and the other is to reduce the concentration of Fe2+ ions among the total Fe ions.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1592-1599
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• 2018

The present study deals with the effect of dual cathode buffer layer (CBL) on the performance of bilayer of 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC) and fullerene (C70)-based organic solar cell (OSC) with low donor concentration. OSC devices with CBLs have been fabricated using thermal vapor deposition technique. We report the use of lithium fluoride (LiF) and molybdenum trioxide ($MoO_3$) as CBLs. The insertion of LiF between C70 and aluminium (Al) electrode enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of device from 1.89% to 2.47% but quenching of photogenerated excitons is observed at interface of C70 and LiF layers. Incorporation of $MoO_3$ between LiF and Al electrode further enhances PCE of device to 3.51%. This has also improved the material quality and device properties, by preventing the formation of gap states and diminishing exciton quenching.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2002년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.819-821
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• 2002

Photoluminescenc (PL) and low-voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) characteristics of $[xSrTiO_3+(1-x)Li_2TiO_3]:Pr^{3+}$ and $[xSrTiO_3+(1-x)Na_2TiO_3]:Pr^{3+}$ systems were investigated. The red luminescence intensities of these compounds are enhanced remarkably by the incorporation of $Li^+$ or $Na^+$ ion as compared to that of $SrTiO_3:Pr^{3+}$. The enhanced luminescence is speculated to result from both the charge compensation of $Pr^{3+}$ site and oxygen vacancies generated in the lattices by $Li^+$ or $Na^+$ ion.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.276-276
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• 2006

The incorporation of room temperature ionic liquids (IL) in poly (ethyleneoxide)-lithium salt (PEO-LiX) based solid polymer electrolytes is presently being studied as an effective means of enhancing the room temperature ionic conductivity of these electrolytes to acceptable levels for use in lithium batteries. In the present study, $PEO_{20}-LiTFSI$ solid polymer electrolyte was blended with three different ionic liquids, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMIMTFSI), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraflouroborate (BMIMBF4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluromethanesulfonate ($BMIMCF_{3}SO_{3}$). The incorporation of all these ILs resulted in the enhancement of ionic conductivity, the effect being more pronounced at lower temperatures. Electrochemical properties of the blended electrolytes were studied by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and interfacial resistance measurements. The optimum results were obtained with the blending of BMIMTFSI in the solid polymer electrolyte.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2007

PEO계 고분자 전해질에 대한 최근까지의 많은 연구는 나노-세라믹 입자의 충전에 의한 전도도 증대가 주과제였다. 그러나 노화시간에 따른 이온 전도도의 지속적인 감소 현상은 이 시료의 응용 가능성에 치명적 단점임에도 불구하고 많은 경우에 무시되거나 간과되어 왔다. 노화 시간에 따른 전도도 감소 현상은 충전된 세라믹 입자에 의해 유발되는 것처럼 보고되어 왔다. 반면에 순수한 $PEO_8LiCIO_4$전해질의 전도도는 저자에 따라 고온에서는 거의 일치된 값이 보고되었지만 상온에서의 전도도 값은 10000배까지의 차이를 보이고 있다. 이는 상온에서의 전도도 값이 시료 제작이나 열적 역사에 크게 의존한다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 $PEO_8LiCIO_4$와 나노-세라믹 입자가 충전된 $PEO_8LiClO_4/Al_2O_3$ 고분자 전해질의 전도도의 크기가 열적 전처리 및 노화 시간에 크게 의존함을 보였다. 또한 전도도 감소 현상은 순수한 시료나 충전된 시료에 거의 비슷한 정도로 나타나는 것을 측정하였으며, 이와 같은 노화 현상은 PEO-Li염 전해질이 상온에서 결정질과 비정질이 공존하는 비평형 상이기 때문에 일어나는 본래 내재되어 있는 성질이라는 것을 밝혔다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2002

$Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ and Li-doped $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ thin films have been grown on sapphire substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The thin film phosphors were deposited at a substrate temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ under the oxygen pressure of 100, 200 and 300 mTorr. The films grown under different deposition conditions have been characterized using microstructural and luminescent measurements. The crystallinity and photoluminescence (PL) of the films are highly dependent on the oxygen pressure. The PL brightness data obtained from $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ films grown under optimized conditions have indicated that sapphire is one of the most promising substrate for the growth of high quality $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ thin film red phosphor. In particular, the incorporation of $Li^{+}$ ions into $Y_2O_3$ lattice could induce a remarkable increase of PL. The highest emission intensity was observed with LiF-doped $Y_{1.84}Li_{0.08}Eu_{0.08}O_3(Y_2O_3LiEu)$, whose brightness was increased by a factor of 2.7 in comparison with that of $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ films. This phosphor may promise for application to the flat panel displays.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1688-1696
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• 2020

Soil physical and chemical characteristics, soil potential denitrification rates (PDR), community composition and nirK-, nirS- and nosZ-encoding denitrifiers were studied by using MiSeq sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) technologies base on short-term (5-year) tillage field experiment. The experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), no-tillage with crop residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage with crop residue removed as control (RTO). The results indicated that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and NH₄⁺-N contents were increased with CT, RT and NT treatments. Compared with RTO treatment, the copies number of nirK, nirS and nosZ in paddy soil with CT, RT and NT treatments were significantly increased. The principal coordinate analysis indicated that tillage management and crop residue returning management were the most and the second important factors for the change of denitrifying bacteria community, respectively. Meanwhile, this study indicated that activity and community composition of denitrifiers with CT, RT and NT treatments were increased, compared with RTO treatment. This result showed that nirK, nirS and nosZ-type denitrifiers communities in crop residue applied soil had higher species diversity compared with crop residue removed soil, and denitrifying bacteria community composition were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria. Therefore, it is a beneficial practice to increase soil PDR level, abundance and community composition of nitrogen-functional soil microorganism by combined application of tillage with crop residue management.