• 제목/요약/키워드: Lewis acid catalyst

검색결과 41건 처리시간 0.028초

Hydrogen-bonded clusters in transformed Lewis acid to new Brønsted acid over WOx/SiO2 catalyst

  • Boonpai, Sirawat;Wannakao, Sippakorn;Panpranot, Joongjai;Praserthdam, Supareak;Chirawatkul, Prae;Praserthdam, Piyasan
    • Advances in nano research
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.291-300
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    • 2022
  • The behavior of hydrogen species on the surface of the catalyst during the Lewis acid transformation to form Brønsted acid sites over the spherical silica-supported WOx catalyst was investigated. To understand the structure-activity relationship of Lewis acid transformation and hydrogen bonding interactions, we explore the potential of using the in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with adsorbed ammonia and hydrogen exposure. From the results of in situ DRIFTS measurements, Lewis acid sites on surface catalysts were transformed into new Brønsted acid sites upon hydrogen exposure. The adsorbed NH3 on Lewis acid sites migrated to Brønsted acid sites forming NH4+. The results show that the dissociated H atoms present on the catalyst surface formed new Si-OH hydroxyl species - the new Brønsted acid site. Besides, the isolated Si-O-W species is the key towards H-bond and Si-OH formation. Additionally, the H atoms adsorbed surrounding the Si-O-W species of mono-oxo O=WO4 and di-oxo (O=)2WO2 species, where the Si-O-W species are the main species presented on the Inc-SSP catalysts than that of the IWI-SSP catalysts.

Lewis Acid 촉매를 이용한 N-Hydroxysuccinimide의 실용적 합성법 연구 (Practical Synthesis of N-Hydroxysuccinimide Using Lewis Acid Catalyst)

  • 김동년;김석찬
    • 공업화학
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.313-315
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    • 2019
  • 정밀화학 및 화장품 산업에서 널리 사용되는 N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)의 새로운 실용적 합성법을 개발하였다. 기존 합성법은 무수 숙신산과 $NH_2OH$ 반응 후 강산을 촉매로 약 70%의 수율로 NHS를 얻는다. 이 방법은 무수 숙신산을 사용하여 비교적 쉽게 NHS를 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있으나 비싼 무수 숙신산을 사용하기 때문에 전혀 경제적이지 않다. 이런 단점을 극복하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 무수 숙신산 대신에 저렴한 숙신산과 Lewis 산인 Zinc acetate를 촉매로 사용하여 80%의 높은 수율로 NHS를 제조하는 새로운 경제적인 합성법을 개발하였으며 경제성 평가 결과 약 15%의 원가 절감 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

Adipic Acid와 Diethylene Glycol의 Polyesterification에 대한 유기나노점토와 촉매의 영향 (Effect of Organo Nanoclay and Catalyst on the Polyesterification between Adipic Acid and Diethylene Glycol)

  • 박경규;신승욱;오민지;이상호
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2011
  • Adipic acid(AA)와 diethylene glycol(DEG) 사이에서 일어나는 반응의 속도에 대한 유기나노점토(Cloisite 30B)의 영향을 규명하기 위하여 383K와 423 K에서 Br${\phi}$nsted acid인 p-toluene sulfonic acid(p-TSA)와 Lewis acid인 butylchlorotin dihydroxide를 촉매로 사용하여 에스테르 반응을 수행하였다. 촉매의 양은 전체반응물의 0.14 mol%만큼 사용하였다. 반응 생성물의 산가로부터 계산된 전환율 vs. 시간의 자료를 사용하여 반응속도를 해석하였다. [OH]/[COOH] 초기 몰비가 2인 상태에서 수행되는 polyester-diol 합성반응의 속도는 p-TSA 촉매하에서는 AA에 대하여 2차 반응으로, butylchlorotin dihydroxide 촉매하에서는 AA에 대하여 1차 반응으로 잘 해석되었으며 두 반응의 활성화 에너지는 각각 42.2 kJ/mol, 63.8 kJ/mol이었다. AA와 DEG에 Cloisite 30B를 5 wt% 첨가시키면 p-TSA 촉매는 활성이 크게 줄어 반응속도가 매우 느려졌으며, 이 때 활성화 에너지는 72.9 kJ/mol로 높게 계산되었다. Butylchlorotin dihydroxide 촉매는 Cloisite 30B의 첨가에 관계없이 거의 일정한 활성을 유지하였다. Butylchlorotin dihydroxide 촉매하에서 Cloisite 30B를 첨가한 반응의 활성화 에너지는 61.8 kJ/mol로 Cloisite 30B를 첨가하지 않은 반응의 활성화 에너지보다 약간 낮았다.

Co/HY 제올라이트 촉매상에서 Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene 이량화를 통한 고에너지밀도 연료 제조 (Synthesis of High-energy-density Fuel through Dimerization of Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene over Co/HY Catalyst)

  • 김종진;심범석;이가영;한정식;전종기
    • 공업화학
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.185-190
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    • 2018
  • Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene (norbornadiene)의 이량체는 고에너지밀도 연료로 사용 가능하다. 본 연구의 목적은 Co 담지가 HY 제올라이트 촉매의 산특성에 미치는 영향과 norbornadiene의 이량화 반응에 미치는 영향을 고찰하는 것이다. HY 제올라이트 촉매에 코발트를 담지하면 산점의 양은 큰 변화가 없으나 산 세기는 약해졌다. 이는 $Br{\ddot{o}}nsted$산의 감소와 Lewis산의 증가에 기인한 것으로 볼 수 있다. HY 제올라이트와 Co/HY를 촉매로 사용하여 norbornadiene 이량화 반응을 수행한 결과, Co/HY 촉매는 HY 제올라이트 촉매보다 더 높은 norbornadiene 전환율과 norbornadiene 이량체수율을 나타내었다. Norbornadiene 이량화 반응에서 Co/HY 촉매의 활성이 HY 촉매보다 더 높은 것은 Lewis 산점의 역할이 더 크기 때문으로 해석할 수 있다. Co/HY 촉매를 이용하여 제조한 norbornadiene 이량체의 밀도와 발열량이 문헌에 알려진 값과 잘 일치하며, 본 연구에서 제조한 norbornadiene 이량체가 고에너지밀도 연료로서 사용 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다.

글리옥살을 이용한 마직물의 무포름알데히드 방추가공(제 1보)-촉매의 영향 (Nonformaldehyde Anti-crease Finish of Ramie with Glyoxal (Part I))

  • 오경화;홍경화
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제22권8호
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    • pp.1060-1068
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    • 1998
  • The effects of various catalysts and softners on the anti-crease finish of ramie with glyoxal were investigated. A number of metal salts commonly used as Lewis acid catalysts in DP finishing of cotton with formaldehyde and N-methylol agents were screened for glyoxal treatment of ramie fabric. Various organic and inorganic acids were mixed with Lewis acid catalyst as co-catalysts to improve catalytic activity. As a result, the combination of aluminum sulfate and citric acid was proven highly effective in catalyzing the crosslinking of ramie cellulose by glyoxal under lower curing temperature. With a mixed catalyst, performance properties, such as whiteness and tearing strength as well as wrinkle recovery of treated ramie fabric were improved as compared with that treated with aluminum sulfate alone. Additional improvement of tearing strength and wrinkle recovery was achieved by applying silicons softner in the treatment bath.

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Polystyrene Supported Al(OTf)3: a Stable, Efficient, Selective, and Reusable Catalyst for Sulfonylation of Arenes with Sulfonic Acids

  • Boroujeni, Kaveh Parvanak
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제31권7호
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    • pp.1887-1890
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    • 2010
  • Cross-linked polystyrene supported aluminium triflate (Ps-Al(OTf)$_3$) was found to be an efficient and chemoselective heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for the direct conversion of arenes to sulfones using sulfonic acids as sulfonylating agents. The solid acid catalyst is stable (as a bench top catalyst) and can be easily recovered and reused without appreciable change in its efficiency.

Acidity Effect on the Catalytic Properties for Phenol Isopropylation

  • 유정환;이철위;왕보;박상온
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.263-266
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    • 2001
  • Isopropylation of phenol with 2-propanol has been carried out over Na-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites to determine the effect of catalyst acidity on phenol conversion and product selectivity. The acid type and strength of the catalyst such as Lewis, weak and strong Bronsted acid sites are measured by pyridine adsorbed XPS and the catalytic properties are interpreted in terms of the acid properties. The active site and mechanism for the reaction are suggested based on evidence of study from the reactant adsorbed FT-IR.

Vapor-Phase Chlorination of Chlorobenzene over Solid-Acid Catalysts

  • 장향자;최평호;박상언
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.507-511
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    • 1995
  • Catalytic chlorination of chlorobenzene was studied in vapor phase using various solid-acid catalysts such as silica-alumina, alumina, zeolite and a modified clay prepared by impregnating bentonite with ferric chloride. The conversions of both chlorine gas and chlorobenzene showed high over silica-alumina, alumina and modified clay catalysts. However relatively large amounts of polychlorinated benzene derivatives were also observed. The active species of catalytic activity in chlorination of chlorobenzene in vapor phase were proved to be as Lewis acid sites by in-situ IR experiments. The strength of Lewis acid sites which were effective for the vapor-phase chlorination seemed to be having Hammett acidity Ho >-3.0. The selectivity to dichlorobenzenes was proved to be high over the zeolite catalyst due to their shape-selective properties. p-Dichlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene selectivities were improved more or less by changing the reaction conditions.