• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2009

For this study, the 'Game Activities' lessons presented in the math textbooks from the 1st grade to the 6th were examined in terms of learning materials, the learning members' make-up, the playing structures, and the relation with the contents. In addition, the survey by means of questionnaires was conducted to analyze the actual condition of teachers' guidance in the field. The findings from this research were as follows: First, as for the activities presented in the textbooks, it turned out that too much emphasis is placed upon plays mainly using learning materials such as cards and dice played by teams of two. In addition, there have been shown negative aspects in various ways of plays putting too much emphasis on certain types of plays such as and structures. As for the relation with the contents, although lots of efforts were taken to connect the playing activity to the lesson contents, there were units presenting plays based on the preceding lesson's repeated activity, ones that have weak link with the contents. Second, it turned out that the teachers had negative attitude on the guidance using the 'Game Activities' lesson, although they were aware of the effects of playing in math learning. This seemed to result from the delicate variety and insufficient preparation for the play. Besides, the findings indicate that the appreciation and activity of the 'Game Activities' lesson presented as a way of performance evaluation. for play need to be provided in school or classrooms for teachers and students to make good use of them.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.184-190
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• 2022

Objectives : In our previous study, we developed the prototype of a lesson plan for meridian and acupuncture clinical skills education by applying the rapid prototyping to instructional systems design. The present study aimed to develop a teaching-learning manual, including the lesson plans, practice notes, and instructions for devices. We also aimed to present a guideline on how to use the manual in class. Methods : The manual and materials for teachers and learners were developed based on the solutions and the prototype derived from our previous study. Practical classes on meridian and acupuncture points consist of four major subjects, and the lesson plan and practice note were designed according to each topic. Results : Flipped learning, George's five-step method, peer role-play, and peer-led objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) were applied as main methodologies in the meridian and acupuncture points practical class. The teaching-learning manual, including practice notes, detailed lesson plan, OSCE checklist, and instruction manual for devices, was developed to be utilized at each stage of the learning activity. Conclusions : The application of the teaching-learning manual is expected to provide effective clinical skills education, strengthen learners' communication skills, establish professional identity, assess learners' performance, and provide immediate feedback. The educational effect of the manual for the existing class should be identified, and its feasibility should be verified by implementing it on another group. This manual could be helpful in designing classes for other subjects of Korean medicine, especially for clinical skills education.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.355-360
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• 2023

Recently, with the development of digital, children are exposed to a lot of media media. Reading activity decreases, making it difficult to acquire information from books or organize and remember acquired information. Since education with augmented reality increases children's participation and immersion in learning, we proposed a reading activity application with augmented reality technology to increase children's reading interest and creativity. In addition, based on the five nurturing processes, we designed a play-oriented reading activity for the application. In addition to the application suggestions, we designed a play-centered lesson model so that it can be used in actual lessons. In order to analyze the conceptual thinking framework according to the lesson model design, we visited an actual daycare center and conducted a class attended by an expert. Experts who participated were asked to fill out a pre-produced questionnaire to review the suitability of the reading activity class model and operation, and the feasibility was examined. Our lesson model design was based on limited book content, and due to ethical concerns, large-scale experiments with children could not be conducted, so the results of the study are not representative of the whole. However, it is significant that the possibility of running a new reading activity class based on the Nuri course has been examined and proposed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.171-186
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• 2002

This is a study on science related class(Object Lesson in Germany) of a German elementary school. The research methods were participant observation, content analysis of various learning materials. In this study, the themes and processes of the Object Lesson are analyzed from the 1st grade to 1st semester of 2nd grade in B-G Schule at Goettingen. German Object Lesson(GOL) is performed as integrated education. It is started with experientially familiar materials and proceeded to deeper contents with special knowledges. The students have lots of time to play with friends, to do what they want, to think about others and etc. in GOL. They don't teach their students many science knowledges but inquirying methods to make their own knowledges. From this analysis results, the implications for Korean science education are to be described. The implications are as follows; We might make our science class be integrated one, especially in elementary science course, to develop several familiar materials, to give student direct experiences, to teach inquirying methods for making students' own science knowledges. And all of the adults included national authorities, economic companies, social parties, several specialists, should give supplies to school science class and have responsibilities on education

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.497-516
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of enhancing teachers' pedagogical design capacity using ChatGPT. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to investigate preservice teachers' perceptions of ChatGPT, and lesson plans created using ChatGPT were analyzed from the perspectives of design elements, conversations with ChatGPT, and information transforming. The results showed that pre-service teachers have a rather passive attitude toward the use of ChatGPT, and that teacher moderation and ChatGPT characteristics affect pre-service teachers' perceptions of the use of ChatGPT. In addition, pre-service teachers mainly used ChatGPT for motivational activities and play activities, and there were significant differences in the level of utilization of ChatGPT among individuals, i.e., how they interacted with ChatGPT and how they transformed information. Based on these findings, we explored the possibility of using ChatGPT for teacher professional development and teacher education.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.390-400
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose an improvement plan based on an analysis of the current earth science teacher education curriculum in the department of education in the four fields of teaching profession theory: student-teacher practice, subject lesson education, and subject content education. The following are the conclusions and suggestions of this study. In case of teaching profession theory, too much emphasis is put on pedagogical theory over practical issues, and a problem arises upon completion. Therefore, it is sugguest that teaching profession theory might be completed before subject lesson education to ensure more authentic subjects performing teaching profession. The current term for student-teacher training is too short to understand the whole school system. Current school system does not have any off-job training course or internship system. Therefore, student-teacher training term should be increased by at least $3{\sim}6$ months to play a vital role in the current system. The credit number of subject lesson education is too small compared with subject content education. Consequently, the credit number of subject lesson education should be increased, and more professor majored in subject lesson education should be recruited. Significant deviation between the content of subject content education and that of middle school grade exists, and there is also much difference in the ratio of subject according to university. To get rid of these problems, subject content education should be connected with subject lesson education and appropriate number of credit needs to be assigned to each subject domain.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.447-457
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• 2001

Moliere completed classical French comedy by combining farce and commedia dell\`arte. Moliere believed that it was a plays obligation to give a lesson and entertainment. Moliere recreated commedia dell\`arte\`s typical acting patterns and characters in his work. He created with Lully comedie ballet that combined ballet and comedie for taste of Louis 14. Les precieuses ridicules critically displayed women at that time. Both contemporary high status women\`s custom and behavior were the targets of the author\`s synical criticism. There are three notable clothing imageries are shown in this work. First, Moliere used a variety of items in order to show emptiness of noble at that time. Items are ribbon and loop decorated rhingrave, feather decorated hat, perfumed wig and glove, lace covered canon and flower decorated shoes. Second, the author showed people\`s stutus through their clothes. Last, the author used clothing used clothing as a metaphor for hypocrisy. Thus when he said “take off the clothes” he meant take off hypocrisy and return truth.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.121-134
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for designing tasks appropriate to the elementary classroom based on the correspondence with the national curriculum, integration among four skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), authenticity, and interactivity. For this study, two primary English teachers volunteered to participate in the case study conducted in the spring semester of the 2012 school year. Each class observed was composed of 29 and 30 sixth graders (12-year-old learners). Data were collected through classroom observation and lesson plans. Optimality theory was used to analyze data from the lessons. From the findings, the overall ranking of constraints is Curriculum ${\gg}$ Integration ${\gg}$ Authenticity ${\gg}$ Interactivity. It is also shown that for teacher 'L', the tasks such as 'guessing game', 'photo of me', and 'role play' were appropriate to help students ask questions and give reasons for their choices. As for teacher 'C', the tasks such as 'hand spans', 'transport survey', and 'picture telling' needed to be considered in order to help students understand and write comparative sentences.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.331-344
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to explore sorts and roles of Afro-American music genres such as jazz, blues, gospel, and swing which were shown in post-structural Afro-American literary works: Toni Morrison's novel Jazz, Alice Walker's novel The Color Purple, and August Wilson's play The Piano Lesson. It has been phenomenal for several important Afro-American writers to create their works in which they invite traditional Afro-American music genres. This has made significant effects to depict a wide range of episodes in their works, which are historically and culturally associated with such music genres. This paper analyzes varied ways in which the writers combine these two artistic fields, which are all Afro-American, and express their authenticity and identity as being blackness.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.451-465
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• 2019

Textbooks are official materials so that these are the most frequently used teaching materials in school. The teacher constructs the lesson based on the contents of the textbook to achieve the learning goal. Thus, textbooks play an important role because the quality of the contents in textbooks affects the cognitive level of students. This study investigates the cognitive domain based on Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives(knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation) of 'Values and Expression' in the mathematics textbook of the first grade of middle school reflecting the 2015 revised mathematics curriculum. We also looked at cognitive levels based on Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. As a result, it was found that understanding was dominant in 'Values and Expression'. Also, although the problem of requiring a higher level of cognition is increasing as the unit finishes, there are still a high percentage of low level of problems.