• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-142
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• 2005

This study was conducted to suggest the research domains of Criminal Psychology, which is needed to improve the disciplinary identity of the Korean Criminal Psychology. Some major textbooks of Criminal Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Legal Psychology are written by korean and foreign psychologists. Major definitions and research domains of Criminal Psychology was compared and reviewed. For aggregating the criminal psychological researches were studied by korean psychologists, a total of 211 articles and papers, which was published by Korean Psychological Association, 5 Sub-psychological Associations, and Korean Law Psychological Association, were reviewed. Several the major research domains in Criminal Psychology was suggested as follows: General psychological theories, aggression·anger·morality, adolescent delinquency, mind and motivations of criminals, victims, investigation techniques, testimony, assessment·counseling·correction·rehabilitation of criminals, prediction and prevention of crime.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

The article studies the discourse and a legal uncertainty of the popular and generally understandable concept of cybercrime. The authors reveal the doctrinal approaches to the definition of cybercrime, cyberspace, computer crime. The analysis of international legal acts and legislation of Ukraine in fighting cybercrime is carried out. The conclusion is made about the need to improve national legislation and establish international cooperation to develop the tools for countering cybercrime and minimizing its negative outcomes. The phenomenon of nicknames is studied as a semantic source, which potentially generates a number of threats and troubles - the crisis of traditional anthroponymic culture, identity crisis, hidden sociality, and indefinite institutionalization, incognito style, a range of manifestations of loneliness - from voluntary solitude to traumatic isolation and forced detachment. The core idea is that it is the phenomenon of incognito and hidden name (nickname and other alternatives) that is the motivational stimulus for the fact of information trouble or crime.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.171-197
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine empirically how the lay people judge self-defense and what factors could affect it. A total of 651 participants aged 20 years and over were asked to answer, attitude toward interpersonal violence, and legal attitude questionnaire, all divided by the type of self-defense. Participants were assigned one of the three types of situations that were claimed to be self-defense, and were given articles and scenarios related to each type of self-defense before making self-defense judgments. In addition, the impact of personal factors on self-defense judgment was analyzed after the legal attitude, and the attitude toward interpersonal violence, which are personal factors, was also measured. The results showed that the rate of recognition of self-defense was the highest in the type of self-defense for oneself, but the rate of denial of self-defense against state agencies was much higher, indicating the opposite. Furthemore, negative articles on self-defense were found to affect the judgment of self-defense. In addition, it was found that the level of the attitude toward interpersonal violence and legal attitude of individual participants could affect the judgment of self-defense. The general public's judgment process and the factors that affect self-defense judgment may be considered to prevent biased judgment in actual jury trials. Finally, influence, and limitations of this study and suggestions of subsequent study were also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2020

Identifiable victim effect refers to the tendency of greater sympathy and helping behavior to identifiable victims than to abstract, unidentifiable ones. This research tested whether this tendency also affects third-party's punishment and compensation judgments in jury context for public's legal judgments. In addition, through the Identifiable victim effect in such legal judgment, we intended to explain the effect of 'the bill named for victim', putting the victim's real name and identity at the forefront, which is aimed at strengthening the punishment of related crimes by gaining public attention and support. To do so, we conducted experiments with hypothetical traffic accident scenarios that controlled legal components while manipulating victim's identifying information. In experiment 1, each participant read a scenario of an anonymous victim (unidentifiable condition) or a nonanonymous victim that included personal information such as name and age (identifiable condition) and made judgments on the degree of punishment and compensation. The results showed no effect of identifiability on third-party's punishment and compensation judgments, but moderation effect of BJW was obtained in the identifiable condition. That is, those with higher BJW showed greater tendency of punishment and compensation for identifiable victims. In Experiment 2, we compared an anonymous victim (unidentifiable condition) against a well-conducted victim (positive condition) and ill-conducted victim (negative condition) to test the effects of victim's characteristics on punishment for offender and compensation for victims. The results showed lower compensation for an ill-conducted victim than for an anonymous one. In addition, across all conditions except for negative condition, participants made punishment and compensation judgments higher than the average judicial precedents of 10-point presented in the rating scale. This research showed that victim's characteristics other than legal components affects third-party's legal decision making. Furthermore, we interpreted third-party's tendency to impose higher punishment and compensation with effect of 'the bill named for victim' and proposed social and legal discussion for and future research.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-52
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• 2022

In this study, focused group interviews with 24 incumbent judges were conducted on how they conceptualize public opinion and what attitude they take toward it in relation to judicial trials. The contents of the interviews were analyzed through grounded theory and topic modeling (STM). According to the grounded theory results, judges distinguished concepts such as social rules, socially accepted ideas, legal emotion, and public mood from public opinion, and subdivided public opinion into temporary and emotional reactions to specific legal cases and consistent attitudes toward law and policies. In addition, it was found that judges' attitudes toward public opinion and social norms differed depending on the type of cases or legal issues. Topic modeling results significantly corresponded to the grounded theory results. In this model, the effects of the types of cases dedicated to participants on topical prevalence were statistically significant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.235-236
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• 2005

A medical college is faculty which performs frequent experiments and holds lots of seminars for these reasons, this place was designed to exchange its concentration, taking its spatial psychology convenience and its functions into consideration. This space has been built up as the technological and multi-functional space to encourage it to accomplish special functions required by each of facilities, such as the president room, a main center of administration in the medical college, an audience chamber, an attached room, the room for alumni, preventive medicine and Micro biological diseases, a legal medicine lecture room, the room for basic medical science and a conference room.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

This study tested the effect of the verdict category of lay-participation trial in Korea on the legal decision of layperson and the role of representation of 'innocent' in the process. Representation of 'innocent' refers to a psychological threshold for deciding someone's innocence (no fault or sin) in a general sense. The functions as a threshold for a legal decision of 'beyond a reasonable doubt (BRD)' and the individual threshold (IT), regarded as a standard for judgment of guilt established by law and an estimate of an individual's threshold, respectively, were compared. This study used a 2×2 complete factorial design in which the verdict category (guilty/innocent vs. guilty/not guilty) and the defendant's likelihood of guilt (low vs. high) were manipulated. Data from 137 lay-people who voluntarily participated in the online experiment was analyzed. The experiment's procedure was in the order of measuring 'representation of innocent' and the likelihood of guilt of an accused, presenting one of four trial vignettes, and obtaining legal decisions (verdict confidence and estimation of the likelihood of guilt for the defendant). As a result, it was found that the verdict category did not significantly affect the legal decision of layperson. However, the guilty verdict rate of the 'guilty/innocent' condition tended to be higher than those of the 'guilty/not guilty' condition. The layperson's representation of 'innocent' and the verdict category had an interaction effect on the difference between BRD and IT (threshold change) at the significance level of .1. In the 'guilty/innocent' condition, the threshold change varying with layperson's representation of 'innocent' was larger than in the 'guilty/not guilty' condition. In comparing the function of BRD and IT, IT significantly predicted the lay person's legal decision at the significance level of .1 by interacting with the likelihood of guilt for the defendant. Therefore, it could be said that IT was a better threshold estimator than BRD. The implication of this study is that it provided experimental evidence for the effect of the verdict category of lay-participation trial in Korea, which is a problem often raised among lawyers, and suggested logical reasoning and empirical grounds for the psychological mechanism of the possible effect.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.169-191
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• 2021

With the development of artificial intelligence(AI), the jobs of many human experts are threatened, and this also applies to the legal profession. This study attempted to investigate whether AI can actually replace humans in the legal profession, especially the role of judges making final judgments. For this purpose, from the perspective of uniqueness neglect, this study was conducted to confirm the effect of involvement and the severity on acceptance of the judgment made by the AI judge (Experiment 1) and the AI jury (Experiment 2). The involvement was manipulated as if the subject who was sentenced for committing a crime was his or her family (mother, father) or stranger, and the severity was manipulated by the extent of the damage, the perception of the crime, and the number of applied crimes. In Experiment 1, the interactive effect of involvement and severity was found. Specifically, when the involvement was low, the acceptance of AI judges was higher in high severity (vs. low severity). Conversely, when the involvement was high, the acceptance of AI judges was higher in low severity (vs. high severity). The same interactions as in Experiment 1 occurred in Experiment 2. Specifically, when the involvement was low, a larger number of AI jury members were allocated in high severity (vs. low severity). On the other hand, when the involvement was high, the number of AI juries increased in low severity (vs. high severity). This study has implications in that it is the first experimental study in Korea on artificial intelligence legal judgment and that it presents the prospects for the jobs of legal experts.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-87
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• 2020

Judgment and decision-making studies have shown that people are easily influenced and biased by information irrelevant to the object of judgment. There is a great deal of research that indicates that bias exists in the legal judgment scene. One of them is a bias induced by defendants' character evidence. This study examined whether cognitive activities such as discussion, counterfactual thinking, and peer assessment could reduce the bias induced by the character evidece. In Experiment 1, 121 college students were asked to give the percentage they believed the defendant to be guilty. There was no cognitive activity for the control group. There were three different cognitive activities for the experimental group: discussion, counterfactual thinking and discussion, and counterfactual thinking and peer assessment. Results showed reduction in bias for all the experimental groups, and there was no difference between them. In Experiment 2, there were 125 participants from general population for the same procedure as in Experiment 1. Results showed reduction in bias only for the counterfactual thinking and discussion group. In general discussion, we speculated the implication of the results and the reason for the difference between the two experiments.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

Coercive treatment in mental health has undergone an immense period of philosophical and clinical debate and yet it remains as a highly important issue in which ideology and practice contradict each other. this study focused on the perceived coercion of the persons with mental disorder and analyzed how the characteristics of mental disorder(psychiatric symptoms, psycho-social functions, insight, and the degree of awareness on the need for treatment) and experiences in the process of hospitalization (legal status, coercive measures, and procedural justice) can predict perceived coercion. The participants of this study were 302 patients that has been hospitalized in the psychiatric ward within the period of 4 weeks. 195 participants(64.6%) were male and 106(35.1%) participants were female. MAES, BPRS, GAF, Insight, Legal Status, Coercive Measures, and Need for Treatment were measured. Regression analysis was used to analyze how much perceived coercion can be predicted by characteristics of mental disorder such as the patients' BPRS, GAF, insight, and need for treatment. As a result it showed that among the characteristics of mental disorder insight and awareness of the need for treatment were the main predictors and the characteristics of experiences during hospitalization such as procedural justice, coercive measures, and legal status all displayed significant predictability. As well as implications of results in a practical method of intervention to reduce perceived coercion, the paper discussed issues for limitations and future consideration.