• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2021

There are six species of pinnipeds in Korean waters. Because of the lack of research on pinnipeds, it has been difficult to obtain ecological information on each species. All six species have been designated as endangered species, marine protected species, or national monuments by the government, depending on historical records. In this study, the current status of pinnipeds in Korea was investigated through reviewing the literature, and sighting and bycatch records, with the intention of providing new information for the review of the six species. Spotted seals and northern fur seals are well known inhabitants of Korea. The southern part of the East Sea is thought to be the margin of the distribution of Steller sea lions. Sightings of ribbon seals and ringed seals were not confirmed in Korean waters. Sea lions have not been seen since their last sighting on Dokdo in 1951 and are thought to have become extinct after that. It is necessary to delist undistributed or extinct species in Korea from the marine protected species list.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.192-192
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• 2017

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.685-695
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• 2011

Through the analyses of the distribution characteristics and management practices of the wildlife protection areas, this study intends to present basic data for improving the management of protected areas. 1) Based on the aggregate results of the protected areas, the average ratio of the metro-city and provincial areas to the designated protected areas was 1.49%; except for Chungcheongbuk-do (8.83%) and Gyeongsangnam-do (3.43%), most regions showed specified percentages of about 1%, whereby the analysis suggested that the designated protected areas were too small. 2) Considering the fact that most (86.16%) of the wildlife protection areas are in the regions that are of ecological nature level of grade 1, green nature level of grade 8 or better, and of legal conservation regions and districts, it was shown that these reserves are distributed in regions with excellent natural environmental conditions. 3) Designation of protected areas for the protection of wildlife and fish is deemed to be necessary. Although there are 588 wildlife & plant reserves, there are absolutely no designated areas for protecting plant and fish species. 4) Based on the results of an analysis of the current distribution by types, 92.47% of protected areas were concentrated in the mountains, 0.24% in the agricultural lands, and 7.29% distributed in the lakes/rivers/costal areas. 5) As major improvement projects, proposed were: advancement of management systems for protected areas, expanded designation of protected areas, overhaul of managed areas, designation of protected areas for the protection of wild plants and fish, need for management measures for private property and the surrounding areas, need to secure appropriate management personnel and collaboration, locally-adapted management, eco-information-based management, total management of protected areas, etc.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 2003

Some literatures for the avifauna of Baekdudaegan from Jirisan to Deokusan were reviewed. A total of 136 species belong to 45 families, 15 orders was listed. Of which, 132 species were recorded in Jirisan National Park, 63 species were in Hamyang area,46 species were Jangsu area, and 63 species were in Deokyusan National Park. Status of migrants of these birds were classified as follows: 42 species of residents,40 species of summer visitors,31 species of winter visitors, and 23 species of passage migrants. Legal protected birds were listed 23 species including 15 protected species and 14 natural monument species. Of them, only three species, Accipiter soloensis, A. nisus, Falco tinnunculus were widely distributed. And the others, Aix gatericuzata, Perms apivorus, Accipiter gentilis, A. gularis, Buteo logopus, B. buteo, Circus cyaneus, Falco columbarius, Grus vipio, Bubo bubo, Asio otus, Otus scops,0. bakkamoenu, Ninox scutuznta, Strix aluco, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos nanus , Pitta brachyura, Galerida cristnta, Terpsiphone atyocauduta were showed restricted distribution. Therefore, it is considered that careful consideration should be given to these conservation measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze endangered species laws and systems in China from the viewpoint of the importance of protecting biodiversity and to propose suggestions for existing wildlife protection laws in China to improve efficacy. Since the People's Republic of China Wildlife Protection Act was promulgated and enforced in 1988, China has found that urgent amendments are necessary because of neglected management of the act. The content of the Wildlife Protection Act of China is not only monotonous and unsystematic, but also needs modification and supplementation because it is pre-modern and does not meet current demands. In comparison with other countries, the purpose of China's legislation, supervision system, scope of protection and public participation system differ. China's Wildlife Protection Act is also hindered by confusion in the legislative protection system, lack of an administrative compensation system, difficulties in implementation, deterioration of legal efficiency, lack of content and operations, and lack of a list of species that should be is protected. This paper proposes measures for improvement to solve this confusion in the legislative system for the endangered species protection law to establish a legal system suitable for the current situation in China.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.195-216
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• 2002

The flora of Ulleung island was summarized as 975 taxa with 122 families, 465 genus, 762 species, 5 sub-species, 178 varieties, 21 forms, and 9 hybrids. This extent of plant diversity of the island ecosystem was modified from the field surveys by the authors adding the number of 627 taxa; 109 families, 355 genus, 526 species, 2 sub-species, 89 varieties and 10 forms, and Considering the aspects of geographical distribution of the island, the flora showed much closer to the Korean penninsula than that of the Japanese Archipelago. An action plan including intensive conservation and management both for habitat and plant to conserve the island ecosystem should be prepared. The naturalized plants is expanding gradually due to the increase of the tourist. The Ulleung island ecosystem should be conserved as the Protected Area, which is enlarged habitat compared with the present legal conservation actions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.167-185
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to prepare a plan for improving the bird habitat environment of Linear Park. To this end, after grasping the status of bird habitats on the Gyeongchun Line Forest Road, a representative linear park in Seoul, the habitat environment was evaluated and the correlation with the bird habitat was analyzed to derive a plan to improve the habitat environment. The results for correlation between diversity of birds and habitat environment were as follows. For the habitat environment inside the park, the order of positive correlation was in the order of park area (0.92), number of insect species (0.87), green area ratio (0.77), average width of linear park (0.74), Biotope area ratio (0.73), Immigration planted species (0.57). Also, for habitat environment outside the park, the bird diversity was influenced in the order of area outside the park (0.88), green area ratio of the park (0.76). Thus, in order to enhance the diversity of birds found in the park, the bird habitat environment inside the park needs to expand the park area, secure insect diversity, enhance green area ratio and ecological area ratio, expand the width of linear park, and lower the impermeable layer. For the bird habitat environment outside the park, wider area, green area ratio, and forest area of the park influenced on better bird habitation while lower ratio of road space and building-to-land ratio influenced on higher bird diversity. It is necessary to create an environment inhabitable for various species of birds and to make a healthy and pleasant city urban system for co-existence of human and living creatures.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea did not have direct legislation on natural environmental conservation until the early 1970s when the regime was still in the early stage. The Law on Land was enacted in 1977 to provide the legal basis for protecting the natural environment, including land protection, protection zones, and forest formation and protection. The enactment of the Law on Environmental Protection in 1986 made progress on environmental conservation in the DPRK. The constitutional amendment in 1992 stipulated "the preservation and creation of the natural environment as the responsibility of the state." Based on the Framework Law on Environmental Protection, subordinate statutes in various fields were enacted after the1990s. While the committee designated and managed the protected zones in the early days, the Framework Law on Environmental Protection established the ground for the designation of legally protected areas, and the Law on Protection of Scenic Spots and Natural Monuments enacted in 1995, and the Law on Environmental Protection enacted in 2009 provided the details. Furthermore, the types of nature reserves include biosphere reserves, primeval forest reserves, animal reserves, plant reserves, and scenic reserves. The 2nd National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan established in 2007 based on the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) stated 326 protected zones in the DPRK. However, the 2018 United Nations list of Protected Areas shows only 31 registered zones, indicating the need to establish basic information on protected areas in DPRK. This study can provide basic information for a better understanding of the nature conservation system in the DPRK. Considering that environmental protection activities such as protection of endangered species and recovery of environmental pollution are subject to exceptions under the current sanctions against North Korea (UN Security Council, the United States), it will be possible to contribute to identifying possible inter-Korean cooperation projects in the field of the natural environment.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2012

The objectives of the study were to determine fish fauna and compositions during 2010~2011 in Walpyung Conservation Park along with analysis of fish community structures and trophic and tolerance guilds. Total number of species and individuals sampled were 31 and 2667, respectively and dominant species was Zacco platypus (46.6%) and subdominant species was Acheilognathus lanceolatus (8.7%), which were composed of >50% of the total. Total number of Korean endemic species including Microphysogobio yaluensis was 10 and the proportion of the individuals was 8.7%. Also, natural monument No. 454 of Iksookimia choii, which is endangered species and legal protected species, was sampled and the total number of individuals was only three. According to the analysis of fish community structures, species richness index in the mid-stream reach ($M_r$) was 3.145, which is higher than any other stream reaches ($U_r$ and $D_r$). In contrast, the richness index was 2.180 in the up-stream reach ($U_r$), which is minimum among the sampling sites. Species diversity index was 1.785 and 1.975, respectively in the headwater ($U_r$) and mid-stream reach ($M_r$) and the low values in the down-stream reach ($D_r$, 1.660) were due to the influences of pointsource (i.e., road construction) and non-point sources (sporadic agricultural spots). According to analysis of tolerance guilds, the proportion of tolerant species (TS), based on the number of individuals, was composed of 64.2% and sensitive species (SS) was only 3.3%, indicating a predominance of tolerant fishes in the compositions. The proportion of omnivore species (OS), however, was composed of 64.0% and insectivore species (IS) was 29.3%, indicating a predominance of omnivore fishes in the stream. The high proportions of tolerant and omnivore species in this stream indicates that the water quality and physical habitat environments were degradated in this system. For these reasons, especially natural monument and endemic fish species in this region should be protected from the massive constructions and required to provide efficient stream management strategies.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.67-73
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• 2020

The research status of endangered amphibians in Korea was mainly studied the life-cycle and distribution status of species from the 1980s to the early 2000s. Although a relatively diverse range of studies have been conducted on mackerels, studies on habitat prediction, analysis, change and management are insufficient. WEB, which provides biota information using location information in Korea, is a site operated by the National Bio Resource Center under the Ministry of Environment, but there is no information on endangered species and general species information has also been found to be very scantily. For this research, we secured a database of location information of Narrow-mouth frog, an endangered species, by combining literature and field research, and established a system by applying new technologies and open-based platform technologies that can be easily accessed by non-technical personnel of IT among IT technologies. The system was divided into administrator functions and user functions to prevent indiscriminate sharing of information through authentication procedures through user membership of users. The established system was authorized to show the distance between the current location and the location of the Narrow-mouth frog. Considering the ecological characteristics of the Narrow-mouth frog, which is an endangered species, a radius of 500m was marked to determine the habitat range. The system is expected to be applied to the legal system to change existing protected areas, etc. and to select new ones. It is estimated that practical reduction measures can be derived by utilizing the development plan for reviewing the natural environment. In addition, the deployed system has the advantage of being able to apply to a wide variety of endangered species by modifying the information entered.