Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지

Analysis of Fish Community Structures and Guild Compositions in Walpyung Conservation Park

월평공원 생태 보존지역의 어류군집 구조 및 어류길드 특성 분석

  • Jo, Hyun-Kyu (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Ji-Woong (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • An, Kwang-Guk (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
  • 조현규 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과) ;
  • 최지웅 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과) ;
  • 안광국 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과)
  • Received : 2012.01.14
  • Accepted : 2012.07.20
  • Published : 2012.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to determine fish fauna and compositions during 2010~2011 in Walpyung Conservation Park along with analysis of fish community structures and trophic and tolerance guilds. Total number of species and individuals sampled were 31 and 2667, respectively and dominant species was Zacco platypus (46.6%) and subdominant species was Acheilognathus lanceolatus (8.7%), which were composed of >50% of the total. Total number of Korean endemic species including Microphysogobio yaluensis was 10 and the proportion of the individuals was 8.7%. Also, natural monument No. 454 of Iksookimia choii, which is endangered species and legal protected species, was sampled and the total number of individuals was only three. According to the analysis of fish community structures, species richness index in the mid-stream reach ($M_r$) was 3.145, which is higher than any other stream reaches ($U_r$ and $D_r$). In contrast, the richness index was 2.180 in the up-stream reach ($U_r$), which is minimum among the sampling sites. Species diversity index was 1.785 and 1.975, respectively in the headwater ($U_r$) and mid-stream reach ($M_r$) and the low values in the down-stream reach ($D_r$, 1.660) were due to the influences of pointsource (i.e., road construction) and non-point sources (sporadic agricultural spots). According to analysis of tolerance guilds, the proportion of tolerant species (TS), based on the number of individuals, was composed of 64.2% and sensitive species (SS) was only 3.3%, indicating a predominance of tolerant fishes in the compositions. The proportion of omnivore species (OS), however, was composed of 64.0% and insectivore species (IS) was 29.3%, indicating a predominance of omnivore fishes in the stream. The high proportions of tolerant and omnivore species in this stream indicates that the water quality and physical habitat environments were degradated in this system. For these reasons, especially natural monument and endemic fish species in this region should be protected from the massive constructions and required to provide efficient stream management strategies.

본 연구에서는 월평공원 주변의 수생태계 보존을 위해 공원지역을 포함한 갑천의 3개 지점을 선정하여 2010~2011년 동안 총 5회에 걸쳐 어류상, 군집분석 및 길드분석을 실시하였다. 총 31종 2,667개체가 채집되었으며, 전체 어종 중 주요 우점종은 피라미 (Zacco platypus) 46.6% 및 납자루 (Acheilognathus lanceolatus) 8.7%로서 이 두 종은 전체의 50%를 상회하였다. 한국 고유종으로는 돌마자 (Microphysogobio yaluensis)를 포함하여 총 10종이고 개체수 상대풍부도는 8.7%로 나타났다. 또한 법정보호종으로는 천연기념물 454호인 미호종개 (Iksookimia choii) 1종 3개체가 채집되었다. 군집분석 결과에 따르면, 종 풍부도 지수 (species richness index)는 다른 지점에 비해 많은 종이 출현한 중류구간($M_r$)에서 3.145로 높게 나타났으며, 상류구간($U_r$)에서 2.180로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 종 다양도 지수 (species diversity index)는 상류구간($U_r$) 1.785, 중류구간 ($M_r$) 1.975, 하류구간 ($D_r$) 1.660으로 나타나 중 하류 구간에서 유입되는 대전 도심의 점오염원 및 비점오염원에 의한 영향이 분명하게 나타났다. 어류의 내성도 길드 (Tolerance guild) 분석에 따르면, 내성종이 전체 중 64.2%를 차지하였고, 반면, 민감종은 3.3%로 나타나 단연 내성종이 우세하게 나타났다. 섭식 길드 (Trophic guild) 분석 측면에서는 잡식종 (Omnivore species)은 64.0%, 충식종 (Insectivore species)은 29.3%의 구성비를 보여 잡식종 우점현상이 뚜렷했다. 대도심 공원에 다양한 한국 고유종 및 천연기념물이 서식하고 있으므로, 향후 공원이 서식지 보존지역으로 지정되어 관리 보존되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. An, K.G., D.H. Yeom and S.K. Lee. 2001. Rapid bioassessments of Kap stream using the index of biological integrity. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 19(4): 261-269.
  2. An, K.G., J.Y. Lee, D.Y. Bae, J.H. Kim, S.J. Hwang, D.H. Won, J.K. Lee and C.S. Kim. 2006. Ecological assess-ments of aquatic environment using multi-metric model in major nationwide stream watersheds. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality 22(5): 796-804.
  3. An, K.G., J.Y. Shin and S.S. Park. 2002. An evaluation of a river health using the Index of Biological Integrity along with relations to chemical and habitat conditions. Environment International 28(5): 411-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00066-1
  4. Bae, D.Y. and K.G. An. 2006. Stream ecosystem assessments, based on a biological multimetric parameter model and water chemistry analysis. Korean Journal of Limnology 39(2): 198-208.
  5. Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, Second Edition. EPA 841-B-99-002. Office of Water, US EPA. Washington, D.C., USA.
  6. Choi, J.K., H.K. Byeon and H.K. Seok. 2000. Studies on the dynamics of fish community in Wonju stream. Korean Journal of Limnology 33(3): 274-281.
  7. Choi, K.C. 1987. Nature of Chungnam Province. Freshwater fishes. Korea Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Technology, Jeongmun Publishing Co., Korea.
  8. Jeon, S.R. 1980. Studies on the distributions of the Korean freshwater fishes. PhD thesis, Chungang University, Korea.
  9. Karr, J.R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6(6): 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2
  10. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2002. Freshwater fish of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
  11. Kim, J.K. 2007. Basic strategies of stream restoration for three major streams in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Korea River Association, River and Culture 3(4): 31-36.
  12. KLHC (Korea Land and Housing Corporation). 2011. Preliminary study for designations of wetland and ecological landscape conservation area in the region including Walpyung Park and Gap Stream.
  13. Lee, C.L. 2001. Ichthyofauna and fish community from the Gap Stream water system, Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 19(4): 292-301.
  14. Lee, H.Y., C.H. Oh, E.S. Kim, Y.W. Son and K.S. Park. 2010. The vegetation and soil characteristics of urban forest as geological location in Daejeon, Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Ecology 24(5): 566-574.
  15. Lee, J.H. and K.G. An. 2010. Ecological health assessment based on fish assemblages along with total mercury concentrations of Zacco platypus in Miho Stream. Korean Journal of Limnology 43(2): 288-297.
  16. Margalef, R. 1958. Information theory in ecology. General Systems Yearbook 3: 36-71.
  17. MEK(Ministry of Environment, Korea). 2000. Environmental Statistics Almanac. Vol. 13. p. 623.
  18. MEK (Ministry of Environment, Korea). 2006. Researches for integrative assessment methodology of aquatic environments (III): Development of aquatic ecosystem health assessment and evaluation system. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). Incheon, Korea.
  19. MEK (Ministry of Environment, Korea). 2007. Establishment of monitoring network for survey and evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health (III). National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). Incheon, Korea.
  20. MEK (Ministry of Environment, Korea). 2008. Survey and Evaluation of Aquatic Ecosystem Health in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). Incheon, Korea.
  21. Pielou, E.C. 1975. Ecological diversity. John Wiley and Son, Inc., NY.
  22. Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. EPA/444-4-89-001. Office of Water regulations and standards. US EPA. Washington, D.C., USA.
  23. Ryu, B.R. 2007. Present status of three major streams for stream restoration in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Korea River Association, River and Culture 3(4): 37-41.
  24. Sanders, R.E., R.J. Miltner, C.O. Yoder and E.T. Rankin. 1999. The use of external deformities, erosion, lesions, and tumors (DELT anomalies) in fish assemblages for characterizing aquatic resources: a case study of seven Ohio streams, p. 225-248. In: Assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities (Simon, T.P. eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., USA.
  25. Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, USA.
  26. Simpson, E.H. 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688. https://doi.org/10.1038/163688a0
  27. Son, Y.M. and H.B. Song. 2006. Freshwater fishes of Geum River, Korea. Jisung Publishing Co., Seoul, Korea.
  28. Strahler, A.N. 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions of American Geophysical Union 8(6): 913-920.
  29. Wentworth, C.K. 1922. A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. Journal of Geology 30(5): 377-392. https://doi.org/10.1086/622910