• 제목/요약/키워드: Left hand

검색결과 764건 처리시간 0.026초

개심술시 심근보호를 위한 순행성 관관류법과 역행성 관관류법의 비교를 한 실험적 연구 (A Comparison of the Efficacy of Antegrade Cardioplegia Versus Retrograde Right Atrial Cardioplegia for Myocardial Protection During Open Heart Surgery)

  • 유시원
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.17-25
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    • 1988
  • This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacies for myocardial protective effect of retrograde right atrial perfusion [RRAP] of cardioplegia compared with antegrade aortic root perfusion [AARP]. Myocardial distribution of perfusate [using methylene blue] with RRAP was less poor to AARP. Myocardial protective effect was estimated with myocardial temperature and electron microscopy. Cooling protection of right ventricle with RRAP was similar to AARP. On the other hand, cooling protection of left ventricle with RRAP was slight poor to AARP. The electron microscopic ischemic change of right and left ventricle with RRAP was similar to AARP. RRAP was thought to be a good alternative method to perfuse cardioplegia and protect both ventricle.

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직교 주파수 분할 다중(OFDM) 시스템에서 반송파 위상 최적화 기반의 사이드로브 억압 기법 (Sidelobe Suppression Technique in OFDM System Based on Phase Optimization of Subcarriers)

  • 황유모
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제58권11호
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    • pp.2286-2291
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    • 2009
  • We propose a phase optimization technique for sidelobe suppression in OFDM system. The technique is based on idea that phase shift to some of the transmit symbols within the symbol constellation plane can lead to significant sidelobe suppression. The sidelobes are reduced by optimizing using iterative method the phases of some subcarriers on the left and right hand side of the used OFDM spectrum. The proposed technique requires a small amount of side information that needs to be transmitted. Simulation results show that the proposed technique can reduce the sidelobes by significant amount.

Existence Results for an Nonlinear Variable Exponents Anisotropic Elliptic Problems

  • Mokhtar Naceri
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제64권2호
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    • pp.271-286
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    • 2024
  • In this paper, we prove the existence of distributional solutions in the anisotropic Sobolev space $\mathring{W}^{1,\overrightarrow{p}(\cdot)}(\Omega)$ with variable exponents and zero boundary, for a class of variable exponents anisotropic nonlinear elliptic equations having a compound nonlinearity $G(x, u)=\sum_{i=1}^{N}(\left|f\right|+\left|u\right|)^{p_i(x)-1}$ on the right-hand side, such that f is in the variable exponents anisotropic Lebesgue space $L^{\vec{p}({\cdot})}(\Omega)$, where $\vec{p}({\cdot})=(p_1({\cdot}),{\ldots},p_N({\cdot})){\in}(C(\bar{\Omega},]1,+{\infty}[))^N$.

보호좌회전과 보호/비보호 겸용 좌회전 통행특성 차이를 고려한 보호/비보호 겸용 좌회전 적용방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Application of PPLT(Protected/Permitted Left-Turn) Considering the Traffic Characteristics of PLT/PPLT)

  • 남상범;김주현;신언교
    • 한국ITS학회 논문지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.30-44
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    • 2020
  • 기존 논문들처럼 지체시간 감소만으로 PPLT 특성을 반영하여 PPLT의 적용 여부를 판단하는 것은 한계가 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지체시간 외에 통과 좌회전 교통량, 상충위험수를 사용하여 PPLT 적용방안을 제시하였다. 분석결과 좌회전 교통량이 용량 이상이면서 많을수록, 대향 직진 교통량은 용량 미만이면서 적을수록 PPLT 효과가 증가하였다. 그러나 좌회전 교통량이 용량 미만에서는 선행 신호대기 차량들이 비보호로 교차로를 통과하게 되어 지체시간은 일부 감소하지만 전체 통과 좌회전 교통량은 증가하지 않고 상충위험률은 증가하게 된다. 그리고 대향 직진 차로수가 1, 2차로에서는 상충위험수가 유사하지만 3차로 이상이 되면 크게 증가한다. 또한 PLT와 PPLT의 통과 좌회전 교통량 차이는 지체시간 차이와 유사한 패턴을 보이면서 지체시간보다 PPLT 적용 범위가 더 넓고 상충위험수와 연관성이 높게 분석되었다. 따라서 PPLT의 교통류 특성과 상충위험수 등을 고려하기 위해서는 통과 좌회전 교통량이 지체시간보다 유리하다. 즉, PLT와 PPLT의 통과 좌회전 교통량, 지체시간 차이와 대향직진 3차로 이상에서의 상충위험수를 동시에 고려하여 PPLT 적용 여부를 판단하면 지체시간만을 적용해온 기존 방안에 비해 합리적인 방안이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

20세부터 29세까지 한국인 성인 난시 분석 (Analysis of Astigmatism in Korean Adults from 20 to 29 Yesrs Old)

  • 김덕훈;박상열
    • 한국임상보건과학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.1478-1485
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    • 2021
  • Purpose. To analysis of astigmatism in Korean adults from 20 to 29 years old. Methods. From January 2019 to February 2020, one hundred two subjects were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Refractometry. Results. In the type of astigmatism based on refractive error, the male's right eye was 4.26% simple myopic astigmatism and 95.74% complex myopic astigmatism, and the left eye was 2.22% simple myopic astigmatism and 97.78% complex myopic astigmatism. However, in the female's right eye, simple myopic astigmatism was 2.27%, complex myopic astigmatism was 97.73%, and left eye was simple myopic astigmatism was 2.17%, complex myopic astigmatism was 97.83%. The types of astigmatism in men and women similar to other. The mean refractive astigmatism values were -0.922±-0.798 diopter and -0.877±-0.707 diopter for male right and left eye, and -0.765±-0.599 diopter and -0.853±-0.586 diopter for female. On the other hand, the refraction values of the right and left eyes of men and women have statistical significance(p=0.000). The mean power comparative between refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism power were -0.186±-0.745 diopter, -1.091±-0.589 diopter in male and -1.140±-0.593 diopter, -1.140±-0.534 diopter in female. Therefore, the mean power values of the refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism of men and women were statistical significance(p=0.000). At the 0.75 diopter or more, which can have clinical symptoms of astigmatism power, males have 60.86% and 72.09% of the right and left eyes, and females have 47,64% and 60.10% of the right and left eyes. At 0.75 diopter or more, which can have clinical symptoms of corneal astigmatism power, males have 68.75% and 74% of the right and left eyes, and females have 86.50% and 82.35% of the right and left eyes. In the type of astigmatism axis, both men and women had a high frequency of the rule astigmatism. However, men had a high frequency of against-the-rule astigmatism and women showed a high frequency of oblique astigmatism. Conclusions. In this study, the complex myopic astigmatism and with-the rule astigmatism was the most common of all subjects. However, there was a statistical significance between right and left eyes of all subjects. The corneal astigmatism was higher refractive values in both males and females than refractive astigmatism. This study suggests that the analysis of the astigmatism can provide the useful diagnosis information for the correction of visual acuity.

은닉된 손가락 예측이 가능한 실시간 손 포즈 인식 방법 (A Real-time Hand Pose Recognition Method with Hidden Finger Prediction)

  • 나민영;최재인;김태영
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.79-88
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문에서는 키보드나 마우스를 이용하지 않고 손 포즈나 동작으로 직관적인 사용자 인터 페이스를 제공하기 위한 실시간 손 포즈 인식 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 깊이 카메라 입력영상에서 왼손과 오른손의 영역을 분할 및 잡음 보정 후 각 손 영역에 대하여 손 회전각과 손 중심점을 계산한다. 그리고 손 중심점에서 일정간격으로 원을 확장해 나가면서 손 경계 교차점의 중간 지점을 구해 손가락 관절점과 끝점을 검출한다. 마지막으로 앞서 구한 손 정보와 이전 프레임의 손 모델간의 매칭을 수행하여 손 포즈를 인식한 후 다음 프레임을 위하여 손 모델을 갱신한다. 본 방법은 연속된 프레임간의 시간 일관성을 이용하여 이전 프레임의 손 모델 정보를 통하여 은닉된 손가락의 예측이 가능하다. 양손을 사용하여 은닉된 손가락을 가진 다양한 손 포즈에 대해 실험한 결과 제안 방법은 평균 95% 이상의 정확도로 32 fps 이상의 성능을 보였다. 제안 방법은 프리젠테이션, 광고, 교육, 게임 등의 응용분야에서 비접촉식 입력 인터페이스로 사용될 수 있다.

견관절부 외상후 발생된 Shoulder-Hand Syndrome (A Case of the Shoulder-Hand Syndrome Caused by a Crush Injury of the Shoulder)

  • 전재수;이성근;송후빈;김선종;박욱;김성열
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.155-166
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    • 1989
  • Bonica defined, that reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may develop pain, vasomotor abnoramalities, delayed functional recovery, and dystrophic changes on an affected area without major neurologic injury following trauma, surgery or one of several diseased states. This 45 year old male patient had been crushed on his left shoulder by a heavily laden rear car, during his job street cleaning about 10 years ago (1978). At first the pain was localizea only to the site of injury, but with time, it spreaded from the shoulder to the elbow and hand, with swelling. X-ray studies in the local clinic, showed no bone abnormalities of the affected site. During about 10 years following the injury, the had recieved several types of treatments such as nonsteroidal analgesics, steroid injections into the glenoidal cavity (10 times), physical therapy, some oriental herb medicines, and acupuncture over a period of 1~3 months annually. His shoulder pain and it's joint dysfunction persisted with recurrent paroxysmal aggrevation because of being mismanaged or neglected for a sufficiently long period these fore permiting progression of the sympathetic imbalance. On July 14 1988 when he visited our clinic. He complained of burning, aching and had a hyperpathic response or hyperesthesia in touch from the shoulder girdle to the elbow and the hand. Also the skin of the affected area was pale, cold, and there was much sweating of the axilla and palm, but no edema. The shoulder girdle was unable to move due to joint pain with marked weakness. We confirmed skin temperatures $5^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the unaffected axilla, elbow and palm of his hand, and his nails were slightly ridged with lateral arching and some were brittle. On X-ray findings of both the shoulder AP & lateral view, the left humerus and joint area showed diffuse post-traumatic osteoporosis and fibrous ankylozing with an osteoarthritis-like appearance. For evaluating the RSD and it's relief of pain, the left cervical sympathetic ganglion was blocked by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml with normal saline 5 ml (=SGB). After 15 minutes following the SGB, the clinical efficacy of the block by the patients subjective score of pain intensity (=PSSPI), showed a 50% reduction of his shoulder and arm pain, which was burning in quality, and a hyperpathic response against palpation by the examiner. The skin temperatures of the axilla and palm rose to $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ more than those before the SGB. He felt that his left face and upper extremity became warmer than before the SGB, and that he had reduced sweating on his axilla and his palm. Horner's sign was also observed on his face and eyes. But his deep shoulder joint pain was not improved. For the control of the remaining shoulder joint pain, after 45 minutes following the SGB, a somatic sensory block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml mixed with salmon calcitonin, $Tridol^{(R)}$, $Polydyn^{(R)}$ and triamcinolone into the fossa of the acromioclavicular joint region. The clinical effect of the somatic block showed an 80% releif of the deep joint pain by the PSSPI of the joint motion. Both blocks, as the above mentioned, were repeated a total of 28 times respectively, during 6 months, except the steroid was used just 3 times from the start. For maintaining the relieved pain level whilst using both blocks, we prescribed a low dose of clonazepam, prazocin, $Etravil^{(R)}$, codeine, etodolac micronized and antacids over 6 months. The result of the treatments were as follows; 1) The burning, aching and hyperpathic condition which accompanied with vaosmotor and pseudomotor dysfunction, disappeared gradually to almost nothing, within 3 weeks from the starting of the blocks every other day. 2) The joint disability of the affected area was improved little by little within 6 months. 3) The post-traumatic osteoporosis, fibrous ankylosis and marginal sclerosis with a narrowed joint, showed not much improvement on the X-ray findings (on April 25, 1989) 10 months later in the follow-up. 4) Now he has returned to his job as a street cleaner.

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볼링투구동작의 운동역학적 분석(II) (Mechanical Analysis of throw motion in Bowling)

  • 이경일
    • 한국운동역학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.173-191
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was defined efficient throw motion pattern to obtain the quantitative data and to achieve successful bowling through kinetic - kinematic variables on the throw motion. Subject of group composed of three groups : Higher bowlers who are two representative bowlers with 200 average points and one pro-bowler. Middle bowlers who are three common persons with 170 average points. Lower bowler who are three common persons with 150 average points. Motion analysis on throw motion in three groups respectively has been made through three-dimension cinematography using DLT method. Two high-speed video camera at operating 180 frame per secondary. One-way ANOVA has been used to define variable relations. Analyzed result and conclusion are the following : The displacement of back of the hand must have wider difference of each right-left displacement to increase the spin of the ball. In high bowlers group, difference between the front-rear position of back of the hand in case of success and that in case of failure in follow throw is 0.17m. That is to say, momentum in case of success come to increase greatly, compared with that in case of failure. To increase the spin of the ball, the potential difference should be narrower in follow through. In case of the high bowlers, the velocity of the front-rear direction of the back of the hand has been the fastest both in release and follow through, compared with those in other groups, which has contributed to increasing the spin force of the ball. The orders in the resultant velocity of the back of the hand has shown the this : the finger tip$\rightarrow$the back of the hand$\rightarrow$wrist.These orders made the proximal segment support the distal segment. The distal segment has provided the condition to accelerate the velocity. In case of failure, the suddenly increased velocity has caused the failure in the follow through. Acutely flexing the angle of the back of the hand has contributed to lifting to increase the spin of the ball.

스테레오 카메라를 이용한 이동객체의 실시간 추적과 거리 측정 시스템 (Real-time moving object tracking and distance measurement system using stereo camera)

  • 이동석;이동욱;김수동;김태준;유지상
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.366-377
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    • 2009
  • 본 논문에서는 스테레오 카메라로부터 획득된 좌우 영상을 이용하여 3차원 공간좌표(x, y, z)를 획득하고, 이를 이용하여 제어되는 가상공간을 통하여 사용자에게 현실감을 제공하는 실시간 시스템을 구현한다. 일반적으로 관심영역의 변이를 추정할 때 관심영역내의 모든 화소(pixel)의 변이를 추정하지만, 제안한 시스템에서는 관심영역의 2차원 중심좌표(x, y)만을 변이추정에 사용하여 실시간으로 변이를 추정한다. 추정된 변이로부터 깊이정보(depth)를 구하여 관심영역의 3차원 공간좌표를 획득한다. 시스템은 손을 관심영역으로 설정하여 실시간으로 손의 움직임 정보를 획득하고, 가상공간(virtual space)에 적용하여 사용자가 가상공간을 조작할 수 있도록 한다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 실시간 시스템이 150cm 거리(distance) 내에서의 깊이측정 시 0.68cm의 평균오차를 가지고 손동작 인식률은 90%이상 보이는 것을 검증하였다.

펄스자기장 자극에 의한 손의 적혈구 형태학적 변화 (Change in Rouleau Formation of Red Blood Cells by Pulse Magnetic Field Stimulus in the Hand)

  • 황도근
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 2014
  • 최대 0.27 T 세기와 0.102 ms 펄스시간을 가지는 자기장 자극시스템을 이용하여 손에 인가한 후에 생혈액 분석을 통해 말초혈관에 흐르는 적혈구의 형태학적 변화를 조사하였다. 펄스자기장 자극 전 피실험자의 적혈구는 10여개 이상씩 서로 붙어있는 연전형성(連錢形成, rouleau formation)이 일어나서 적혈구의 움직임이 느려졌으나, 손에 10분간 자기장 인가한 후에 연전형성이 되었던 적혈구가 대부분 떨어져서 독립적인 움직임을 보이면서 운동이 활발해졌다. 또한 왼쪽 손에 펄스자기장을 10분 자극한 후에 자극받지 않은 오른쪽 손에서 채혈했을 때에도 연전현상이 똑같이 개선되었다. 이는 혈류흐름에 의해 체내에 모든 적혈구의 연전현상이 개선된 것으로 판단할 수 있다.