• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Korean Gogoon Acupuncture in hypertensive patients. Methods : We measured the blood pressure of 17 patients who were admitted in the Oriental Medical Clinic of Gogoon Institute from 14th April 2006 to 29th August 2006. Eligible participants had systolic blood pressure ${\geq}120$ mmHg or diastolic blood $pressure{\geq}80$ mmHg. Blood pressure and pulse rate measurements were after the patient had been in bed rest for at least 30 min. Six sessions of Gogoon Acupuncture treatment over three weeks were performed in the patients. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured twice before and after each acupuncture treatment. Results : After 3 weeks, there were significant decreases in systolic blood pressure(p=0.0028), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.0111) and pulse rate (p=0.0150). The effects of Gogoon Acupuncture by measuring time on blood pressure were as follows : In a systolic blood pressure (p<.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.0028) was gradually deceased significantly from 1st to 6th but pulse rate was not significantly decreased. Conclusions : Controlled trials investigating the efficacy of Gogoon acupuncture for lowering blood pressure are warranted.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 1986

Pulse current was empolyed to the chromium electroplating bath of self-regulating high speed in the following range of conditions; 10-80$^{\circ}C$, 0-400A/$dm^2$, 10-100KHz. The current efficiency was compared with that of a conventional direct current plating in respect of current density and electrode interdistance. The effect of pulse current was found to increase the current efficiency at least 10-20 percent more than the conventional direct current plating in the high current density more than 100A/$dm^2$ and at 3-4mm of electrode interdistance. The surface appearance was also studied and known to be of great influenced by pulse frequency.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analysis differences of heart rate variability (HRV), body composition, digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI), and electro pulse graph by whether there are some causes of dysmenorrhea or not. Methods: We studied 89 patients who took at least one test among HRV, Body composition, DITI, and electro pulse graph visiting Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from March 1, 2014 to May 7, 2019. Results: There were statistically significant differences in Low frequency (LF), LF norm and High frequency norm (HF norm) of HRV between primary dysmenorrhea patients and secondary dysmenorrhea patients. There were statistically significant differences in Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage of Body composition between two groups. But both BMI were included in normal range. There were no statistically significant difference in DITI results. And there was significant difference of Estimated circulation resistance (ECR) between two groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that hormone imbalance of secondary dysmenorrhea patients can affect HRV results. And because of high ECR, phlegm pathology can be more considered in secondary dysmenorrhea patients. Further study should be conducted to confirm the results of body composition and DITI differences.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2015

A retinal prosthesis is being developed for the restoration of vision in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Determining optimal electrical stimulation parameters for the prosthesis is one of the most important elements for the development of a viable retinal prosthesis. Here, we investigated the effects of different charge-balanced biphasic pulses with regard to their effectiveness in evoking retinal ganglion cell (RGC) responses. Retinal degeneration (rd1) mice were used (n=17). From the ex-vivo retinal preparation, retinal patches were placed ganglion cell layer down onto an $8{\times}8$ multielectrode array (MEA) and RGC responses were recorded while applying electrical stimuli. For asymmetric pulses, 1st phase of the pulse is the same with symmetric pulse but the amplitude of 2nd phase of the pulse is less than $10{\mu}A$ and charge balanced condition is satisfied by lengthening the duration of the pulse. For intensities (or duration) modulation, duration (or amplitude) of the pulse was fixed to $500{\mu}s$($30{\mu}A$), changing the intensities (or duration) from 2 to $60{\mu}A$(60 to $1000{\mu}s$). RGCs were classified as response-positive when PSTH showed multiple (3~4) peaks within 400 ms post stimulus and the number of spikes was at least 30% more than that for the immediate pre-stimulus 400 ms period. RGC responses were well modulated both with anodic and cathodic phase-1st biphasic pulses. Cathodic phase-1st pulses produced significantly better modulation of RGC activity than anodic phase-1st pulses regardless of symmetry of the pulse.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.415-425
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• 2000

In order to obtain the basic data concerning the optimal lasing conditions in using Nd:YAG laser as an adjunctive modality of periodontal therapy of root planing without irreversible structural deterioration of cervical cementum, the author selected 36 human teeth having no cervical abrasion and caries (; 12 anteriors, 12 premolars. 12 molars) extracted due to periodontal diseases, and divided them into 4 groups as Group I, II, III and IV (; each group of 3 anteriors, 3 premolars, 3 molars), and prepared a cementum specimen with thickness of $1.0mm{\pm}0.2mm$ sectioned longitudinally at the middle of mesio-distal thickness (; Group I) or horizontally at 1mm-2mm below the cemento-enamel junction (; Group II, III, IV) from each tooth of each group by low speed diamond wheel saw, and treated them with 0.5 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (; EDTA, pH=7.4) for 2 minutes for elimination of remnants during tooth-sectioning. And the author applied the laser energy from a fiberoptic delivered, free running, pulsed Nd:YAG laser (; wavelength 1064nm. pulse duration $120{\mu}sec$, fiber diameter $320{{\mu}m}$) to cementum surfaces in triplicates of one experiment under the following lasing conditions: 1. stationary mode of fiber in contact to cementum surfaces without air-spray (; Group I )/with air-spray (; Group II), 2. unidirectional moving mode of fiber in contact to cementum surfaces under speed of 3mm-4mm/sec without air-spray (; Group III)/with air-spray (; Group IV), 3. energy per pulse (mJ/pulse) [; energy density ($J/cm^{2}$)] in order of 1.0W/10Hz (100J/pulse); $124J/cm^{2}$, 0.5W/10Hz (50mJ/pulse); $62J/cm^{2}$, 0.4W/10Hz (40mJ/pulse); $50J/cm^{2}$, 0.3W/10Hz (30mJ/pulse); $37J/cm^{2}$, 4. exposure time of 1 second. And the author applied the platinum coating on surfaces of cementum specimens, and evaluated the characteristics of ultrastructural change on surfaces of cementum using the scanning electron microscopy. In general the ultrastructural loss of cervical cementum irradiated under the same lasing condition of laser energy density occurred least in specimens of Group IV. And especially, the ultrastructural loss of cervical cementum irradiated under the laser energy density of $37J/cm^{2}$ almost did not occur in specimens of Group IV. Therefore, it is considered that the pulsed Nd:YAG laser should be applied with the lasing conditions of unidirectional moving mode of fiber in contact to cementum surfaces under speed of 3mm-4mm/sec with air-spray and of laser energy density within $37J/cm^{2}$ as an adjunctive modality of periodontal therapy of root planing without irreversible structural deterioration of cervical cementum.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of interpretation and reproducibility of a pulse analyser (MAXMAC27-Plus). Methods : 38 of 40 volunteers completed the pulse analysis consecutively. Three Korean medical doctors who had at least 2 years of clinical experience interpreted the pulse waves for 3 aspects of size, depth and shape, then inter-rater reliability and crude agreement was obtained. Reinterpretation was done 2 weeks later and intra-rater reliability and crude agreement was obtained. Intra-rater reliability and crude agreement between 1st and 2nd measurement was calculated. Cohen's weighted kappa for size, Cohen's kappa for depth and shape were used as statistical analysis. Results : Inter-rater reliability of size, depth and shape among 3 raters was 0.598, 0.604, and 0.312, respectively, showing moderate to substantial agreement. Average intra-rater reliability between 1st and 2nd interpretation of size, depth and shape was 0.806, 0.705, and 0.638, respectively, showing substantial to almost perfect agreement. However, intra-rater reliability between consecutive measurements of size, depth and shape was 0.221, 0.121, and 0.194, respectively, which showed only poor to fair agreement. Conclusions : Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of one pulse wave showed relatively high concordance. Training by a clinical expert may effect better concordance among raters. Test-retest reliability showed poor agreement. Improvement of measurement technique and device performance will be needed.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.160-175
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• 2015

The echolocation calls of bats can provide useful information about species that are generally difficult to observe in the field. In many cases characteristics of call structure can be used to identify species and also to obtain information about aspects of the bat's ecology. We describe and compare the echolocation call structure of 14 of the 21 bat species found in Korea, for most of which the ecology and behavior are poorly understood. In total, 1,129 pulses were analyzed from 93 echolocation call sequences of 14 species. Analyzed pulses could be classified into three types according to the pulse shape: FM/CF/FM type, FM type and FM/QCF type. Pulse structures of all species were consistent with previous studies, although geographic variation may be indicated in some species. Overall classification rate provided by the canonical discriminant analysis was relatively low. Especially in the genera Myotis and Murina, there are large overlaps in spectral and temporal parameters between species. On the other hand, classification rates for the FM/QCF type species were relatively high. The results show that acoustic monitoring could be a powerful tool for assessing bat activity and distribution in Korea, at least for FM/QCF and FM/CF/FM species.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.782-785
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a novel residual differential pulse-code modulation (RDPCM) coding technique to improve coding efficiency of screen content videos. The proposed method uses a weighted combination of adjacent residues to provide an accurate estimate in RDPCM. The weights are trained in previously coded samples by using an L1 optimization problem with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO). The proposed method achieves BD-rate saving about 3.1% in all-intra coding.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.151-154
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• 2001

In this Paper, a new harmonic imaging technique is proposed and evaluated experimentally. In the proposed method, a weighted chin signal with a hanning window is transmitted. The RF samples obtained on each array element are individually compressed by correlating with the reference signal defined as the 2nd harmonic (2f0) component of a transmitted chirp signal generated in a square-law system. The proposed method uses the compressed 2f0 component to form an image, for which the crosscorrelation term with f0 component should be suppressed below at least -60dB. After experiment, the 6dB pulse width and peak sidelobe level of the compressed 2f0 component were 0.7us and -60dB, respectively. This result shows that the proposed method can successfully eliminate the f0 component with a single transmit-receive event and therefore is more efficient than the conventional pulse inversion (PI) method in terms of frame rate. We also observed that the 2nd harmonic compont starts to decrease for source pressure higher than 210kPa in water, which implies that SNR of the 2nd harmonic imaging using short pulses cnanot be incresed beyond a certain limit.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2003

The One Pass Method (OPM) previously presented for the identification of single input single output systems is used to estimate the parameters of a Decentralized Control System (DCS). The OPM is a linear and therefore a simple estimation method. All of the calculations are performed in one pass, and no initial parameter guess, iteration, or powerful search methods are required. These features are of interest especially when the parameters of multi input-output model are estimated. The benefits of the OPM are revealed by comparing its results against those of two recently published methods based on pulse testing. The comparison is performed using two databases from the literature. These databases include single and multi input-output process transfer functions and relevant disturbances. The closed loop responses of these processes are roughly captured by the previous methods, whereas the OPM gives much more accurate results. If the parameters of a DCS are estimated, the OPM yields the same results in multi or single structure implementation. This is a novel feature, which indicates that the OPM is a convenient and practice method for the parameter estimation of multivariable DCSs.