• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.914-937
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• 2008

This paper suggests the 'growing together' strategy through the instrument of horizontal equalization development fund collected by Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA) governments. This method is a kind of SMA's special grant composed of the real estate related taxes, corporate tax, property-related capital gain tax,. development gain, various charges by 'The Framework Act on the Management of Charges', the sharing of tax revenues. Also the up-zoning and exemption of capital gain tax burden in SMA's plant site sale process is suggested as a another method. Finally governance strategy with contract theories and social agreements point out how mutual duties between two parties can be efficiently managed. Governance system among levels of government is executive strategy that could be used as clarifying and learning tools for co-development by SMA's special grant.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.148-160
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to analyze the tasks on foodservice ․ clinical nutrition service in hospital dietetic departments. A survey of 30 hospital food and nutrition service departments was undertaken and detailed informations were collected from each, including surveys of 176 dietitians and 30 foodservice managers. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/win 6.11 package for descriptive analysis and t-test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : Regarding dietitian's training period, 38.6% dietitians answered that they spent 1~2 years in mastering food service management. 28.4% dietitians replied that they needed 2~3 years in learning clinical nutrition management. It was shown that 48.9% dietitians were engaged in food service management, while 26.7% were engaged in clinical nutrition and 26.7% were engaged in both. The 13 elements of food service management showed low performance level. These elements were food temperature, food intake, menu selection, contaminated substances and serving mistake and reliance on hospital food. These should be controlled with caution. The average score of dietitian's life satisfaction within the work place was 3.42 out of 5. The most dissatisfactory element was physical environment of the workplace. 5 elements for improving nutrition service activities showed low performance level with high importance score. Problem analysis showed low difference score between importance and performance level. Hospitals under contract foodservice management received higher points on clinical nutrition performance(P<.05) than hospitals under self-operated foodservice management.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2004

The Standardization of terms in The Pulse studies(脈學) is a need for development of learning. This study, for the correction of existing misused terms in The Pulse studies, we study on modernly and objectively the terms in The Pulse studies. By a focus of ${\ulcorner}$The Pulse Studies of Bin-Ho(瀕湖脈學)${\lrcorner}$, we studies on the new classification of pulse condition. The error of a existing technical books on Pulse studies begin that the classification of pulse condition is not establish a Standardization. For the correction of existing misused terms in The Pulse studies, we study on the pulse condition is expressed objectively a blood vessel that it is a subject of pulse condition. The expression of blood vessel contain a depth of blood vessel, a speed of pulsation, a curve of blood vessel, thickness of blood vessel, a diameter of blood vessel in expand and contract of blood vessel, a interval in expand and contract of blood vessel, a distinctness on a boundary of blood vessel, a speed of blood flow in blood vessel, a volume of blood flow in blood vessel, a condition of blood in blood vessel, a propelling power of blood vessel. These is standard of the new classification of pulse condition.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.823-830
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• 2022

The risk of project execution increases due to the enlargement and complexity of Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) plant projects. In the fourth industrial revolution era, there is an increasing need to utilize a large amount of data generated during project execution. The design is a key element for the success of the EPC plant project. Although the design cost is about 5% of the total EPC project cost, it is a critical process that affects the entire subsequent process, such as construction, installation, and operation & maintenance (O&M). This study aims to develop a system using machine-learning (ML) techniques to predict risks and support decision-making based on big data generated in an EPC project's design and construction stages. As a result, three main modules were developed: (M1) the design cost estimation module, (M2) the design error check module, and (M3) the change order forecasting module. M1 estimated design cost based on project data such as contract amount, construction period, total design cost, and man-hour (M/H). M2 and M3 are applications for predicting the severity of schedule delay and cost over-run due to design errors and change orders through unstructured text data extracted from engineering documents. A validation test was performed through a case study to verify the model applied to each module. It is expected to improve the risk response capability of EPC contractors in the design and construction stage through this study.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

As facilities and equipments for learning activities in college campuses are handled by mass public, their contact surfaces may function as major routes of cross-infection of microbial pathogens. However, unlike items in cafeteria which is the typical target for campus hygiene, those surfaces are not under regular surveillance or sanitary maintenance. In this study, I made a quantitative comparison of the risk of being exposed to microbial pathogens from use of learning facilities such as classrooms and library to the risk from use of cafeteria, for about 1,500 students in a college. Regarding total coliforms as surrogate model of bacterial pathogens, exposure rates were estimated for each item in learning facilities and cafeterias by devising deterministic exposure algorithms based on bacterial abundance, contract rates and transfer rates. The exposure rate in cafeterias was 1.0 CFU/day while learning facilities imposed the rate of 0.5 CFU/day, which reaches a half of the exposure rate in cafeterias. However, 70% of students were exposed more in learning facilities than cafeteria because individuals had different frequencies in using cafeteria. Based on the results, some human-contact surfaces of learning facilities, including elevator buttons, may require regular sanitary maintenance. An efficient sanitary maintenance considering seasonality in diversity of pathogens involved with cross-infections is suggested besides improvement of personal hygiene among students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.291-302
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• 2020

Korean popular music industry, which is lead by "Idol group", has forsaken their fandom all over the world. Therefore, idol groups has become not only an artist but also the most influential people in the Korean economy. A global idol group with a strong fandom can earn more than a trillion-dollar by attracting their global fan's interest in Korea. In other words, it is considerably important to carry the idol to a successful conclusion. This study tries to expect whether the idols can be survived or not at a certain point after their debut by ANN, Decision Tree, Random Forest. We decide that certain point as the three-year and eight-year after their debut, because it is their break-even point year and the year after their average renewal of the contract. In addition, this study also explains which feature is the most important to their survival by feature importance and Logistic regression. In conclusion, features like the number of idol competitors, the number of debut members and the number of the genre are significant. These results shed light on the efficient management of K-Pop idol to improve industrial competitiveness.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.62-73
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• 2022

Researches on the prediction of domestic apartment sales price have been continuously conducted, but it is not easy to accurately predict apartment prices because various characteristics are compounded. Prior to predicting apartment sales price, the analysis of major factors, influencing on sale prices, is of paramount importance to improve the accuracy of sales price. Therefore, this study aims to analyze what are the factors that affect the apartment sales price in Gwangju, which is currently showing a steady increase rate. With 6 years of Gwangju apartment transaction price and various social factor data, several maching learning techniques such as multiple regression analysis, random forest, and deep artificial neural network algorithms are applied to identify major factors in each model. The performances of each model are compared with RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error), MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and R² (coefficient of determination). The experiment shows that several factors such as 'contract year', 'applicable area', 'certificate of deposit', 'mortgage rate', 'leading index', 'producer price index', 'coincident composite index' are analyzed as main factors, affecting the sales price.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.43-58
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• 2013

This work investigates factors that may affect the choice of real options by ERP project managers. Financial theory suggest that these factors include risk-free interest rate, time to maturity, volatility of net present value, and options exercise price. Other than these factors, we are interested in the exogenous risks related to external uncertainties about technological cost, user learning and consulting, and so forth and we argue these risks should have a significant impact upon the volatility of net present value. To validate these factors empirically, we collected survey questionnaires from ERP project managers in Korea. We find that perceived exogenous risks with regard to ERP projects influence volatility and additionally find that ERP project managers prefer contract options of the project when the volatility of the project is expected to be high. We expect that this work will not only validate theoretical propositions but help project managers consider ERP options strategically based on these factors.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.123-146
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• 2002

Outsourcing is procuring of outside resources, other than core resources for core competence, by a contract, from which a corporate can focus its core resources on core business. The outsourcing strategies of Korea tourist hotel business are in a rudimentary stage, which has been limited in simple work areas such as housekeeping services, room maid services, parking control services, security services, janitor services, laundry services, facility management, shuttle bus services, and sterilization services and their purposes are mainly to retrench a burden of employment or firm-fixed expenses. Therefore, the outsourcing strategies of Korea tourist hotel business have the following problems. First, their outsourcing has introduced only for the purpose of retrenching expenses. Second, it tends to deteriorate service quality, due to lack of pre-training. Third, it tends to concentrate their attentions only on simple repetition works. Fourth, their outsourcing is slow adjusted to the needs of business cultures. Outsourcing services in Korea tourist hotel business have never contributed to their basic concepts such as 1) maintenance or enhancement of core competences, 2) promotion of business efficiency through service quality improvement and expense retrenchment, and 3) achievement or enhancement of competitive advantage through enlarging their specialties, cultivating their market, learning new knowledge, and developing their asset. Therefore, this study is to insist on fife necessity of overcoming simple repetitive service outsourcing in tourist hotel business. In order to build a core competence and/or achieve a competitive advantage, the scopes of outsourcing services should be enlarged in Korea tourist hotel business.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.295-316
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• 2015

This study analyzed the policy making process by finding factors of a back-in phenomenon appeared in contracting out of public library using advocacy coalition framework. The coalitions were divided into 'agreement of direct management', 'opposition of direct management' and 'keep the contract out'. Considering their belief and activity, to share core belief could make a change of secondary belief. It suggests that activating public sphere is necessary for enforcement of their strategies throughout the library policy.