• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2017

Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a potential bio-energy crop that has short life cycle about 90 days and contains high amount of unsaturated fatty acid which is adequate to bio-diesel production. Enhancing environmental stress tolerance is a main issue to increase not only crop productivity but also big mass production. CsRCI2s (Rare Cold Inducible 2) are cold and salt stress related protein that localized at plasma membrane (PM) and assume to be membrane potential regulation factor. These proteins can be divide into C-terminal tail (CsRCI2D/E/F/G) or no-tail group (CsRCI2A/B/C/H). However, function of CsRCI2s are less understood. In this study, physiological responses and functional characterization of CsRCI2s of Camelina under salt stress were analyzed. Full-length CsRCI2s (A/B/E/F) and CsPIP2;1 sequences were confirmed from Camelina genome browser. Physiological investigations were carried out using one- or four-week-old Camelina under NaCl stress with dose and time dependent manner. Transcriptional changes of CsRCI2A/B/E/F and CsPIP2;1 were determined using qRT-PCR in one-week-old Camelina seedlings treated with NaCl. Translational changes of CsRCI2E and CsPIP2;1 were confirmed with western-blot using the antibodies. Water transport activity and membrane potential measurement were observed by cRNA injected Xenopus laevis oocyte. As results, root growth rate and physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and electrolyte leakage showed significant inhibition in 100 and 150 mM NaCl. Transcriptional level of CsPIP2;1 did not changed but CsRCI2s were significantly increased by NaCl concentration, however, no-tail type CsRCI2A and CsRCI2B increased earlier than tail type CsRCI2E and CsRCI2F. Translational changes of CsPIP2;1 was constitutively maintained under NaCl stress. But, accumulation of CsRCI2E significantly increased by NaCl stress. CsPIP2;1 and CsRCI2A/B/E/F co-expressed Xenopus laevis oocyte showed decreased water transport activity as 61.84, 60.30, 62.91 and 76.51 % at CsRCI2A, CsRCI2B, CsRCI2E and CsRCI2F co-expression when compare with single expression of CsPIP2;1, respectively. Moreover, oocyte membrane potential was significantly hyperpolarized by co-expression of CsRCI2s. However, higher hyperpolarized level was observed in tail-type CsRCI2E and CsRCI2F than others, especially, CsRCI2E showed highest level. It means transport of $Na^+$ ion into cell is negatively regulated by expression of CsRCI2s, and, function of C-terminal tail is might be related with $Na^+$ ion influx. In conclusion, accumulation of NaCl-induced CsRCI2 proteins are related with $Na^+$ ion exclusion and prevent water loss by CsPIP2;1 under NaCl stress.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2018

The biopolymer (BP) used in this study is mainly composed of xanthan gum and ${\beta}$-glucan derived from microorganism and has been introduced as a novel material for soil stabilization. However, the broad applicability of BP has been suggested in the field of geotechnical engineering while little information is available about the effects of BP on the vegetation. The goal of this study is to find the BP effects on the growth of Camelina sativa L. (Camelina) under drought condition. For more thorough evaluation of BP effects on the plant growth, we examined not only morphological but also physiological traits and gene expression patterns. After 25 days of drought treatment from germination in the soil amended with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% BP, we observed that the BP concentration was strongly correlated the growth of Camelina. When plants were grown under drought stress, Camelina in 0.5% BP mixture showed better physiological parameters of the leaf stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage and relative water content compared to those in control soil without BP. Plant recovery rate after re-watering was higher and the development of lateral root was lower in BP amended soil. RNA expression of Camelina leaf treated with/without drought for 7 and 10 days showed that aquaporin genes transporting solutes at bio-membrane, CsPIP1;4, 2;1, 2;6 and TIP1;2, 2;1, were induced more in the plants with BP amendment and drought treatment. These results suggest that the soil amended with BP has a positive effect on the transport of nutrients and waters into Camelina by improving water retention in soil under drought condition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.354-364
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• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the potential of inducing salinity stress on cylindrical paper pot tomato seedlings to inhibit overgrowth. Potassium fertilizers, sulfate of potash (K₂SO₄), muriate of potash (KCl), and monopotassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄), were prepared as two solutions of (5 and 10) dS·m^-1 salinity level, respectively, to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth. We also investigated the adaptability and survivability of treated tomato seedlings with high-salinity potassium (10 dS·m^-1 KCl) to harsh environmental conditions (water deficit, low temperature, and storage conditions). Repeated addition of high-salinity level KCl, K₂SO₄, or KH₂PO₄ markedly decreased the dry matter of shoot and root, leaf area, and net assimilate rates (NAR) but increased the stem diameter of seedlings. Among the three sources, the relative growth rate of plant height (RGR_H) was most sensitive to KCl addition; increasing salinity levels of KCl solution decreased the RGR_H of seedlings. The compactness, which directly reflects the stocky growth index, increased in KCl or KH₂PO₄ treatments. After a week's water deficit, severely wilted seedlings were observed in control seedlings (untreated with KCl), but no wilted seedlings were observed in the KCl treated seedlings, and the relative water content (RWC) of the untreated seedlings significantly decreased by 23 %, while that of the pretreated seedlings only decreased by 8 %. The increase in ion leakage of KCl treated seedlings at low temperatures was less than that of untreated seedlings. Furthermore, there was far lower damage proportion on pretreated seedlings at (9, 12, and 15)℃ storage temperatures after 20 days, compared with on unpretreated seedlings. Our results suggest that high-salinity potassium fertilizer, especially KCl, is effective in preventing tomato seedling overgrowth, while it also improves tolerance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.242-254
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• 2003

Most of the studies conducted have investigated the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning on normothermic myocardial ischemia. However, the effect of preconditioning could be attenuated through the use of multidose cold cardioplegia as practiced in contemporary clinical heart surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preconditioning improves postischemic cardiac function in a model of 25℃ moderate hypothermic ischemic heart induced by cold cardioplegia in isolated rat hearts. Material and Method: The isolated Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were randomly assigned to four groups. All hearts were perfused at 37℃ for 20 minutes with Krebs-Henseleit solution before the baseline hemodynamic data were obtained. Group 1 consisted of preconditioned hearts that received 3 minutes of global ischemic preconditioning at 37℃, followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion before 120 minutes of cardioplegic arrest (n=6). Cold (4℃) St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegia solution was infused to induce cardioplegic arrest. Maintaining the heart at 25℃, infusion of the cardioplegia solution was repeated every 20 minutes throughout the 120 minutes of ischemic period. Group 2 consisted of control hearts that underwent no manipulations between the periods of equilibrium and 120 minutes of cardioplegic arrest (n=6). After 2 hours of cardioplegic arrest, Krebs solution was infused and hemodynamic data were obtained for 30 minutes (group 1, 2: cold cardioplegia group). Group 3 received two episodes of ischemic preconditioning before 30 min of 37℃ normothermic ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion (n=6). Group 4 served as ischemic controls for group 3 (group 3, 4: warm ischemia group). Result: Preconditioning did not influence parameters such as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), rate-pressure product (RPP) and left ventricular dp/dt (LV dp/dt) in the cold cardioplegia group. (p=NS) However, preconditioning before warm ischemia attenuated the ischemia induced cardiac dysfunction, improving the LVSP, LVEDP, RPP, and LVdp/dt. Less leakage of CPK and LDH were observed in the ischemic preconditioning group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning improved postischemic cardiac function after warm ischemia, but did not protect cold cardioplegic hearts.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.250-259
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• 2011

This study was conducted to assess the possibility of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DHNQ) as a environmental friendly herbicide candidate. Foliar application of DHNQ showed excellent herbicidal effect to the 3 grasses and 5 broad-leaved weeds. Among them, Digitaria sanguinalis and Solanum nigrum were completely controlled by $250{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of DHNQ with main symptoms of desiccation or burndown within 24 hours. Aeschynomene indica was also sensitive to DHNQ treatment. All of the eight weed species were controlled by 90~100% at a concentration of $1000{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. However, soil application of DHNQ to Digitaria sanguinalis did not show any herbicidal symptoms. DHNQ strongly inhibited KAPAS activities in vitro and the $IC_{50}$ was $4.4{\mu}M$. Cellular leakage from cucumber leaf squares treated with DHNQ increased depending on the concentrations increased from 6.25 to $100{\mu}M$ after 24 hours incubation with or without light. However, chlorophyll loss in cucumber leaf squares was negligible. Biotin supplements significantly rescued the inhibition of germination rate of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds previously inhibited by the DHNQ. According to above results, DHNQ is a good natural herbicide candidate having a new target KAPAS, which is involved in biotin biosynthesis pathway, with environmental friendly.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.242-254
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• 2003

Background: Most of the studies conducted have investigated the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning on normothermic myocardial ischemia. However, the effect of preconditioning could be attenuated through the use of multidose cold cardioplegia as practiced in contemporary clinical heart surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preconditioning improves postischemic cardiac function in a model of $25^{\circ}C$ moderate hypothermic ischemic heart induced by cold cardioplegia in isolated rat hearts. Material and Method: The isolated Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were randomly assigned to four groups All hearts were perfused at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes with Krebs-Henseleit solution before the baseline hemodynamic data were obtained, Group 1 consisted of preconditioned hearts that received 3 minutes of global ischemic preconditioning at 37$^{\circ}C$, followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion before 120 minutes of cardioplegic arrest (n=6). Cold (4$^{\circ}C$) St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegia solution was infused to induce cardioplegic arrest. Maintaining the heart at $25^{\circ}C$, infusion of the cardioplegia solution was repeated every 20 minutes throughout the 120 minutes of ischemic period. Group 2 consisted of control hearts that underwent no manipulations between the periods of equilibrium and 120 minutes of cardioplegic arrest (n=6). After 2 hours of cardioplegic arrest, Krebs solution was infused and hemodynamic data were obtained for 30 minuts (group 1, 2: cold cardioplegia group). Group 3 received two episodes of ischemic preconditioning before 30 min of 37$^{\circ}C$ normothermic ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion (n=6) Group 4 soloed as ischemic controls for group 3 (group 3, 4: warm ischemia group). Result: Preconditioning did not influence parameters such as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), rate-pressure product (RPP) and left ventricular dp/dt (LV dp/dt) in the cold cardioplegia group. (p=NS) However, preconditioning before warm ischemia attenuated the ischemia induced cardiac dysfunction, Improving the LVSP, LVEDP, RPP, and LV dp/dt. Less leakage of CPK and LDH were observed in the ischemic preconditioning group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning improved postischemic cardiac function after warm ischemia, but did not protect cold cardioplegic hearts.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicate fertilizer on growth, physiology and abiotic stress tolerance of Chinese cabbage seedlings. Five silicate concentrations (8, 16, 32, 64, and 128mM) and control (non-treatment) were applied to Chinese cabbage seedlings twice a week. Three weeks after application of silicate treatment, seedlings were used for treating abiotic stresses and were assessed for growth and physiological characteristics. Growth parameters significantly increased in 8, 16, and 32mM treatments except 64 and 128mM. Total root surface area, total root length, and number of root tips increased in 8, 16 and 32mM treatments, but they decreased in treated seedlings with 64 and 128mM of silicate. The highest growth parameters and root morphology were observed in 8mM treatment. As for the effect on the seedling physiology, transpiration rates decreased while stomatal diffusive resistance increased to increasing silicate concentration. The application of silicate reduced the electrical conductivity, heating and chilling injury index at high and low temperatures. Silicate enhanced drought tolerance of Chinese seedlings by delaying the starting time of wilting point. The starting time of wilting point in the control was 3 days after discontinuation of irrigation, while in the 8, 64 and 128mM of silicate treatments were 4 days, and the 16 and 32mM treatments were 5 days. All plants were wilted after 5 days in control without irrigation whereas it showed in 8mM treatment after 6 days, in 16, 32, 64, 128mM treatments after 7 days.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2002

The use of land at the time of investigation of groundwater quality in the rapidly urbanized Bu-chon city is classified into 5 categories based on the change process of land use. The difference in groundwater quality according to the land use and its usage period is tested by non-parametric statistical procedures. The seven constituents of water quality with the highly frequent detection in the area for this study are used for the statistical test. The shallow groundwater quality within the areas of the same land use at the time of investigation varies significantly according to the period of land usage. The concentration of KMnO$_4$consumed and hardness is significantly higher in the old residential area (of more than 20 years old) than in the younger one (of less than 10 years old). The quality of the shallow groundwater is also significantly different among the three categories with the similar period of land usage (of more than 15 years old). The concentration of No$_3$-N, hardness and total solid is significantly higher in the residential area than in the agricultural one (namely, the area used as paddy fields 2 to 5 years ago). The median concentration of these constituents is 2.2 to 3.8 times higher in the residential area than in the agricultural one. The concentration of NO$_3$-N, KMnO$_4$, consumed and Cl is significantly higher in the industrial area than in the agricultural one. The median concentration of these constituents is 5.5 to 18 times higher in the industrial area than in the agricultural one. The concentration of KMnO$_4$consumed is significantly higher in the industrial area than in the residential area. The median concentration of these constituents is 12 times higher in the industrial area than in the residential one. The spatial distribution of shallow groundwater quality in the rapidly urbanized area is closely related to the period of land usage as well as the land use, which is presumed to be attributed to the difference in the concentration and leakage rate of the contaminants leaking from damaged sewer into shallow groundwater.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2015

In this study, divided into small category groups for the residential area it was carried out monitoring for the runoff during precipitation. Based on the results analyzed according to the nonpoint sources Housing leakage characteristics. Analysis of the rainfall runoff and concentration of each type of exclusive detached house with apartments, in the majority of precipitation types runoff concentrations were higher in early. In the case of a difference of two points per runoff rate rainfall it was largely investigation. The average runoff is estimated loadings of BOD $101.1kg/km^2$, SS $232.2kg/km^2$, T-N $18.2kg/km^2$, T-P $2.0kg/km^2$ detached house case, if the apartment was estimated at point BOD $108.82kg/km^2$, SS $329.18kg/km^2$, T-N $57.67kg/km^2$, T-P $4.21kg/km^2$. The average EMCs is BOD BOD 6.6 mg/L, SS 12.8 mg/L, T-N 1.518 mg/L, T-P 0.099 mg/L detached house case, if the apartment was estimated at point BOD 6.3 mg/L, COD 11.2mg/L, SS 14.5 mg/L, T-N 3.1 mg/L, T-P 0.2 mg/L. The initial 30 percentage calculated based on the initial results, the total flow of 30% if the outflow of detached house showed a net percentage difference to T-P 1.04 > T-N 0.97 > BOD 0.90 > SS 0.80. The apartment area showed the percentage difference in the water quality in the order of BOD 1.49 > T-P 1.40 > SS 1.30 > T-N 0.96 per item.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.294-298
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• 1999

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) has been established as a new method for treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. We compared the clinical results of VATS with those of thoracotomy performed during the recent 5 years. Material and Method: We analyzed 126 patients whose medical records were available among the 154 patients who underwent operations for spontaneous pneumothorax from 1992 to 1996. The mean age was 27.1 years(15 to 75 years). 87 patients were operated on by VATS(Group A) and the other 39 by thoracotomy(Group B). The mean follow-up period was 14.7 months. Result: The operation time was shorter in group A than in group B(90.6${\pm}$38.6minutes: 117.2${\pm}$58.9minutes, p<0.05). The duration of postoperative hospital stay was shorter in group A than in group B(6.7${\pm}$4.2: 9.4${\pm}$3.3 days, p<0.05). The amount of analgesics(nalbuphin HCl, ketoprofen) used postoperatively were 2.4${\pm}$2.8 ampules in group A, which is less than the 6.5${\pm}$5.6 ampules in group B(p<0.05). The number of staples used in group A was smaller(2.7${\pm}$1.3 in group A, 1.76${\pm}$1.1 in group B, p<0.05). The duration of chest tube indwelling(4.3${\pm}$4.0 days in group A, and 5.6${\pm}$3.0 days in group B, NS), the recurrence rate(13.8% in group A, 2.6% in group B, NS), and the duration of air leakage(1.3${\pm}$3.3 days in group A, and 1.0${\pm}$2.5days in group B, NS) were not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion: The application of VATS for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax has brought in better clinical results(shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay, less pain, and better cosmetic merits) than the thoracotomy without increasing any morbidity. However no advantages in recurrence rates and duration of postoperative air leakages are revealed.