• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.561-567
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• 2011

상록활엽관목으로서 꽃이 화려하고 관상가치가 높으나 멸종위기 수종인 자생만병초와 원예도입종 만병초 품종을 공시하여 내한성의 기작을 잎 운동과 광합성 활성 등의 생리적 반응을 조사하여 구명하고자 하였으며 다음과 같이 요약된다. 월동 후의 엽소 피해 정도로 측정한 내한성 정도는 자생종인 만병초와 홍만병초에서 도입종보다 크게 높았으며, 도입종 중에서도 'Nova Zembla'에서 가장 낮았고, 'Cynosure'와 'Parker's Pink'는 이보다 다소 높았다. 저온에 의한 엽각의 변화는 자생종과 'Parker's Pink' 품종에서 크게 일어났으며, 'Nova Zembla'와 'Cunningham's White'에서의 변화는 적었다. 저온에 의한 잎말림 현상도 자생종에서 크게 일어났고 도입종은 이들보다 작았으며, 도입종 중에서는 'Parker's Pink'가 다소 컸고 나머지 품종들은 작았다. 자생종의 내한성은 저온에 의한 엽각변화와 잎말림현상이 관여하는 것으로 판단되며, 내한성이 약한 'Parker's Pink'에 있어서는 잎운동 활성과의 관련성이 적어 다른 요인이 관여하고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 내한성이 강한 만병초에서 월동 전 광합성 활성이 높았고 월동 후 광합성활성의 회복이 자생종 및 도입종의 'Cynosure'에서 비교적 빨랐으며, 내한성이 가장 약했던 'Nova Zembla'에서 월동 전 광합성 활성과 월동 후 광합성활성의 회복속도가 가장 낮았다. 기공전도도는 광합성활성과 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 내한성이 강한 자생종에서 월동 후 뿌리로부터 잎으로의 수분이동이 원활하여 엽소현상이 적었고, 월동 후 기공전도도가 가장 낮았고 수분이동에 크게 제한을 받은 'Nova Zembla'에서 엽소현상이 크게 나타난 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로부터 만병초 종에 있어서 월동중의 잎 운동과 월동후의 수분이동 및 광합성에 의해 축적되는 수분스트레스 관련 물질들이 종합적으로 관여하여 엽소현상으로서 나타나는 내한성을 결정하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 1988

acifluorfen이 대두(大豆)와 바랭이의 경엽(莖葉)에서 peroxidase의 활성(活性)에 어떻게 영향(影響)을 미치는가를 구명(究明)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Peroxidase 활성(活性)은 처리농도(處理濃度)가 높을수록 높았으며 처리시기(處理時期)가 늦을수록 낮았다. 2. 1.5부엽기(復葉期)에 처리(處理)했을 때는 신생엽(新生葉)인 2부엽(復葉)의 활성(活性)이 높았으나, 2.5부엽기(復葉期)에 처리(處理)했을 경우는 신생엽(新生葉)인 3부엽(復葉)의 활성(活性)이 오히려 낮았다. 3. 1.5부엽 (復葉) 처리(處理)의 신생엽(新生葉)인 2부엽(復葉)에서의 peroxidase 활성(活性)이 2.5부엽(復葉)의 처리(處理)의 2부엽(復葉)보다 높았다. 4. 모든 처리엽(處理葉)이 necrosis와 leaf burning현상이 나타났지만, 처리(處理) 14日(일) 후(後)에는 거의 정상으로 회부(回復)되었다. 5. 바랭이는 처리(處理) $1{\sim}2$일후(日後) peroxidase 활성(活性)이 현저히 증가하였고, 5 일후(日後)는 급격히 감소하였다. 이는 바랭이가 acifluorfen 처리후(處理後) $3{\sim}7$ 일내(日內)에 모두 고사(枯死)하였기 때문이었다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2004

In this study, we have investigated the natural and puffing combustibility of cigarette brands and the compulsory ash-drop, and analysed factors related to the materials. Cigarette combustibility was greatly affected by the tobacco weight in cigarettes rod. Combustion rate of 4AOR cigarette made by flue-cured tobacco was 5.02 $^{mm}/_{min}\;and\;10\%$ faster than 1BO cigarette. Combustion pattern has interrelation with sugars, chlorine and ash contents among tobacco components. Combustion rate of 4DL, flue-cured tobacco was 55 seconds faster than 1CL tobacco extremely much in sugars contents, and ash drop was maintained at $21\%$ longer. Combustion time and burning rate were fast in cigarette made by expanded tobacco slice and tobacco stem and the formation of ash was poor. The length of puffed ash drop of expanded tobacco slice and tobacco stem were 18.6 mm and 25.2 mm and these forced ash drop length were 3.8 mm and 4.9 mm respectively. Puffed burning rate of general cigarette was $14.3\%$ faster than static burning rate and super slim type cigarettes was $21.3\%$ faster. Combustion rate and ash drop of domestic and foreign cigarette brands were quite different depending on tar level and cigarette types. The lower tar level, the faster combustion rate and the shorter ash drop.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.232-235
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• 1993

We investigated the effect of antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, and sodium azide), which efEectively inhibited the chlorophyll bleaching of Panax ginseng CA Meyer under the high light intensity, treated by folilar wiping on the early stage of photosynthesis and transpiration of ginseng in the 5000 $\mu$mol photon.$m^{-2}$.$s^{-1}$. Ascorbate and glutathione, endogenous antioxidant, completely recovered ginseng from the photoinhibition, but sodium azide, synthetic quencher, showed negative effect. We assumed that endogenous antioxidants could be available to the protection of the leaf-burning phenomenon of ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.483-491
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• 1995

This study examined the relationship among catch-fire, burning, maximum temperature (MT), amount of combustion-heat (ACH), and combustive time (CT) in heating temperature treated with the same amount of each organ of Miscanthus. In the survey sites, about 19％ of the areaswere covered by Miscanthus types, and the dry weight of Miscanthus and debris on the ground were 1,164 and 178 g/㎡, respectively. At 350℃ and 400℃, the rise of temperature by Culm type (culms and ears) and Leaf type (leaves and debris) were 90℃ and 82℃, respectively. At 350℃, durning time (BT) of culms-200, ears-200, ears-200, leaves-200 and debris-200 was 0-10’30”, 0-07’40”, 0-04’20”and 0-02’40”, and that at 400℃ was 0-01’20”, 0-00’50” 0-00’35”and 0-00’30”, respectively. BT was shorter at higher temperatures, and BT of Leaf type was shorter than that of Culm type. The amount of samples consumed was as follows: Culm type (culms-200 and ears-200) was 14.6g and 12.6g more than Leaf type (leaves-200 and debris-200) at 350℃ and 400℃, respectively. The total amount of combustion-heat (TACH) of samples was 5,859.7 kcal. The amount of mean combustion-heat generated from sample at 350℃ and 400℃ differed little: 727.6 kcal (24.9％) at 350℃ and 737.3 kcal (26.0％) at 400℃.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1990

In order to elucidate the mechanism of the leaf-burning disease of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), the relationships between thylakoid membrane peroxidation and chlorophyll bleaching were investigated in comparison with the ones of soybean (Glycine max L). When I measured the rate of lipid peroxidation in the thylakoids of ginseng and soybean by irradiation of light(60 w.m-2), it was identified that, the remarkably lower rate of lipid peroxidation was found in the ginseng thylakoid than the case of soybean. When lipid peroxidation of ginseng thylakoid was induced in the dark, chlorophyll contents of thylakoid was not changed. The results suggest that lipid peroxidation does not affect the chlorophyll bleaching in ginseng thylakoid. Thylakoid membrane peroxidation as well as chlorophyll bleaching was closely related with photosynthetic electron transport. But, according to the quenching experiment active oxygen species induced lipid peroxidation may be different species in the case of chlorophyll bleaching.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 1987

We studied a assay method on the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD Superoxide : superoxide oxidoreductase, EC. 1. 15. 1. 1) activity with photoreduced flavin and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) as superoxide (${O_2}^{-}$) source and detector, respectively. The $\Delta$E (1000 ng SOD$.$$min.)^{-1}$ of photoreduced flavin-NBT system was 0.08, whereas that of xanthine-xanthine-cytochrome system used broadly in experiments was 0.014. Therefore, the new method was regarded more simple and utilizable than xanthine-xanthine cytochrome system method. In the present paper, we also carried out to investigate the SOD activity and isozyme pattern for the parpose of study of leaf-burning disease in ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) leaves.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2013

Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) gas damage on vegetable crops commonly occurs in plastic film houses where relatively large amounts of $NO_3{^-}$ are applied in acid soils. In acid soils, $HNO_2$ can be formed from the $NO_2{^-}$ accumulated during denitrification, and $NO_2$ can be evolved from the chemical self-decomposition of $HNO_2$. In this study, $NO_2$ gas production and its detrimental effects on plants were investigated in soils of various conditions to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the gas production. A silty loam soil was amended with $NO_3{^-}$ (500 mg N $kg^{-1}$) and glucose, and pH and moisture of the soil were adjusted respectively to 5.0 and 34.6% water holding capacity (WHC) with 0.01 M phosphate buffer. The soil was placed in a 0.5-L glass jar with strawberry leaf or $NO_2$ gas absorption badge in air space of the jar, and the jar was incubated at $30^{\circ}C$. After 4-5 days of incubation, dark burning was observed along the outside edge of strawberry leaf and $NO_2$ production was confirmed in the air space of jar. However, when the soil was sterilized, $NO_2$ emission was minimal and any visible damage was not found in strawberry leaf. In the soil where water or $NO_3{^-}$ content was reduced to 17.3% WHC or 250 mg N $kg^{-1}$, $NO_2$ production was greatly reduced and toxicity symptom was not found in strawberry leaf. Also in the soil where glucose was not amended, $NO_2$ production was significantly reduced. In soil with pH of 6.5, $NO_2$ was evolved to the level causing damage to strawberry leaf when the soil conditions were favorable for denitrification. However, compared to the soil of pH 5.0, the $NO_2$ production and its damage to plants were much less serious in pH 6.5. Therefore, the production of $NO_2$ damaging plants might be occurred in acid soils when the conditions are favorable for denitrification.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2005년도 창립30주년기념 추계 학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.3-18
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• 2005

고려인삼 8개 신품종의 특성을 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1) 다경발생율이 연풍은 45%로 가장 높았고, 금품은 7%로 가장 낮았으나, 지상부생육은 금품이 가장 양호 하였고, 연풍이 가장 낮았다. 2) 종자결실율은 금품이 85.4%로 가장 높았으며, 천풍이 69.1%로 가장낮았다. 종자수확량은 연풍이 108.3개로 가장많았고, 천풍이 77.5개로 가장 적었다. 3) 엽소발생율은 천풍이 타품종보다 각년생에서 높았으나 연풍은 다소 낮았다. 4) 뿌리 부위별 무게분포비율에서 동체의 비율이 천풍 등 5품종은 49%-55.9%로 자경재래종 63,1%보다 낮았으나, 지근의 비율은 5개 신품종이 19,3%-23.3%로 자경재래종 13.2% 보다 높았고, 세근은 차이가 없었다. 5) 수량은 연풍>금풍>고풍>천풍=선풍>자경재래증 순으로 연풍이 가장 높았고,동장은 천풍이 8.0cm로 가장 길었으나 연풍이 6.4cm로 가장 짧았다. 적변삼 발생율은 신품종이 0.2-9,5%로 자경재래종 16.3%보다 현저히 낮았다. 6) 천삼의 생출율은 천풍>금풍>고풍>선풍>연풍>청선>자경재래종의 순서로 천풍이 높았으며, 천지삼의 생출율도 같은 경향이었다. 7) 품종별 동체의 단위무게 당 total ginsenosides 함량은 금풍 8.53mg, 연풍8.13mg, 고풍7.47mg로 높았으나, 천풍과 선풍은 각각 5.73mg과 4.87mg로 다소낮았다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1964

As to the up-lnd bamboos, I have reported, in my previous works, that Korea has two species in the genus of Pseudosasa, four in Pleioblastus, and other four in Sasa. In the present work, I dealt with Sasamorpha Purpurascens Nakai var. Borealis Nakai which proved the strongest vitality of all up-land bamboo yet found in various up-lands of Korea, and which might be most important from the utility view-point. This report is chiefly on its procreation. Sasamorpha Purpurascens Nakai var. Borealis Nakai can be found almost everywhere throughout the country, and its leaves and stems are much used in farms in various forms of manufacture. It is also welcomed as the feed for livestocks and as cover plants for aforestation, especially as the excellent means of errosion control on devastated hill sides. It is also widely accepted that it will provide, in the immediate future, abundant sources for the up-land bamboo pulp. As the first phase of my research plan on the subject, I undertook to determine the possible best way of its procreation, for which were included the experiments of inducing the growth of subterranean stems, the entire stand cutting, transplanting, reclaimed planting after burning etc. in order to observe the plant elongation, growing conditon, climatical effect etc. What has been fuond out so far given here as follows: 1) Of the various sections of the country, Mt. Odae area gives out the most excellent Sasamorpha Purpurascens Nakai var. Borealis Nakai(the leaf weight of which is 450 gr.) and Taekwanryong area comes the next class. This species can be transplanted anywhere in the South Korea. 2) The elongation of S.P. Nakai var. Borelais begins at around the middle of May and almost completely stops by the 20th of August. 3) The best studied transplanting season is supposed to be Feb. -April, for those transplanted during that period proved 100% of success. The next best transplanting season may be October. Rain fall does not have so much effect on transplanting as the growing season does. 4) In inducing the subterranean stems, the growing season can be ignored. The root expnsion is most animated during the months of April-June, the most active season for water absorption. Those stems induced during the winter proves more rapid growth. 5) The entire stand cutting shows greater growth than the reclaimed planting after burning and that, the growth is most vigorous during May-July, whereas during the hottest months of Aug-Sept. the growth shows only 5 cm. The new shoots grow slower both in the field of entire stand cutting and in the field of reclaimed planting after burning than in the otherwise fields.