• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2012

A method of hydrodynamic discrete sources is applied for two-dimensional modeling of stepped planing surfaces. The water surface deformations, wetted hull lengths, and pressure distribution are calculated at given hull attitude and Froude number. Pressurized air cavities that improve hydrodynamic performance can also be modeled with the current method. Presented results include validation examples, parametric calculations of a single-step hull, effect of trim tabs, and performance of an infinite series of periodic stepped surfaces. It is shown that transverse steps can lead to higher lift-drag ratio, although at reduced lift capability, in comparison with a stepless hull. Performance of a multi-step configuration is sensitive to the wave pattern between hulls, which depends on Froude number and relative hull spacing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.66-75
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• 2003

This paper reviewed available information/data compiled by various agencies, institutions, and experts, including the academe. The review concentrated on five of the most pressing problems such as air pollution, water pollution, land pollution related to the problem of solid wastes, toxic and hazardous chemical wastes and deforestation. Most of the data presented focused on Metro Manila. Past air monitoring data showed significant exceedances of national air quality guideline values especially for particulates and lead. Many of the country's rivers and lakes have deteriorated, some were declared biologically dead. The acute solid waste problem and the proliferation of toxic and hazardous chemicals have led to the enactment of legislation. Uncontrolled deforestation has taken its toll on the environment and people. Various actions were undertaken by the national administration with the cooperation of other sectors to address environmental problems. However, constraints to the enforcement of environmental laws and programs must be minimized to attain the desired level of environmental protection and management.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.340-356
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• 2021

We have tried the experimental research of lost-wax casting to reconstruct Gilt-Bronze Pensive Bodhisattva; preliminary and reconstruction experiment based on ancient texts. Main object to reconstruct is Korean National Treasure No.83, Gilt-Bronze Pensive Bodhisattva (Maitreya), then we measure alloy ratio and casting method based on the scientific analysis. Other impurities were removed from the base metal components(copper : tin : lead) and their ratio was set to 95.5 : 6.5 : 3 where the ratios for tin and lead were increased by 2.5% each. The piece-mold casting method was used, and piece-mold casting experiments were carried out twice in this study but supplementary research on piece-mold casting was necessary. The microstructure was confirmed to be typical cast microstructure and the component analysis result was similar to that of the prior study. Analysis of the chemical composition is confirmed to copper, tin, lead, and zinc, and the chemical composition of the matrix was 87.8%Cu-7.5%Sn-2.7%Pb-2.1%Zn, and similar to previous experimental research. Also resulted in the detection of small impurity in Zn. Analysis of the mould revealed that the mould was fabricated by adding quartz and organic matter for structural stability, fire resistance, and air permeability. We expect that our research will contribute to provide base data for advanced researches in future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2021

ICAO recommended that airspace monitoring and periodic safety assessments in each Contracting State ensure the stability of the airspace, since reducing the aircraft lateral and vertical separation intervals would rather increase the risk of collision. The target level of safety of the AKARA-FUKUE Corridor at the southern end of Jeju was 247×10^-9. In simple comparison, this means that the risk of an aircraft collision in this area (international safety standards, 5.0×10^-9) is about 50 times higher. The scope of this study is to organize the concept of terms, analyze the air traffic volume, the current status of navigational safety facility usage fees, and investigations of an aircraft collision risk in Jeju southern air corridor. Analyzing government policies and overseas evaluations, revising some of the existing contents, presenting some of the additional contents of new routes, and changing the instrument procedure for Korean-Chinese routes, change of arrive/departure route between Incheon Airport and Shanghai Airport, reduce the risk of aircraft collisions. We hope to restore airspace sovereignty, contribute to policies for the government to take the lead in solving this problem, and expect stability and operational efficiency in air traffic.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.412-422
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• 2000

The polymeric FAB materials of air shower used in clean room of wafer industry have been outgassed with the dynamic headspace (ca.$100^{\circ}C$) for half an hour, and analyzed using GC-MS. The air in the clean room running air shower was sampled using sorbent tube method, and the organic compounds adsorbed in the sorbent tube were extracted using Soxhlet extraction method, and analyzed using GC-MS. The analytical results from FAB materials of air shower (electric over current relay, acryl plate. polycarbonate window, filter, fan housing, steel galvanized cold plate and canvas buffer) indicated that most of chemicals were originated from polymer fragments of FAB materials. Their analytical results have been compared with those from the air of clean room running air shower. These comparative results could lead to identify whether the sources of trace organic contaminants in clean room air are originated from the polymeric FAB material of air shower.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.232-235
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• 2000

Design and experiments of a nondestructive system to inspect deterioration of ACSR-OC (ACSR Outdoor Cross-linked Polyethylene Insulated Wire usually used in HV overhead distribution lines presented in this paper. ACSR-OC conductor built to pollutants air for a long period would be easily progress to corrode so that it may lead to the reduction of the effective cross section area of conductors. A fault diagnosis system consisting of a solenoid sensor, a constant current source with RF frequency signal processing unit and a motor driver/controller designed and implemented. This instrument can dot the sensor output variation due to deterioration corrosion, continuously. As a result, it was shown such corrosion detector can readily be utilized estimating the diameter change due to deterioration overhead distribution lines and in giving an warning or inform before severe aged conductor lead to fail.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2003

To evaluate the clinical findings of the recurrent intussusception, 351 patients with 445 intussusceptions were reviewed. Recurrence rate, pattern of recurrence, reducibility, pathologic lead points (PLP), and operative findings and long term follow up of the multiple recurrences were analyzed. Of 351 patients, 303 had no recurrence, 26 had one recurrence, and 22 had multiple recurrences. Over all recurrence rate was 16.4% ; 18.5% were managed by air reduction, 16.2% by barium reduction and 5.9% by operation. Eleven PLPs were proved operatively and an additional 6 suspected PLPs were depicted radiologically. The most frequent PLP was ileal lymphoid hyperplasia. Intervals between reduction and recurrence were less than 2 weeks in 31 cases, between 2 weeks and 1 year in 55, and more than 1 year in 8. The longest interval was 2 years and 4 months.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.11
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• pp.1675-1678
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• 2018

Methylammonium lead halide ($MAPbI_3$) perovskites are considered as promising materials owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties. However, perovskite materials suffer from degradation in air, which limits their practical applications. Here, we demonstrate successful passivation of the $MAPbI_3$ photodetectors through monochloro-para-xylylene (Parylene-C) deposition. The time-dependent photocurrent characteristics were systematically investigated, and we achieved significantly improved device performance and stability with Parylene-C passivation. Based on the excitation-power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) data, we confirmed that Parylene-C can reduce the carrier losses in $MAPbI_3$, leading to the enhancement of photocurrent and PL in $MAPbI_3$ photodetectors.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.37-50
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• 2022

Due to the syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the subway passenger cabin should be continuously sterilized. However, a disinfectant such as chlorine is toxic and can lead to different issues to human health. In this paper, we introduced a novel disinfectant based on natural product (Dendropanax morbifera extract). Via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS), different compounds from Dendropanax morbifera extract showed antivirus potentials. Antimicrobial experiments confirmed that the air-disinfectant containing Dendropanax morbifera can eliminate harmful microorganisms including Gram (-), Gram (+), and yeast within 5 mins. The as-prepared air-disinfectant also showed high antivirus activity against H1N1, HRV, and EV71. Deodorization test also indicates that the as-prepared air-disinfectant can lower the harmful gas such as ammonia and trimethylamine in the atmosphere. To evaluate the potential of air-disinfectant containing Dendropanax morbifera in practical applications, different safety tests including acute oral toxicity, acute skin irritation, and eye irritation were conducted. Results showed that the as-prepared disinfectant did not negatively affect tested animals during these safety investigations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.313-316
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• 2016

Paratracheal air cysts are a rare entity in which cystic formation occurs adjacent to the trachea. Most patients with paratracheal air cysts are asymptomatic, and the cysts are detected incidentally on chest radiograph or computed tomography (CT) scan. Most symptomatic patients complain of pulmonary symptoms or repeated respiratory infection. Rarely, the air cysts can lead to paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve as a result of direct compression. We report a case of a 59-year-old male patient who presented with voice change, and the cause was identified as paratracheal air cysts on a chest CT scan. Surgical resection via video-assisted mediastinoscopy was performed, and the voice recovered immediately after the operation.