• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.73-77
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• 1994

Lead-acid battery is used widely as a power source at a automobile, industrial machines. folk lifts. U.P.S. etc. Since lead-acid battery is cheaper than any other ones. But this battery has many disadvantages such as heavy, low energy density, environment problem etc. In this article, We introduce potential step methods to investigate corrosion behaviour of positive grids for lead alloyes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.779-783
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 차량용 12 V 납축전지로 주로 사용되는 VRLA (Valve regulated lead acid) 배터리의 충/방전 특성과 노화에 따른 이의 변화를 수학적으로 모델링하였다. 기존에 리튬 이온 배터리의 거동 예측에 주로 이용되어 왔던 수학적 모델링 기법을 상용 70 Ah VRLA 배터리에 적용하였다. 정전류 충/방전에 따른 전압의 변화를 모델링 결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과로부터 사용된 수학적 모델이 납축전지에도 높은 정확도로 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이를 이용하여 납축전지의 노화를 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.177-181
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• 1995

Lead-acid battery is used widely as a power source in the automobile, industrial machines, folk lifts U.P.S etc. But this battery has man\ulcorner disadvantages such as heavy low energy density, environment problem etc. In this paper, we have studied the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of lead-acid battery positive plates with regard to the method of curing. It has been observed that curing conditions strongly influence electrode composition and electrchemical performance.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.187-189
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• 1994

Lead-acid battery is used widely as a power source at a automobile, industrial machines, folk lifts, U.P.S. etc. Since lead-acid battery is cheaper than any other ones. But this battery has many disadvantages such as heavy, low energy density, environment problem etc. In this article, we introduce potential step methods to investigate corrosion behaviour of positive grids for lead alloys.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 1998

Lead-acid battery is being most widely used with secondary battery because of its low price, and long life cycles. But According to using for a long time, its voltage, capacity, and recovery ability is decreased gradually. Therefore there are many papers about improving the property of a lead-acid battery. One of them is to slow down sulfation due to formation of inner PbSO sub(4) by adding inhibitor to electrolyte, however it was not well known what is inhibitor's composition and its role acting on both cathodic and anodic electrode because of its know-how of every country and companies. The purpose of this paper is to study about improvement of property of lead-acid battery by adding one of the inhibitor to H sub(2) SO sub(4) electrolyte.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2013

현재 전기자동차와 신재생에너지전원의 출력안정화에 필수적인 2차전지가 개발되고 있고, 2차전지의 효율적인 운용을 위하여 상태감시 기술과 수명예측 기술이 요구되고 있다. 기존의 2차전지 상태감시 방법으로는 전압과 비중에 의한 충전상태평가 방법 등이 있으나, 이 방법은 온도에 따라 변화되는 전압과 비중의 특성을 고려할 수 없는 한계점을 가지고 있다. 즉, 2차전지의 SOC를 평가하기 위해서는 전지 케이스 내부의 전해액 온도에 따라 달라지는 비중 값을 측정해야 하지만, 대부분의 2차전지는 밀폐형으로 보급되고 있어서 전해액의 상태를 파악하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전지내부의 온도를 보정하는 열전달식을 유도함으로 정확한 SOC평가 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 또한 2차전지의 수명 예측 방법으로는 내부저항 측정 또는 잔존 용량 측정 등의 수명 예측 방법들이 있으나, 충 방전상태와 충전 후 방치시간, 사용 환경 등 여러 가지 요인에 의해 2차전지의 수명을 정확하게 판단하기 어렵다. 따라서 상기의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 $20^{\circ}C$로 환산된 비중 값에 대하여 전지의 충 방전에 대한 비중누적 값을 계산함으로 충 방전 사이클을 판정하는 수명예측 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 상기에서 제시한 알고리즘을 바탕으로 시험 장치를 제작하여 다양한 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과, 기존의 방법에 비하여 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘이 정확한 연축전지의 상태감시 및 수명예측에 대한 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3391-3398
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• 2015

현재 대부분의 도서지역에서는 태양광발전을 효율적으로 운용하기 위하여 대용량 연축전지가 많이 사용되고 있지만, 풍력발전의 도입, 축전지 교체로 인하여 리튬이온전지의 도입이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존에 많이 보급되어 사용되고 있는 연축전지와 리튬이온전지의 장점을 최대한 활용하기 위하여, 연축전지와 리튬이온전지용 하이브리드 BMS 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 즉, 각 전지의 충전상태(state of charge, SOC)를 평가하는 알고리즘과 각 전지의 도입비용과 운용비용에 따른 최적 구성비를 산출하는 하이브리드 운용 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 상기의 알고리즘을 이용하여 다양한 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과, 기존의 충전상태 평가 방법보다 오차율이 개선되어 정확한 충전상태에 대한 결과가 산출되었고, 각 전지의 도입비용과 운용비용이 최소화되는 조건에서 최적구성비를 구하여, 본 논문에서 제안한 하이브리드 BMS 알고리즘의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

This paper describes the design and control of a phase shift full bridge converter with a current doubler, which can be used for the on-board charger for the lead-acid battery of electric forklifts. Unlike the common resistance load, the battery has a large capacitance element and it absorbs the entire converter output ripple current, thereby shortening the battery life and degrading the system efficiency. In this paper a phase shift full bridge converter with a current doubler has been adopted to decrease the output ripple current and the transformer rating of the charger. The charge controller is designed by using the small signal model of the converter, taking into consideration the internal impedance of the battery. The stability and performance of the battery charger is then verified by constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charge experiments using a lead-acid battery bank for an electric forklift.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.631-636
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• 2018

This paper proposed an optimal operation strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with a lithium-ion battery and lead-acid battery for mild hybrid electric vehicles (mild HEVs). The proposed mild HEV system is targeted to mount the electric motor and the battery to a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Because the proposed mild HEV includes the motor and energy storage device of small capacity, the system focuses on low system cost and small size. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to use a lead acid battery which is used for a vehicle. Thus, it is possible to use more energy using HESS with a lithium battery and a lead storage battery. The HESS, which combines the lithium-ion battery and the secondary battery in parallel, can achieve better performance by using the two types of energy storage systems with different characteristics. However, the system requires an operation strategy because accurate and selective control of the batteries for each situation is necessary. In this paper, an optimal operation strategy is proposed considering characteristics of each energy storage system, state-of-charge (SOC), bidirectional converters, the desired output power, and driving conditions in the mild HEV system. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated through several case studies with respect to energy capacity, SOC, battery characteristic, and system efficiency.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2006

Generally, it has been known that positive plate efficiency is the most influential effect on the initial current capacity of lead acid battery. Thus, in this study, we have investigated the curing effect of the positive plate, which is one of the important lead acid battery processes. The curing process of the positive plate is performed either with the separation of each plate with 1mm gap or with no gap of plate. As a result, when there is no interval between each plate, the higher temperature current happened than expected, resulting in the changes in the initial current efficiency of the lead acid battery. The chemical composition and crystal structure of a material coated on the positive plate were identified with XRD and SEM. It was resulted that were only there not a lot of 4BS (tetrabasic-lead sulfate, $4PbO{\cdot}PbSO_4)$ on the plate in case of curing of plates without interval, but a large quantity of $Pb_3O_4$ also formed on the surface. On the other hand, it was observed that 3BS (tribasic-lead sulface, $3PbO{\cdot}PbSO_4{\cdot}H_2O)$ was the main product on the plate in case of typical curing process with some interval. From the initial current capacity test, the positive plate having 3BS was approximately 40% higher in initial current capacity than that having 4BS. It was concluded that 4BS and $Pb_3O_4$ on the plate surface were harmful to the initial current capacity of lead acid battery.