• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1719-1726
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• 2004

Direct drive servovalve(DDV) is a kind of one-stage valve because the main spool valve is directly driven by the DC motor. Since the structure of DDV is simple, it is less expensive, more reliable and offers reduced internal leakage and reduced sensitivity to fluid contamination. However, the flow force effect on the spool motion is significant such that it induces large steady-state error in a step response. If the proportional control gain is increased to reduce the steady-state error, the system becomes unstable. In order to satisfy the system design requirements, the lead-lag controller is designed using the complex method that is one kind of constrained direct search method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.556-558
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• 1999

Lead-selective PVC membrane electrodes based on newly synthesized bis(crown ether)s containing 18-crown-6 moiety was prepared using standard PVC membrane composition. In order to monitor lead in environmental samples by lead sensor, especially good selectivity over alkali and alkaline earth metals has to be obtained. Thus, responses of the PVC membrane prepared with new bis(crown ether)s and Fluka ionophore V (crown ether) base to various cations include lead, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions were investigated for their use as a lead sensor. The polymeric liquid membrane based on trans-1 8-crown-6 ether exhibits the best overall potentiometric performances as a lead-selective electrode in terms of a wide linear dynamic range (between 10-6 and 10-2 M, Pb2+), excellent detection limit (less than 10-6 M) and good durability within limited error. The preferences of lead over other cations, such as Ag+, Hg2+, Na+, Ca2+ and even K+ in the aforementioned electrode are much better than the Fluka ionophore V system.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.59-60
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• 2016

Flooded lead acid batteries are still very popular in the industry because of their low cost as compared to their counterparts. State of Charge (SOC) estimation is of great importance for a flooded lead acid battery to ensure its safe working and to prevent it from over-charging or over-discharging. Different types of Kalman Filters are widely used for SOC estimation of batteries. The values of process and measurement noise covariance of a filter are usually calculated by trial and error method and taken as constant throughout the estimation process. While in practical cases, these values can vary as well depending upon the dynamics of the system. Therefore an Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (AUKF) is introduced in which the values of the process and measurement noise covariance are updated in each iteration based on the residual system error. A comparison of traditional and Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter is presented in the paper. The results show that SOC estimation error by the proposed method is further reduced by 3 % as compared to traditional Unscented Kalman Filter.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2007

This study deals with the TE (Transmission Error) of gear tooth by modifying a profile and lead of a surface of tooth. First, we experimentally confirmed that the TE is a synthesis of the sliding velocity between both gears. Since various types of TE appear in the experiments, we introduced definition of transmission error and the optimism design by modifying a surface parameters. The test stand's performance is then evaluated through a series of multiple torque transmission error tests. Comparisons are made between data recorded before and after the test stand's redesign, and subsequently repeatability studies are performed to verify the veracity of the measured data. Finally, the experimental results are compared to the analytical predictions of two different gear analysis programs.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2014

This paper reports a method to modify the gear tooth profile of a wind turbine gearbox to reduce the noise caused by the impact of the gear teeth. The major causes of tooth impact are the elastic deformation of the gear teeth, shafts, and case of the gearbox under loading, and the fabrication tolerances in gear manufacturing. In this study, the tooth profile was modified considering the elastic deformation of the gear tooth and the tooth lead modification to compensate for tooth interference in the lead direction as a result of shaft deformations. The method was applied to the gearbox of a 2.5MW wind turbine, and the transmission error was characterized before and after modifying the gear teeth. For the modified gear teeth, the transmission error (67.6%) was lower by 17.8%. Additionally, the gear contact stress was reduced by 6.3%, to 22.3%.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.760-763
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• 2005

Optimum design of the tooth surface for the reduction of transmission error is very difficult to determine analytically due to nonlinearity of transmission error under the several load condition. The design of tooth surface that can give a low noise under the various load condition is very important. Therefore, this study proposes the method to determine the optimal lead curve and robust design of the tooth surface by using the response surface method. To do so, the design variables are selected by a screening experiment. Then the fitted regression model Is built with the check of the usefulness of the model. The model with constraints is solved to obtain the optimum values for the lead curve and the robust design fur the tooth surface.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1998

The components with J-lead. which are more integrated and smaller than ones with Gull-wing. are rapidly being used in electronic board such as the PCB, for they have the advantage of occupying a small space compared to the other components. However, the development of inspection system for these new components is not so rapid as component development. Component-inspection with J-lead using vision system is difficult because they are hidden from camera optical axis. X-ray inspection, which has the advantage of inspecting the inside of solder state, is used to J-lead inspection. However. it is high cost and dangerous by leaking out X-ray compared to vision system. Therefore, in this paper, we design vision system suited to J-lead inspection and then propose algorithm which have flexibility in mount and rand error.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.245-271
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• 2023

In this paper we discuss some recovery of H(div)-conforming flux approximations from the equilibrated fluxes of Ainsworth and Oden for quadratic finite element methods of second-order elliptic problems. Combined with the hypercircle method of Prager and Synge, these flux approximations lead to a posteriori error estimators which provide guaranteed upper bounds on the numerical error. Furthermore, we prove some superconvergence results for the flux approximations and asymptotic exactness for the error estimator under proper conditions on the triangulation and the exact solution. The results extend those of the previous paper for linear finite element methods.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2013

서보 시스템에서 마찰과 같은 비선형 요소는 측정이 어려우며, 또한 정확한 예측이 어려워 보상하기가 쉽지 않다. 특히, 2축 안정화 짐벌 시스템에서 마찰은 큰 오차를 발생시켜 최종적으로 제어 성능을 만족시키지 못한다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 관측기 등을 적용한 마찰 보상 연구가 많이 진행되어 왔으나 특정 조건에서만 적용되어 군수 분야에서 정밀도를 요하는 2축 안정화 짐벌 시스템에 적용하는데 제한적이다. 본 논문에서는 가장 일반적이면서 강인성이 입증된 PID 알고리즘을 변형시킨 PI-LEAD 알고리즘을 사용하여 모델링 및 시뮬레이션을 통해 마찰 보상 효과를 입증하고, 실제 2축 안정화 짐벌 시스템에 적용하여 효과를 검증한다. 성능시험을 통해 PI-LEAD 알고리즘이 마찰에 의한 오차를 최소화하여 정밀 서보 시스템에서 요구하는 성능을 만족하는 것을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2002

The characteristics of gear meshing vibration undesgo change as the vibration is transmitted from the gear to the housing. Therefore, vibration transmission characteristics of helical gear systems must be understood before the effective methods of reducing gear noise can be found. In this work, using a helical gear with different lead errors, the gear vibration in the rotational direction and the bearing vibration are measured. The frequency characteristics of gear and bearing vibration are investigated and a comparson is also provided.