• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.89-112
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• 2002

The earliest reports of the use of electrical energy to directly stimulate bone healing seem to be in 1853 from England, the techniques involved the introduction of direct current into the non-united fracture site percutaneously via metallic needles, with subsequent healing of the defect. One endpoint of the periodontal therapy is to generate structure lost by periodontal diseases. Several procedural advances may support regeneration of attachment, however, regeneration of alveolar bone does not occur consistently. Therefore, factors which stimulate bone repair are areas for research in periodontal reconstructive therapy. Effects of cytokines or growth factors on bone repair are examples of such areas. Another one is electrical current which occurs in bone naturally, so that such bone may be particularly susceptible to electrical therapy. The purposes of this study were to observe the effects of electrical stimulation on the normal periodontium, to determine whether the electricity is the useful means for periodontal regeneration or not. Forty rats weighted about 100 gram were used and divided into 4 groups, the first group, there was no electrical stimulation with the connection of electrodes only. In the second group, there was stimulated by the 10 mA during 10 minutes per a day, in the third group was stimulated by the 25 mA , and the fourth by the 50 mA. At 3, 5, 10 and 15 days post-appliance , two rats in each group were serially sacrificed. and the maxillae and the mandible processed to paraffin, and the specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for the light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was the distinct reversal line on the lingual alveolar crest, whereas a little changes in the labial alveolarcrest to the duration and amount of currents. 2. In 50 mA group, the cells were highly concentrated at the apex of anterior teeth, and was observed the necrotic tissue. In posterior root apex, the hypercementosis was appeared, and newly formed cementum layer has been increased continuously with the time. 3. The periodontal ligament fiber and Sharpey's fiber were arranged in order, and the bone trabeculae were increased as the experiment proceeded by, relatively the bone marrows were decreased. 4. In the pulp tissue, the blood vessels were increased with blood congestion in the experimetal specimens remarkably, and the dentinal tubules were obstructed . 5. The osteoblasts in alveolar bone proper had been showed highly activity, and also observed the formation of bone trabeculea. In the conclusion, it was suggested that the electrical stimulation has influence on the periodontium and the pulp tissue. However, there might be the injurious effects.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2015

고분자 복제방법을 이용하여 제조한 폼 형태의 다공성 탄화규소 표면에 수열 합성 방법을 적용하여 ZSM-5를 합성하였다. 다공성 탄화규소 표면으로부터 ZSM-5가 합성될 수 있도록 유도하기 위하여 합성단계에 앞서 탄화규소 표면에 산화 층을 형성하였다. 수열합성 반응은 산화처리 된 다공성 탄화규소와 TEOS, $Al(NO_3){\cdot}9H_2O$ 및 TPAOH를 원료로 사용하여 $150^{\circ}C$에서 7시간 진행하였다. XRD 및 SEM 분석을 통하여 $1{\sim}3{\mu}m$ 크기의 ZSM-5가 다공성 탄화규소 표면에 코팅되어 성장하였음을 확인하였다. BET 분석결과 ZSM-5 합성 후에 $10{\AA}$이하의 미세기공이 급격히 증가하였으며, 비표면적이 $0.83m^2/g$에서 $30.75m^2/g$으로 급격히 증가되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 $Fe(OL)_3$ 전구체가 고온에서 열분해 한 후 산화철 나노입자를 형성하는 메커니즘을 분석하기 위하여 전구체의 온도에 따른 열유속을 측정하였으며, 반응 과정에서 순차적으로 채취한 반응 원액의 TEM 및 교류 자화율을 측정 하였다. $Fe(OL)_3$는 고온에서 OL-chain 두 개가 순차적으로 분리되어 Fe-OL 단량체(monomer)가 되고, 이들이 산화철 나노입자 형성에 기여하게 된다. 또한 산화철 나노입자는 초기 성장 과정에서 ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$ 구조를 갖는 나노입자를 형성하지만, 나노 입자들이 급격히 성장할 때는 공급되는 산소량의 부족으로 인하여 FeO가 형성되어 ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$-FeO의 core-shell 구조를 갖는 나노입자들이 합성된다. 이러한 산화철 나노입자들을 고온에서 장시간 유지시키면 부족한 산소를 점차적으로 보충하여 $Fe_3O_4$ 구조를 갖는 나노입자로 변화한다. 따라서 포화자화량이 높고 공기 중에서 안정한 $Fe_3O_4$ 나노입자는 고온 열분해법을 이용하여 쉽게 제조할 수 있다.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.737-748
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• 1997

Distribution of rhEGF in the skin, plasma and several organ tissues following topical application of $^{125}I-rhEGF$ (0.4${\mu}$Ci) solution in 25% Pluronic F-127 on 154$mm^2$ normal and damaged (burned and stripped) skins of hairless mice was examined. The radioactivity in the stripped skin tissues increased as a function of time, and was 10-20 times higher than that in the normal and burned skins. The fractions of intact drug in the skin tissues were 40-60% for the normal and burned skins, and 60-80% for the stripped skin. It indicates that the stratum corneum layer behaves as a barrier for the dermal penetration of the drug. The radioactivity in the plasma was much higher for the stripped skin than for the normal and burned skins. However, the concentration of intact drug in the stripped skin was comparable to those in the normal and burned skins indicating most severe degradation (or metabolism) of the drug in the stripped skin. As a result, the fraction of intact drug in the plasma was lowest for the stripped skin (<10%). Body organ distribution of the drug was much higher for the stripped skin. The concentration in the stomach. Both in total radioactivity and intact drug, showed more than 10-times higher value than in the other organs (liver, kidney and spleen). The fraction of intact drug in each organ tissue was below 10-20%. And generally lowest for the stripped skin. The lowest fraction of the drug for the stripped skin could not be explained by the activity of the aminopeptidases in the skin since it was lower for the stripped skin than for the normal skin. Thereover, the fraction of intact drug appears to be determined by the balance between dermal uptake and systemic elimination of the drug, for example. The mechanism of dermal uptake of rhEGF was examined by topical applying 200${\mu}$l of 25% Pluronic F-127 solution containing 0.4 ${\mu}$Ci of $^{125}I-rhEGF$ and 0.14${\mu}$Ci of $^{14}C$-inulin (a marker of passive diffusion). The radioactivity of $^{125}I-rhEGF$ at each sampling time point (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8hr) was correlated (p<0.05) with the corresponding radioactivity of $^{14}C$-inulin. It appears to indicate the rhEGF may be uptaken into the skins mainly by the passive diffusion. This hypothesis was supported by the constant specific binding of EGF to the skin homogenates regardless of the skin models. Receptor mediated endocytosis (RME) appears to contribute negligibly, if any, to the overall uptake process.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.666-676
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• 2006

Gangliosides are widely distributed in mammalian cells and play important roles in various functions such as cell differentiation and growth control. In addition, diabetes and obesity cause abnormal development of reproductive processes in a variety of species. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects, and how they are related, are not fully understood. This study examined whether the differential expression of gangliosides is implicated in the abnormal follicular development and uterine architecture of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and db/db diabetic mice. Based upon the mobility on high-performance thin-layer chromatography, mouse ovary consisted of at least five different ganglioside components, mainly gangliosides GM3, GM1, GD1a and GT1b, and diabetic ovary exhibited a significant reduction in ganglioside expression with apparent changes in the major gangliosides. A prominent immunofluorescence microscopy showed a dramatic loss of ganglioside GD1a expression in the primary, secondary and Graafian follicles of STZ-induced and db/db diabetic mice. A significant decrease in ganglioside GD3 expression was also observed in the ovary of db/db mice. In the uterus of STZ-induced diabetic mice, expression of gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was obviously reduced, but gangliosides GM1, GM2 and GD3 expression was increased. In contrast, the uterus of db/db mice showed a significant increase in gangliosides GM1, GD1a and GD3 expression. Taken together, a complex pattern of ganglioside expression was seen in the ovary and uterus of normoglycemic ICR and $db/^+$ mice, and the correspoding tissues in diabetic mice are characterized by appreciable changes of the major ganglioside expression. These results suggest that alterations in ganglioside expression caused by diabetes mellitus may be implicated in abnormal ovarian development and uterine structure.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2003

이 시험은 전복느타리버섯의 재배적 특성을 구명하므로써 우리나라 환경에 적합한 인공재배 기술을 확립하기 위한 기초적인 자료를 얻고자 일련의 시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 공시균주 중 ASI2079가 수량 및 품질면에서 가장 우수하였다. 공시균주들의 재배시험 결과, 톱밥 병재배시 미송톱밥에 첨가제로 미강을 사용했을 때 미강 20%에서 수량이 좋았으며 초발이 소요일수도 빠른 편이었다. 또한 병재배용 용기는 850 ml 병재배가 수량이나 회수율이 좋았으며 균긁기를 하지않은 것이 초발이 소요일수도 빨랐고 수량도 좋았다. 또한 P.P. 봉지를 이용한 전복느타리버섯의 재배 시험 결과, 배지재료는 절단볏짚을 첨가하지 않은 폐면 단용구가 수량이 높았으며, 전복느타리버섯의 재배시기는 여름재배가 가장 적정하다고 생각된다. 자동화와 원활한 유통을 목적으로 할 때는 병재배를 하는것이 좋고 일반 느타리 재배사에서 재배시에는 봉지재배가 유리하다고 생각된다. 따라서 본 전복느타리버섯 재배 시험결과는 고온기 버섯 재배가 가능하여 버섯 연중재배에 기여할 것으로 본다.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.702-707
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• 2014

각막 내피세포는 각막 가장 안쪽의 단일 세포층이며, 데스메막 위에 놓여있다. 데스메막은 피브로넥틴, 콜라겐, 라미닌, 단백당 등의 포함하는 세포외 기질이라 불리는 다양한 단백질들로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에서, 조직공학에서 널리 이용되고 있는 락타이드 글리콜라이드 공중합체를 이용하여 투명한 필름을 제작하였으며, 표면에 다양한 부착 분자들(피브로넥틴, 콜라겐 타입 I, IV, 라미닌, FNC 코팅 믹스)을 코팅한 후, 세포 형태 관찰, 세포 증식 및 부착, ZO-1과 $Na^+/K^+-ATPase$의 발현을 확인하였으며, RT-PCR을 통해 각막 내피세포의 인자들을 확인하였다. 실험결과, in vitro 상에서 PLGA 필름은 각막내피세포 전달체로서 역할을 하며 코팅된 세포외 기질들은 각막 내피세포의 거동에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 1993

Panax ginseng has been extensively used in the traditional oriental medicine as a restorative, tonic and Prophylactic agent. Recently, several reports regarding to anticancer effects of Panax ginseng has accumulated. These studies emphasized the fact that the anticancer activities might be due to a glycoside group called ginsenoside or pan.u saponin which has a water soluble characteristic. However, the authors and collaborates demonstrated that a highly lipid soluble component in extract of Panax ginseng roots contains a considerable cytotoxic activities against marine leukemic cells (L1210, P388) and human censer cells (HRT-18, HT-29, HCT48). This study was devised to observe the cytotoxic activities of Petroleum-ether extract of Panax giuseng roots (crude GBD and its Partially Purified fraction from silicic acid column chromatography (7 : 3 GX) against sarcoma-180 (5-180) and Walker carcinosar- coma 256 (Walker 256) in vivo, and murine leukemic Lymphocytes (L1210) and human rectal cancer cells (HRT-18) and human colon cancer cells (HT-29 and HCT48) in vitro. Each cell-line was cultured in medium containing serial concentration of the crude GX or 7 : 3 GX in vitro. A highly lipid soluble compound in the extract of Panax ginseng root was cytocidal to murine leukemic cells and human colon and rectal cancer cells in vitro. In the meantime, ginseng saponin derivatives did not have cytotoxic effects at its corresponding concentration. The growth rates of the cancer cells in medium containing ginseng extracts were inhibited gradually to a significant degree roughly in proportion to the increase of the extract concentration. The cytotoxic activity of 7 : 3 GX was about 3 times more potent than that of crude GX, one unit of cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells being equivalent to 2.54 Ug and 058 Ug for the crude GX and 7 : 3 GX, respectively. The Ri value of the active compound on silica- gel thin layer chromatography with petroleum-ether/ethyl ether/acetic acid mixture (90 : 10 : 1, v/v/v) as a developing so lvent was 053. While, the Panaxydol and Panaxynol as active compounds were purified from Petroleum-ether extract of Panax ginseng root by Drs. Ahn and Kim, and author found out that the one unit of cytotoxic activity of the Panaxydol and Panaxynol against L1210 cells being equivalent to 056 Ug and 0.3918 respectively. The survival times of mice inoculated with S-180 cells were extended about 1.5 to 2 times by the 7 : 3 GX treatment compared with their control group. The significantly decreased hemoglobin values of rats after inoculation with Walker 256 were recovered to normal range by oral administration of the crude Gt The synthetic levels of protein, DNA and RNA in human colon and rectal cancer cells were significantly diminished by treatment with the crude GX, which can explain a part of the origin of its anticancer activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2017

Background: Endophytic fungi play an important role in balancing the ecosystem and boosting host growth. In the present study, we investigated the endophytic fungal diversity of healthy Panax notoginseng and evaluated its potential antimicrobial activity against five major phytopathogens causing root-rot of P. notoginseng. Methods: A culture-dependent technique, combining morphological and molecular methods, was used to analyze endophytic fungal diversity. A double-layer agar technique was used to challenge the phytopathogens of P. notoginseng. Results: A total of 89 fungi were obtained from the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of P. notoginseng, and 41 isolates representing different morphotypes were selected for taxonomic characterization. The fungal isolates belonged to Ascomycota (96.6%) and Zygomycota (3.4%). All isolates were classified to 23 genera and an unknown taxon belonging to Sordariomycetes. The number of isolates obtained from different tissues ranged from 12 to 42 for leaves and roots, respectively. The selected endophytic fungal isolates were challenged by the root-rot pathogens Alternaria panax, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phoma herbarum, and Mycocentrospora acerina. Twenty-six of the 41 isolates (63.4%) exhibited activity against at least one of the pathogens tested. Conclusion: Our results suggested that P. notoginseng harbors diversified endophytic fungi that would provide a basis for the identification of new bioactive compounds, and for effective biocontrol of notoginseng root rot.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The concentration of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) gas in the ambient air appears increasing in the industry and urban area day by day. It was known that $SO_2$ is noxious gas. $SO_2$ can be irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, upper respiratory tract and skin. It produces sulfurous acid on contact with water and is extremely irritating to the nasopharynx and respiratory tract. Laminin is a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins localized in the basement membrane that separates epithelial cells from the underlying stroma. The biological activities of laminin are to promote cell migration, wound healing, growth and differentiation. Meterials and Methods : The histologic changes and the expression of laminin in tracheal mucosa sacrificed at every weeks (to 7 weeks) after continued $SO_2$ exposure of 250ppm for 30 minutes a day were studied in rats. Results : Pathologic tissue was formed at the tracheal mucosa and the underlying tissue by the infiltration of monocytes and epithelium was transformed to the single cell layered epithelium above 5 weeks after exposure. At the 6 weeks after exposure, epithelial cells were partially lost and epithelial cell layer was transformed to be leaf-shaped. Submucosal tissue was transformed to be lymphatic tissue. An intense positive staining for laminin was found in apical cytoplasm and lateral surface of the normal epithelial cells and basement membrane but at the 5 and 6 weeks after exposure, laminin activity was decreased to the moderate activity. At the 7 weeks after exposure, laminin activity was decreased to the weak activity. Conclusion : Our finding suggests that $SO_2$ makes histologic damage on the tracheal mucosa and decreases immunoreactivity for laminin. Longer duration of the exposure of $SO_2$ makes more histologic damage on the tracheal mucosa and decreases immunoreactivity for laminin.