• 동양고전연구
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• 제54호
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• pp.349-386
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• 2014

노주(老洲) 오희상(吳熙常)(1763-1833)은 18세기 후반기부터 19세기 전반에 걸쳐 홍직필(洪直弼)과 더불어 당시 기호 낙론을 대표하는 산림학자이다. 그는 율곡(栗谷)으로부터 비롯되는 기호학파의 학설을 충실히 계승하는 한편, 김창협(金昌協)으로부터 연원하는 낙학의 이론적 입장을 보다 명확히 하면서 낙론의 종지를 확고히 하였다. 호락논쟁의 연장선상에서 호론(湖論)에 대한 비판적 견해를 제시하는 것은 물론, 18세기 중반 이후 낙론 내부에서 제기된 이설(異說)에 대해 비판적 견해를 제시하며 낙론의 학문적 입장을 굳건히 하고자 하였다. 본고에서는 오희상의 성리설을 사상사적인 맥락을 중심으로 그 내용과 위상을 확인하고, 그의 학문 활동이 주로 호락논쟁의 연장선상에서 놓여 있었던 만큼 그의 호론에 대한 비판적 견해에 유의하면서 그의 성리설 체계를 고찰하였다. 그가 가졌던 문제의식의 중심에는 인간 도덕성 실현을 위한 현실적 근거의 체계화가 자리하고 있다. 인간의 순선한 도덕성의 실재성과 이의 구체적인 실천을 정초하기 위해 세계 구성과 도덕의 실천을 리기론적으로 해명하고자 하였다. 그는 특히 도덕 실천의 근거로서 리의 순선성과 실재성을 확인하고, 그것의 현실적 실현을 위한 주체의 정초를 위해 리기 관계의 상함성에 주목하였다. 그가 심성에 대한 리기론적 이해를 통해 심성의 논리적 관계와 가치적 측면에 대한 해명을 제시한 것은 순선한 도덕성의 현실적 기반 구축과 이것의 실현, 즉 수양의 체계를 수립하는 데로 이어졌다. 따라서 오희상의 논의는 적어도 원리적 차원에서 만큼은 순선한 도덕성의 실재성과 본선한 도덕 주체의 확립을 이끌어 내고자 하는 방향이었으며, 현실적 측면에서도 이를 담보하고자 하는 방향으로 나갔다고 평가할 수 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2007

Buddhist paintings in the late Joseon dynasty are characterized by diversification and subdivision of subject matters. Buddhist paintings rapidly declined since 19th century, being miniaturized and showing complicated composition. Figures that identified the shape of shoes in Buddhist paintings of late Joseon dynasty included sacheonwang that were placed in the left and right bottom of Buddhist paintings, sinjung, gwiwang and pan-gwan of siwangtaeng. Sacheonwang, an Indian folk god, was depicted as a noble person in "ahamgyeong", an early sutra, but was depicted as an armored warrior in Mahayana Buddhism world. The style of shoes sacheonwang in Korea were different depending on the times. The shoes of the sacheonwang sculpture in Seogguram of Shilla dynasty are sandal type. The sacheonwang that was drawn on Jijangbosaldo in Goryeo dynasty wears non-showy armor and red yi(履). The sacheonwang that was expressed on Buddhist paintings in Joseon dynasty wears showy armor and decorated hwa. Comparing the yi of Goryeo Jijangbosaldo sacheonwang with the yi of Bodhisattva on the Dunhuang yeolbanbyeonsangdo, Jijangbosaldo sacheonwang's shoes are Korean style in which the sole is flat and the front part has no decoration, but in the shoes of Bodhisattva on the Dunhuang yeolbanbyeonsangdo the sole is not flat, the front part is lifted. The style of shoes of pan-gwan, who is depicted on Siwangtaeng, is hwa. However, unlike the decorative hwa of sacheonwang, its front is not lifted and it has no decoration. It is assumed that the shoes of sacheonwang or pan-gwan represented obangsaek based on the idea of eumyang-ohaeng. Depiction of shoes shown in Buddhist paintings reflected the phases of the social life. In addition, the sandals of Shilla sacheonwang implies that sourthern culture in addition to Buddhism was introduced. Having expressed the shoes of Goryeo sacheonwang with conventional yi implies that Buddhism governed the inner world of the people, and the shape and material of the shoes reveals aristocracy. It is assumed that that an armored warrior wore yi, not hwa implies that the then society was stable. Also, it is assumed that that the shoes of sacheonwang on Buddhist paintings in Joseon dynasty were hwa implies that the role of tutelary god was stressed in the disordered society.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

본 연구는 옥호정과 석파정을 대상으로 두 정원의 특성을 규명하기 위해 조영 배경과 공간구성, 정원구성요소를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 옥호정과 석파정은 조선 후기 권력가의 정원으로 정치적 기반 및 부의 축적을 통해 당대의 고급 기술과 자본이 투여되어 창출된 정원문화를 현실화할 수 있었다. 또한 단순 상위계층의 정원문화가 투영된 각각의 정원이 아니라 옥호정이 석파정의 조영에 관련 있었음을 조영자 간의 관계분석을 통하여 짐작할 수 있다. 둘째, 옥호정과 석파정의 공간구성은 생활공간을 중심으로 각각의 작은 정원공간이 정자 단위로 분화된 공간 구성으로 분절된 집산적 형태를 나타내고 있다. 정원공간은 정자의 경영을 통하여 해당 지역의 경관에 대한 주제를 부여하였으며, 식재 및 단의 처리로 경계를 설정하고 계절별 경관의 다양화를 통해 단위 공간 내 다양한 원예 요소를 도입하는 등 각 공간에 장소성의 부여가 시도되었다. 셋째, 옥호정의 공간구성을 도식화하고 이를 석파정과 비교분석한 결과, 옥호정의 조영특성 대부분이 석파정에서 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 석파정의 정원이 옥호정의 공간구성기법을 그대로 수용하거나 조성 과정에서 변용되는 등 정원의 구성기법이 반영되었다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 조선 후기 화훼에 관한 취미는 단순한 애호의 차원을 넘어 벽의 단계로까지 접어든 경우가 적지 않다. 옥호정과 석파정에서는 당시 진귀하게 여겨지는 기화요초 및 수반, 석상, 괴석, 분재, 석가산, 등나무 시렁 등 다양한 정원소재들이 정원구성요소로서 각 공간에 다양하게 사용되고 있는 공통적인 특징을 보이고 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2013

이 논문은 현재 단절되어 있는 도시 재생과 도시공원의 역사를 연계하여, 그 안에서 도시 공원이 경제적 기여를 했던 사례를 찾아내고, 더불어 도시공원이 가진 도시 재생 매체로서의 가능성을 역설함을 목적으로 한다. 19세기부터 오늘날에 이르기까지의 시기를 총 5개로 구분하였으며, 그중 2단계는도시화, 3단계는 도시 재생 시기를 아우른다(1940s~1960s, late 1960s~1970s, 1980s~present). 도시화 단계에서의 도시 공원은 도시 계획에 있어 정치, 경제적 지배력을 가진 요소였으나, 뒤이은 대공황과 세계 2차 대전을 거치면서 고용을 증대하기 위한 경기부양책으로 이용되기도 한다. 전후 도시 재생시대의 첫번째 단계에서 발견된 도시 공원은 도시의 매력적인 요소로서 인구와 산업을 유인하는 역할을 하게 된다. 두 번째 시대에는 정부 예산의 부족에서 비롯된 자발적 커뮤니티 오픈 스페이스가 증가하게 되는데, 이도 궁극적으로는 인근 주거지역의 이미지를 쇄신시켜 개발을 촉진시키게 된다. 마지막 단계에서 찾은 도시 공원 형태도 첫번째 시대에서와 마찬가지 역할을 하게 되나, 국제화 시대의 요구에 따라 글로벌 인재와 국제 기업을 유치하는데 기여한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.878-890
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• 2008

As a pioneer of modem dance, $Lo{\ddot{i}}e$ Fuller($1869\sim1928$) was important because she introduced a free style dance using a new style of stage costumes. Also, $Lo{\ddot{i}}e$ Fuller was an important motif in $fin-de-si{\grave{e}}cle$, French arts, posters, sculptures, and so forth. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of Fuller's dance and costumes, and to analyze the modernism in both. To better understand Fuller's dance, this article talks about research on Fuller's career, dance, and Fuller's own biography. Stage costumes, letters for patent, and photographs were are also studied. The most important elements of Fuller's dance were her costumes and the electric lights which could make free style expressions a fantastic representation of dance. To clarify the modernity of Fuller's dance, first of all, this study researched Fuller's career in dance and then analyzed representations of Fuller's dances in visual arts; posters, sculptures and lastly, the characteristics of Fuller's stage costumes. As a result, this article analyzed characteristics of Fuller's dance in three points. First, Fuller used sculptures of silk cloth's drapery to express physical movements and actions. Second, Fuller used lighting and electrical effects that had just been developed in the late 19th Century. Third, Fuller made an application for patents against stage costume and stage mechanisms for her original shows. This study focused on $Lo{\ddot{i}}e$ Fuller's stage costumes which played a main role in expressing fantastic sculptures for the first time in costume, visual arts, and dance studies. This study clarifies the characteristics of the stage costumes in Fuller's dance and is estimated as pioneering and fundamental research.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Objectives : Ge Songping(戈頌平) was a medical doctor in Qing Dynasty during the late $19^{th}$ century who annotated the original texts of four medical classics and wrote Suwenzhigui (素問指歸), Shanghanzhigui(傷寒指歸), Jinkuizhigui(金匱指歸), and Shennongbencaojingzhigui (神農本草經指歸). This paper's objective is to compile information about his writings, and shed a light on the unique characteristic of his scholarly works. Methods : Information regarding Ge Songping's life has been gathered through existing research papers and the sources revealed in the introduction. His works were divided into different formal characters as listed in part of the introduction and in the table of contents. Contents related to Yinyang(陰陽) found in Suwenzhigui were studied in order to discover his unique scholastic character. After selecting and analyzing three texts related to Yinyang, some characteristic terms and emphasized contents were studied. Results : The review yielded knowledge about Ge Songping's life, the times of his publications, the meanings of the names of his books, and basic information abou them. In terms of his scholarstic works, he used the ideas he gained from Shanghanlun(傷寒論) to form his medical theory, and used this to write annotations for four types of medical classics. The features of his theory of Yinyang can be divided into four categories. First, he coined the term Qiye(氣液) to bring contrast between yinyang as yinye(陰液) and yangqi(陽氣). Second, he shaped the temporal and spatial structure of the circulation of yinyang based on Shierdizhi(十二地支). Third, he explained the relationship between yin and yang while mainly focused on yangqi. Fourth, he explained the physiology and pathology mechanisms while focused on the circulation of ascending and descending and the idea of mutual beneficiary.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 DDC가 당시 도서관 장서의 급속한 증가 문제를 해결하기 위해 도서관 최초로 상관식 배가법을 도입하고 세분화된 분류체계를 적용한 것이 도서관계에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 DDC가 상관식 배가법을 도입하고, 분류체계를 세분화하여, 도서관과 타 분류법에 미친 영향 등을 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, DDC는 이전에는 존재하지 않았던 상관식 배가법이라는 혁신적인 방법을 적용하여, 세분화된 분류체계를 도입하면서 당시 도서관이 처해있던 급속한 장서 증가 문제를 해결하였다. 둘째, 세부적인 분류를 위해 형식 구분을 분류기준으로 적용하여 실질적으로 도서관의 도서 분류에 도움을 주었다. 셋째, 분류체계에 십진법을 도입함으로써 분류체계의 무한정 세분화가 가능하여, 경제성과 실용성을 획득하였다. 넷째, 전개분류법이나 주제분류법을 비롯한 현대 도서관 분류법 발전에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이처럼 상관식 배가법을 적용하고 세분화된 분류체계를 가진 DDC는 시대적 요구에 적합한 분류법이었고, 개별 도서관에서 실용적으로 사용할 수 있는 분류법이었다.

• 복식
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2008

Artificial lights have effected the changes of art and fashion concepts as well as human life since the invention of electric light bulb in late 19th century. Artist and designer have had more interested in these artificial lights as the development of digital technology and the change of millennium and they have tried to apply the lights into their works. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetic characteristics of contemporary fashion design using artificial light as a medium. Artificial light for fashion design means the light using luminescent material like phosphorescent and fluorescent materials or in combination with electroluminescent digital technology or the light that can be perceived as images when light projects from media using a light projector or other digital equipment. Fashion design using this light type can change colors or form temporarily and it can playa role as a gadget for hm or as equipment to provide information much as a computer monitor does. And designer can create virtual patterns on the surface of clothes, or virtual fashion like a 3-dimensional holography in empty space. In these fashion designs, the virtual image of light is substituted for physical formative elements in fashion, and the viewer can experience an ambiguity between reality and virtuality. The results of the study were as follow; The formative characteristics of those fashion designs were identified as visibility, indeterminacy, integration and virtuality. And they reflected the internal meanings; the persue of protection and safety, the search for experiment and innovation, the will for interaction and communication and the desire for the deviation and fun.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제7권
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• pp.177-206
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• 1980

Public library legislation is the essential means of providing for all the citizen in modern society with a standard public library service. We can trace the origin of that back to the Public Libraries Act 1850 in England. This paper is reviewing all the measures concerning public libraries of England since then in order to find out some guidelines for revision of the Korean Library Law enacted in 1963. Although Public Libraries Act 1850 was an output of a series of social reform movement in the 19th century, it established first the provision of public library service su n.0, pported by public funds. However the Act had several restrictions hindering public library service from making progress. These are: 1. Adoptive legislation in nature 2. Limitation of the size of population and rate income 3. Small library authorities 4. Procedure for adoption by public meeting 5. Restrictions on the ways in which rate income might be spent 6. No governmental organization to direct or control for a standardized public library service 7. No cooperative schemes among libraries. Subsequent development was directed largely to removal of those limitations. The present Public Libraries Act 1964 as a model of public library legislation was enacted on the basis of such reports as Kenyon, McColvin, Roberts, and Bourdillon. All but the problem of small library authorities were removed with this new Act. The final object could be achieved by the Local Government Act 1974 which reorganized existing 383 small authorities into new 115 ones the average population of which was 280, 000. Now, McColvin's dream of 30 years could be fulfilled in the late 70's. He argued that the minimum size of population of a viable authority should be 300, 000. Although the effect of the 1964 Act on the development of public library services in England was great, there must be some considerations as to the provisions of public library objective, government funding for library services, free use of library materials to all regardless of residence, and placement of library committee within the authority.

• 복식
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• 제38권
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• pp.261-277
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• 1998

This study is focused on two things, on the matter of judge's robe(JR) which is worn in the court. First, Korean JR were examined from late 19th century through today(1997)to reveal the entity of the JR : characteristics of each JR has been changed according to the political or international influences. Second, JR from 92 countries were collected and analyzed to figure out the plastic characteristics of the JR among international society. The results are as follows : First, Korean JR were have changed many times according to the social, political influences. The Korean modern judicial system were proclaim in 1895 and JR were adapted in 1906. In 1920, Japanese style JR were worn until 1945 when Korean government have had her Independence. Korean Government have changed JR through which Korean identities were expressed through patterns such as national flower Mukungwha(Hibiscus) and Yang & Yin. In 1966 Korean JR were changed again and adopted western style JR until today (1997) which have many things in common with academic robe of university or clerical robe. Second, the analysis of the 92 international JR were summarized as follows : (1) The JR were consisted of three styles such as Gown style, Cape style and Jacket style. And Gown style has been found as the most popular style(86%) for JR among them. (2) As the main color of JR, black is used among 60% of countries and red is used in 33% of countries. Gold were matched for black JR and gray for red JR as their sub-color. (3) The most popular material were wool and satin were favored as its sub-materials. (4) Natural and Geometric Patterns were used to express the symbol of the country and the court. (5) Decorative items and details such as hat, gloves, shoes, wig, necklace, neck-tie, stole, tassels, rope, ruffles were used to express wearers dignity and symbolism. These results are expected to be adapted for the future design for new JR which has its identity and characteristics.