• 중국학논총
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• 제63호
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• pp.299-324
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• 2019

This essay is politico-philosophical y examining the Ho-Shang Kung's Commentary on the Lao Tzu(HSKC) and reveals that there was a concept of 'the Monistic Body' as like as G. Deleuze and P. Guattari's concept 'Body without Organs.' The main idea of the political philosophy in HSKC is mentioned as 'Governing the Body'(GB) and 'Governing the State'(GS), that means a macrobiotic hygiene and a ruling the state respectively. GB is not limited to a personal action, because HSKC is not a Yangist work. All of the prior studies have been fail to point out HSKC's true pioneer the Lu Shi Chun Qiu. But a truly dramatic turning must be belonged to Dong Zhong-shu, he was the first man that used the word Governing to the Body, it indicated a conceptional change. The Body is traditionally not a concept connected with Governing, only just the State can be. But After Dong's change, HKSC attempted again to synthesize the theories of Huang-lao school and Dong's theory about the Body and the State.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.29-47
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• 1998

The aim of this study is to understand the original methods of architectural composition in F. L. Wright's works, For this purpose, the principal thoughts based on his organic architecture was examined over all others, and the results of this study are as follows. 1. F. L. Wright knew Taoist Philosophy, especially Lao-tzu's thought about space based on traditional oriental arts included traditional japanese arts by his superior intuition. this is similar to Froebel Thought in the principal theory, that is, his own unique field of abstract architectural education with three-dimensional geometry learned through Froebel Gifts. 2. Space is reality ; such Lao-tzu's thought, reversed the sense of values, influenced F. L. Wright's way to accomplish his own continuous space. that is to say, he attempted taking precedence of spatial organization by the unit of three-dimensional module made the substance, Froebel Blocks (3, 4, 5, 6 Gifts) into non-substance, and trying to do the methods of continuous liberal composition in architecture. which is his original accomplishment, namely his mentioned 'democratic' because of judging the space and the mold of architecture as individualities. 3. F. L. Wright treated the space as a positive entity, so that he created his own architecture organically combined with spaces and forms. : This was the result that he comprehended both formative, physical worth in West and spatial, non-physical worth in East as equivalence. It is understood that F. L. Wright's works combined with East and West are the significance of his architecture and the progress of true internationalities and modernization in modern architecture. 4. From the analyses of his works, we knew the fact that F. L. Wright's architecture, especially in the spatial organization were performed by the reasonable methods with geometric system of Froebel Gifts. In the observation of our fundamental way of thinking on his architecture, this study shows the necessity to let us get out of preconceptions and conclusions that the organic architecture is mysterious and difficult, but to systematize and put his organic methods to practical use.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제43호
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• pp.203-230
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• 2014

현대 자본주의 신자유주의 시장경제하에서 우리의 교육은 다시 한 번 시장 경제의 논리로 고교 선택제가 생기고 자본주의 논리에 의해서 대학을 위한 교육으로 전락해 버렸다. 이러한 가운데 교권은 흔들리게 되었고, 학교의 교육방침은 그야말로 어디로 가야할지 모르는 상황에 놓이게 되었다. 그런데 중국 고대의 철학자인 노자의 "도덕경"에서의 무위(無爲)사상과 신약성서 "빌립보서" 2장 6절-11절에 나오는 예수의 케노스(${\kappa}{\varepsilon}vo{\varsigma}$)의 사상은 우리 현대인들에게 주는 의미가 크다고 하겠다. 무위(無爲)란 작위(作爲)나 혹은 인위(人爲)의 반대의 개념으로서 자연의 도(道)인 자연스러운(nature) 상태대로 행하는 것을 말한다. 이것은 작위로 가득 차 있는 위정자들의 정치와 인간 사회에서의 인위에서 돌이켜 자연의 순리를 역행하지 말라는 것이다. 또한 케노스의 의미는 미움과 시기로 가득 차 있는 인간 세상에서 자신을 내어놓은 예수의 죽음을 통하여 이제 인간의 사명을 깨닫고 그 사명을 위하여 사랑과 헌신을 하라는 귀한 성인의 교훈이며, 이러한 교훈은 우리 교육의 현실 속에서도 많은 의미를 주고 있다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

본 연구는 중국 가로수의 역사에 대한 체계적인 연구를 위하여 사상적 배경과 각 시대별 가로수의 식재 수종, 그리고 가로수의 관리제도 등에 대한 고문헌들의 분석을 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 춘추전국시대의 제자백가 가운데 노자, 장자, 묵자, 맹자, 관자의 사상이 중국의 수목과 가로수의 관리에 대한 근본적인 태도 형성에 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 시대별 가로수의 수종은 상이한 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중에 가장 많이 심겨진 수종은 버드나무류, 그 다음은 소나무류인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주(周)나라 때부터 명나라에 이르기까지 복숭아나무와 자두나무 같은 유실수(有實樹)가 가로수로 많이 활용된 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 가로수의 명칭과 가로수를 담당하던 관리는 시대별로 다른 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 현재 중국에 남아 있는 가장 오래된 가로수 유적으로는 약 2,000년이 된 사천성(四川省)의 검각취운랑을 들 수 있다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제29호
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• pp.89-123
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• 2010

이 글은 선유(先儒)들의 묵가에 대한 비판을 개괄하고, 이를 전제로 하여 고려말부터 시작하여 조선조 후기에 이르는 묵가 비판의 전개 양상을 고찰한 것이다. 우리나라 고려 이전의 문헌에서는 묵가나 묵자를 비롯한 제자백가를 명시적으로 배척한 사례가 보이지 않는다. 여말선초에 이르면 성리학의 수용과 더불어 맹자의 벽이단론의 관점이 부각되기 시작하면서 양주와 묵적에 대한 비판을 전제로 불교와 노자를 배척하기 시작하였다. 조선조 지식인들의 묵가에 대한 이해와 비판 양상의 특징은 묵가의 이념 자체에 대한 비판보다는 주로 다른 이념이나 부조리에 대한 비판의 도구로 활용되었다는 것이다. 여기에는 여말선초의 불교와 노자, 중후기의 문장학(과거학), 서학(천주교), 나아가 관료들의 부패 등이 포괄된다. 내용면에서 본다면, 묵가의 십대 주장 가운데 「겸애」와 「절용」(절장, 비악)에 대한 비판이 주를 이루고 있으며, 조선 중후기에 이르면서 「명귀(明鬼)」와 「천지(天志)」에 대한 비판이 포함되고 있다. 주목할 만한 점은 중국사상사에서와 마찬가지로 침략전쟁을 반대하는 평화 이념이 반영된 「비공(非攻)」이나 운명론을 부정하는 「비명(非命)」에 대한 비판은 보이지 않는다는 것이다. 이것은 유가의 인문주의적이고 현실주의적 측면에서 볼 때 적극적으로 비판할 여지가 없었던 데 연유하는 것으로 생각된다. 한편 묵가 이념과는 별도로 묵자 개인의 묵수(墨守)와 관련된 행위에 대해서는 대체로 긍정적인 평가를 하고 있다. 또한 후기에 이르면서 묵자서는 이념서가 아니라 유교 경전 내용을 고증하기 위한 사료로서 활용되고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2003

1960년대 이후 서양에서 발전된 시스템 사고는 동양 사고와는 상이한 사고 체계로 받아들여져 왔다. 피드백 시스템에 초점을 두는 시스템 사고는 오히려 전통적인 동양 사고와 유사하다는 점을 본 논문을 통하여 밝히고자 하였다. 특히 본 논문에서는 노자의 도덕경에서 자신의 행위가 자신에게로 되돌아온다는 순환적 사구 즉 피드백 사고를 발견할 수 있다는 점을 지적하였다. 아울러 동양의 전통적 관점이라고 할 수 있는 음양오행이론 역시 피드백 사고로 해석될 수 있다는 점을 밝히고자 하였다. 본 논문은 이러한 사상적 유사성이야말로 시스템 사고를 동양 사회에 도입할 수 있는 유연한 토대를 제공한다는 점을 지적하였다. 동양사고와 시스템 사고의 유사성이야말로 시스템 사고를 동양 사회에 적용하고 확산시키는데 있어서 지렛대의 역할을 수행할 것이다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.37-49
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• 1993

The Purpose of this study is to look for the total conspectus of Roo-Jong(RJ) Architecture in the middle and latter era of Koryo Dynasty. The method of this study is the review of old literature, the Roo-Jung description of Dong-Mun-Sun, which had compiled in the Ninth year of Seung-Jong (AD 1478) by confucian scholar. The conclusions of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) The main currents of thought having a great influence on the RJ are thought of Mountain God (or Sin Sun, which is dwelling in mountain) or Taoist, thought of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu. They had required the RJ Architecture to pursuit the life of God. In this existence value meaning, the RJ Architecturethe is the semi-sacred & profane space. In the being aspect, RJ is the transcendental architecture. 2) The way of life of in the RJ had strongly turned from the personal space, mainly mind control place, into the friendship-society space, pastime place. 3) The RJ had located after the images that is what should be. The images were formed on the ground of natural landscape elements, communication elements. And these elements were indicated on one's visual, auditorial sensation with oneself. 4) In planning aspect, the scope of visual, Pungsu and history were aided with the factors of climate, topography and geography. Specially in location and fabric planning, they had regarded more important the objects and scope of visual than the climate factor.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

There are two different views on the relationship between "Tao Te Ching" and the life nurturing thoughts. Some researchers think that the life nurturing is a main idea of "Tao Te Ching", but others do not. By analysing the related terminologies to life nurturing thoughts in the "Tao Te Ching", we came to the conclusions as below. 1. Chapters which mentioned about the life nurturing thoughts include chapter 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, 30, 35, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 55, 73, and 81. 2. Of 21 chapters that related with the life nurturing thoughts, 19 chapters mentioned about the mind nurturing(精神養生). It showed that "Tao Te Ching" put special emphasis on the mental health in the aspect of life nurturing. 3. There are 5,283 characters in "Tao Te Ching", but only 422 characters were used to mention about the life nurturing thoughts. That could be a one proof that the life nurturing thoughts was not a main idea of "Tao Te Ching".

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper and written below the author information. Use the word "Abstract" as the title, in 12-point Times New Roman, boldface type, italicized, centered relative to the column, initially capitalized, fixed-spacing at 13 pt., 12 pt. spacing before the text and 6 pt. after. The abstract content is to be in 11-point, italicized, single spaced type. Leave one blank line after the abstract, and then begin the keywords. All manuscripts must be in English. When it comes to the issue of "virtual and real" in traditional Chinese painting, the first impression is to describe the problems of painting strokes and ink, layout of pictures, etc., but it runs through the initial conception of the work, creation in the middle and aesthetic appreciation of the work. It exists in the whole process of artistic creation and appreciation. In essence, it is a problem of aesthetic thinking and philosophical thinking. Because the traditional Chinese painting theory is influenced by Taoism, when the concept of "virtual and real" is implemented in the specific picture of Chinese painting, it is contained in the specific shape of "physics", that is, the painting theory research of "blank space" in the picture. Based on the traditional Taoist philosophy of China, this paper takes the "virtual and real" view in Lao Zhuang's thought as the research object, deeply analyzes and compares its relationship with the "virtual and real" in Chinese landscape painting, and finds out their artistic spirit, essential characteristics and how to present them. This paper mainly discusses the internal relationship between Taoist philosophy and "virtual and real" in Chinese landscape painting from the following aspects. The introduction expounds the origin, purpose, significance, innovation and research methods of the topic. This paper analyzes the philosophical thoughts about landscape in the philosophical thoughts represented by Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi. The development of Chinese traditional aesthetics theory is closely related to Taoist philosophy, which has laid the foundation and pointed out the direction for the development of Chinese painting theory since ancient times. It also discusses the influence of the Taoist philosophy of "the combination of the virtual and real" on the emergence and development of the artistic conception of landscape painting. Firstly, through the analysis of the artistic conception of landscape painting and its constituent factors, it is pointed out that the artistic conception is affected by the personality and the painting artistic conception. Secondly, through the Taoist thought of "the combination of the virtual and real" in landscape painting, so as to reflect that it is the source of the artistic conception of Chinese landscape painting. It is the unique spiritual concept of "Yin and Yang" and "virtual and real" that creates the unique "blank space" aesthetic realm of Chinese painting in the composition of the picture. Finally, it focuses on the "nothingness" in Taoist philosophy and the "blank space" in Chinese landscape painting. The connotation of the "blank space" in Chinese painting exceeds its own expressive significance, which makes the picture form the aesthetic principle of emotional blending, virtual and real combination and dynamic and static integration. Through the "blank space", it deepens the artistic characteristics of the picture and sublimates the expression of "form" in Chinese painting.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to examine the patterns of expressing contemporary beauty from the perspective of Laotzu's philosophy in order to suggest its concept and characteristics and to suggest specific cases through cosmetics advertisement. In doing so, the study attempted to understand that contemporary beauty is more humanistic and liberal in terms of expression patterns than in any other time period. The research results are as below. The frame concept of Laotzu's philosophy includes 1. Naturalness, 2. coexistence in Conflict, and 3. Non-otherness. The characteristics of contemporary beauty are natural and healthy, People can foresee changing beauty by the cycle of life and, by admitting this philosophy, people can understand one's individuality and discover self-esteemed beauty. Also, the results from the cases of cosmetics advertisement are as below: 1. Naturalness was remarkable. Such phenomenon was common in representative brands of the research subjects. Expression pattern was based on soft, natural make-up and hair style. 2. For conflict and coexistence, they introduced the ancient image of the situation, and the situational image using food and herbs demonstrated a functional, situational image, which was used for the cosmetics advertisement based on the mutual coexistence concept instead of dichotomy of period or material. 3. Non-otherness advertisement, of which there was none, we expected that maximized marketing effect would be achieved if non-otherness cosmetics advertisement expressed the contemporary beauty because it could solicit sympathy form many consumers.