• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.9
• /
• pp.929-941
• /
• 2012

In recent years, interest in river environment such as riparian landscape, water quality and ecological conservation has been growing with increasing recreation on agricultural river watershed. That caused the increase of necessity of water resources development, one of solutions for the diversification of agricultural water demand and shortages. In this respects, heightening irrigation dam, as a part of the 4-major river restoration project, is necessary to secure not only additional agricultural water but also instream flow for water quality improvement. However, operation plan of irrigation dam still not be clear. In this study, additional storage which secured through heightening irrigation dam was estimated using SWAT model. And instream flow effects on water quality of downstream were evaluated. The findings show that the additional water supply will contribute positively to water quantity and quality of downstream. The results show a 2~10% water quality improvement effect on nutrients, as well as an 1~8% water quantity increasing effect. In particular, additional storage can be effectively supplied from February to April by the reservoir operation. However, maintaining better water quality in irrigation reservoirs is important because the water quality of irrigation reservoirs can be negatively impacts the water quality in downstream of reservoirs.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.753-765
• /
• 2011

Tourist behavior has been a major topic in tourism research. Since the construction of Saemangeum seawall, May 2010, it has been working actively to make a tourist complex fishing port project of Bi-eung port, with the increase of tourists visiting to Saemangeum seawall and Bi-eung port. The purpose of this study is to analyze tourist behaviors conducted in Bi-eung port of Gunsan area. Most of the tourists were the residence of the Jeonbuk, and one-day tourists mostly consisted of families and friends. It was examined that the main destinations were Saemangeum seawall and Bi-eung port. The major complaints of tourists were the lack of parking and convenience facilities. In order to activate the tourism of Bi-eung port, it is required the landscape maintenance and place marketing of Bi-eung port. The satisfaction indicators about tourism base on facilities such as accessibility, promotion and information, tourism products and food, linkage of tourist places and tourism resource with surrounding areas, and the related tourism programs show as below average, respectively. Seven kinds of tourism infrastructure as measured by indicators below average in satisfaction with the analysis but Comprehensive assessment as a tourist destination was the relatively high levels.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.274-279
• /
• 2007

The toxicitiy of organic sludge such as municipal sewage sludge (MSS), industrial sewage sludge (ISS), alcohol fermentation processing sludge (AFPS) and leather processing sludge (LPS) were evaluated with three environmental biomarkers as acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome P450, and heat shock protein 70 extracted from earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Their toxicities were compared with those of pig manure compost (PMC). MSS, ISS, LPS, and AFPS did not significantly affect the acetylcolinesterase activity, whereas only the elutriate of PMC slightly was increased the activity. MSS, AFPS, and PMC tended to slightly inhibit the cytochrome $P_{450}$ activity, but ISS and LPS showed significantly the inhibitory effect on cytochrome $P_{450}$. The hsp70 expression began to increase after treatments and showed high induction at 6 hour, followed by zero level at around 12 hour. The quantity of the hsp70 expressed by elutriate treatments of PMC, AFPS, MSS, ISS, and LPS was 1.9, 3.0, 3.3, 4.4, and 4.7 fold higher than that of distilled water. These results indicate that in toxicity tests of five organic waste materials, four kinds of sludge materials appeared more toxic than PMC. Results of AChE, P450, and hsp70 of earthworm might be useful for expecting or assessing an effect by exposure of organic wastes to earthworms in soil.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.95-118
• /
• 2010

This study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of major soil types in Korea, and to assess the ability to predict soil distribution using environmental variables. A classification tree method was used to assess soil predictability. While the great soil groups can give more intuitive understandings on their spatial distributions, its predictability using environmental factors is much lower than that of the great groups. The most important factor to determine the spatial distribution of major soil types is the geomorphological characteristic of Korea that shows distinctive morphological difference between mountains and plains. Spatial distribution of climatic variables and catenary soil sequence along slopes play additional roles in determining the distribution of soil types. The classification tree models resulted in 35-75% of prediction accuracy, depends on the combination of different environmental variables brought in the models. While geomorphological variables are the best predictors for the great groups, climatic variables perform better for the great soil groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2015

Preparations need to be made for Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) in anticipation of climate change because Korean pine is an endemic species of South Korea and the source of timber and pine nut. Therefore, climate change adaptation policy has been established to conduct an impact assessment on the distribution of Korean pine. Our objective was to predict the distribution of Korean pine while taking into account uncertainty and afforestation conditions. We used the 5th forest types map, a forest site map and BIOCLIM variables. The climate scenarios are RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for uncertainty and the climate models are 5 regional climate models (HadGEM3RA, RegCM4, SNURCM, GRIMs, WRF). The base period for this study is 1971 to 2000. The target periods are the mid-21st century (2021-2050) and the end of the 21st century (2071-2100). This study used the MaxEnt model, and 50% of the presences were randomly set as training data. The remaining 50% were used as test data, and 10 cross-validated replicates were run. The selected variables were the annual mean temperature (Bio1), the precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13) and the precipitation of the driest month (Bio14). The test data's ROC curve of Korean pine was 0.689. The distribution of Korean pine in the mid-21st century decreased from 11.9% to 37.8% on RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The area of Korean pine at an artificial plantation occupied from 32.1% to 45.4% on both RCPs. The areas at the end of the 21st century declined by 53.9% on RCP 4.5 and by 86.0% on RCP 8.5. The area of Korean pine at an artificial plantation occupied 23.8% on RCP 4.5 and 7.2% on RCP 8.5. Private forests showed more of a decrease than national forests for all subsequent periods. Our results may contribute to the establishment of climate change adaptation policies for considering various adaptation options.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.33 no.5_3
• /
• pp.763-771
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to review the background and purpose of the special issue on Theory of Environment Geospatial Information and Its Applications in Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. The significance of the paper was also discussed. Environmental information refers to environment related information (literature, statistics, images, etc.) in a comprehensive manner. Such environmental information as a local change or issue of the environment is defined as environmental spatial information by developing in a spatial form. Remote sensing data is very useful as direct or indirect data including environmental spatial information on wide-area and local environment. Various applications will be possible not only in the environmental field through several improvements. For this purpose, first, refining and scientificization of technology to build environmental spatial information could be performed. Second, the application field can be expanded by developing the concept and contents of existing environmental spatial information. The third method is continuous increase of the application of existing environmental spatial information. In this paper, the direction of development was examined that reflects recent changes of environmental spatial information such as conversion of data formats and integration with ICT (Information and Communications Technologies). In particular, the basic technology for the construction of environmental spatial information was reviewed through various papers. Through the studies related to the above, utilization of domestic environmental spatial information would be diversified. Also, the development of environment policy and efficient management of environmental factors could be possible.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.153-165
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to get some information on plants abilities to enhance water purification and to find out away to conserve the ecosystem in Mankyeong river. Vegetation were surveyed at 4 sites pointing by 1:5,000 topographical map, from June 2001 through March 2002. T-N content in water were high in all sites of Mankyeong river, the average T-N levels were 8.59 and 17.23 mg/L, summer and winter, respectively. The average T-P level during summer was 0.47 mg/L but that was 1.79 mg/L during winter. The BOD level in Mankyeong upstream ranged from 0.95 to 2.57 mg/L which would be in I or II grade according to water quality criteria by Ministry of Environment but BOD level in Mankyeong downstream ranged from 6.87 to 9.72 mg/L. The plant species of river flora were found 251, 98 and 85, upstream midstream and down stream, respectively. Among the surveyed plants, Ceratophyllum demersum, submerged plant and Nuphar subinteperrimum took up higher contents of phosphate and nitrogen than other piano. The Phragmites communis and Zizania latifolia having much biomass were thought to be suitable plants for enhancement of e natural water purification.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to derive indicators and development directions to be considered when planning new towns in the Seoul metropolitan area as new towns are planned to be built. To this end, the following implications were derived after analyzing the survey data of experts in each field using Frequency Analysis and Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) technique. First, the assessment results of the existing first and second phase new towns showed that there were many negative assessments of citizen participation and information sharing, smart technologies and services, social and cultural diversity and inclusion. Regarding the third phase new town, experts said that the most important indicators are accessibility and convenience of transportation, environmental comfort, quality and service of residence. In addition, experts cited the superiority of landscape/design, jobs/self-sufficiency and social/cultural diversity as important indicators. Second, after examining whether the perceptions and assessments of experts differ depending on individual characteristics such as gender, age, occupation, and professional field, the first and second phase new towns showed significant differences only in "gender", and the third phase new town had significant differences in "gender" and "professional field". Third, experts thought that changes in population structure, industry and jobs, quality of life and diversity, environment and climate change, and social and residential welfare should be considered important in the planning of third phase new town. In addition, experts considered expanding park and self-sufficient land as important in the land use plan, and ranked eco-city as a desirable type of the city, and public transportation facilities, park areas and education facilities as the most important living infrastructure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.4
• /
• pp.632-639
• /
• 2015

Working in the forest would require a wide range of skills and experience for specific tasks which involve with a high level of risks to worker's safety. However, there has been a concern on the current standard wage system for forest workers because it does not effectively reflect the characteristics of typical working conditions in the forest. In addition, the current standard wages for forestry workers was estimated based on the construction industry's wage system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess a current wage system through the mail survey method and to develop a new wage system for forest worker which effectively reflects skill sets and experience required for successful completion of the work in the forest. We mailed the survey questionnaire consisting of 19 questions to 659 forest workers and received 188 responses resulting in a 28.5% response rate. The results showed that the current average optimal wages of forest worker, special worker and feller were 97,680won/day, 127,559won/day and 152,403won/day, respectively though there were variations depending on the regions. In developing the new standard wage system, this study suggest the current work types(worker, special worker and feller) could be divided into 5 work types (forest-environment workers, forest operations in beginner, forest operations in intermediate, forest operations in advanced and forest equipment operator) reflecting specialty of forest operation thereby stabilizing the new wage system for forest workers.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.93-103
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to assess the recovery rate of vegetation structure after restoration works at the damaged Nogodan area in Jirisan National Park. Fourteen monitoring plots were set up at restoring work area and twelve control plots were set up at natural forest near monitoring plots. Flora, Relative Importance Percentage and Similarity Index were analyzed. Mean Similarity Index between monitering plot and control plot near helliport area showed thirty five point two percent and height of shrub layer recovered up to twenty percent, approxomately durindg twenty three years after experimental restoration works. Mean Similarity Index between monitering plot and control plot around Nogodan peak area showed seventeen point six percent but height of shrub layer recovered up to twenty percent, approxomately during ninteen years after restoration works. Mean similarity index between monitering plot and control plot on transfered millitary area showed thirty four point three percent but coverage of shrub layer showed twenty percent,approxomately during seven years after restoration works. Long term monitering shall be necessary for developing assessment criteria of ecologial restoration and ecological restoration technology.