Browse > Article

The Assessment of Toxicity on organic Sludge Using Acetylcholinesterase, Cytochrome P450, and Hsp70 Extracted from Earthworm (Eisenia fetida)  

Na, Young-Eun (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)
Bang, Hae-Son (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)
Kim, Myung-Hyun (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)
Kim, Min-Kyoung (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)
Roh, Kee-An (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)
Lee, Jung-Taek (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)
Ahn, Young-Joon (School of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National University)
Yoon, Seong-Tak (Department of Environment and Landscape Architecture, Dankook University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer / v.40, no.4, 2007 , pp. 274-279 More about this Journal
Abstract
The toxicitiy of organic sludge such as municipal sewage sludge (MSS), industrial sewage sludge (ISS), alcohol fermentation processing sludge (AFPS) and leather processing sludge (LPS) were evaluated with three environmental biomarkers as acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome P450, and heat shock protein 70 extracted from earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Their toxicities were compared with those of pig manure compost (PMC). MSS, ISS, LPS, and AFPS did not significantly affect the acetylcolinesterase activity, whereas only the elutriate of PMC slightly was increased the activity. MSS, AFPS, and PMC tended to slightly inhibit the cytochrome $P_{450}$ activity, but ISS and LPS showed significantly the inhibitory effect on cytochrome $P_{450}$. The hsp70 expression began to increase after treatments and showed high induction at 6 hour, followed by zero level at around 12 hour. The quantity of the hsp70 expressed by elutriate treatments of PMC, AFPS, MSS, ISS, and LPS was 1.9, 3.0, 3.3, 4.4, and 4.7 fold higher than that of distilled water. These results indicate that in toxicity tests of five organic waste materials, four kinds of sludge materials appeared more toxic than PMC. Results of AChE, P450, and hsp70 of earthworm might be useful for expecting or assessing an effect by exposure of organic wastes to earthworms in soil.
Keywords
Earthworm; Organic waste; Heavy metals; Contaminants; Acetylcholinesterase; Cytochrome $P_{450}$; Heat shock protein 70;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Hartl, F. U. 1996. Molecular chaperones in cellular protein folding. Nature 381:571-580   DOI   ScienceOn
2 PiI, V. 1985. The effect of the herbicide zeazin 50 on the earthworm infection by monocystid gregarines. Pedobiologia 28:399-402
3 Mineau, P. 1991. Cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides. Their impact on wildlife and the environment. Elsevier 348. Amsterdam, the Netherlands
4 Na, Y. E., H. S. Bang, M. H. Kim, J. T. Lee, Y. J. Ahn, and S. T. Yoon. 2007. Toxicity of organic waste-contaminated soil on earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(1):51-56
5 Nelson, D. R., L. Koymans, T. Kamataki. 1996. P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature. Pharmacogenetics 6:1-42   DOI
6 Parkinson, A. 1995. Biotransformation of xenobiotics. In: Klaassen CD, editor. Casarett and Doull's toxicology. New York, McGrawHill
7 Jamil, K. 2001. Molecular mechanisms of toxicants: pollution fingerprints, p. 136-138. In: Bioindicators and biomarkers of environmental pollution and risk assessment. Science Publishers, Inc
8 Stansley, W. 1993. Field results using cholinesterase reactivation techniques to diagnose acute anticholinesterase poisoning in birds and fish. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 25: 315-321   DOI
9 Walsh, P., C. El Adlouni, D. Nadeau, M. Fournier, D. Coderre and G. Poirier. 1997. DNA adducts in earthworms exposed to a contaminated soil. Soil BioI. Biochem. 29:721-724   DOI   ScienceOn
10 McGrath, S. P. 1994. Effects of Heavy Metals from Sewage Sludge on Soil Microbes in Agricultural Ecosystems, p. 247-274. In: Ross S.M. (ed) Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Chichester, UK
11 PiI, V. and M. Sterzynska. 1991. The influence of urbanization on the earthworm infection by monocystid gregarines. Frag. Faun. (Warsawa).35:203-212   DOI
12 Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248-254   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Hankinson, O. 1995. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex. Annu Rev PharmacoL ToxicoL 35:307-340   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Na, Y. E. 2004. Hazard assessment of organic waste-contaminated soil using earthworm. Thesis for the degree of doctor in the school of agricultural biotechnology. Seoul National University. Korea
15 Venkateswara Rao, J., Y. Surya Pavan and S. S. Madhavendra. 2003. Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on morphology and acetylcholinesterase activity in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 54:296-301   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Williams, J. H., A. M. Farag, M. A. Stansbury, P. A. Young, H. L. Bergman and N. S. Petersen. 1996. Accumulation of HSP70 in juvenile and adult rainbow trout gill exposed to metalcontaminated water and/or diet. Environ. ToxicoI. Chem. 15:1324-1328   DOI
17 Gonzalez, F. J. 1990. Molecular genetics of the P-450 superfamily. Pharmac. Ther. 45:1-13   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Nebert, D. W. 1989. The Ah locus: genetic differences in toxicity, cancer, mutation, and birth defects. Crit, Rev. Toxicol. 20:153-174   DOI
19 Nepple, B.R and R. Bachofen. 1997. Induction of stress proteins in the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. EMS Microbiol. Lett. 153:173-180   DOI
20 Hightower, L. E. 1991. Heat shock, stress proteins, chaperones, and proteotoxicity. Cell 66:191-197   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Ritossa, F. 1962. A new puffing pattern induced by temperature shock and DNP in Drosophila. Experientia 18:571-573   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Ellman, G. L., K. D. Courtney, V. V. Andres Jr., R. M. Featherstone. 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem. Phamocol. 7:88-95   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Ducas, K., P. Sarfati, N. Vaysse and L. Pradayrol. 1993. Quantitation of changes in the expression of mutiple genes by simultaneous polymerase chain reaction. Anal. Biochem. 215:66 72   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Anonymous, 2006. Statistics on production and outlets of sewage sludge. pp.1112. Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea
25 Sanders, B. M. 1990. Stress-proteins: Potential as multitiered biomarker, p. 165-191. In L. Shugart and J. McCarthy (eds) Environmental Biomarkers. Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis Publishers
26 Myrmel, T., J. D. McCully, L. Malkin, L. B. Krukenkamo and S. Levitsky. 1994. Heat shock protein 70 mRNA is induced by anaerobic metabolism in rat hearts. Circulation 90: 299-305
27 Currie, S. and B. Tufts. 1997. Synthesis of stress protein 70 (Hsp70) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red blood cells. J. Exp. Biol. 200:607-614
28 Escartin, E. and C. Porte. 1996. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii exposed to fenitrothion. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 34:160-164   DOI   ScienceOn
29 McCarthy, J. F., L. R. Shugart. 1990. Biological markers of Fig. 4. Expressed electrophoresis (upper) and quantitation (lower) of hsp70 mRNA after 6 hours exposure of earthworm on chlorpyrlfos, four organic sludges, and pig manure compost. environmental contamination, pp. 348. In: McCarthy JF, Shugart LR, editors. Biomarkers of environmental contamination. Lewis Publishers, Bocal Raton, FL.
30 Saint-Denis, M., J. F. Narbonne, C. Arnaud, E. Thybaud and D. Ribera. 1999. Biochemical responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida andrei exposed to contaminated artificial soil: effects of benzo[a]pyrene. Soil BioI. Biochem. 31:1837-1846   DOI   ScienceOn