• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.108-117
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• 2013

Modern city doesn't have its own identity that differentiates itself from others despite the fact that each city has a historical value. This is due to the demolition of historical and regional values. As such problems are connected to urban problems, they become even more serious. Thus, the researchers of this study set Gyeongbokgung(Palace) as an object to look into landscape factors and found out the relations between psychological variables and preference. Then, the researchers analyzed the quantitative relations between the physical attributes of historic cultural landscape and human response. As such, the researchers aimed to set and propose a confirmed standard in terms of identity and regional & historical values of historic cultural landscape. Since this study was performed with an object of historic cultural landscape that was reproduced based on original landscape in the past, a future study should be on the difference in preference based on the proportion of modern landscape. Based on such studies, a new plan should be made for forming the urban historic cultural landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.117-128
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• 2013

This study aims to examine various discourses of the urban landscape discussed in the fields of new cultural geography, spatial political economy, and landscape architecture in order to propose a theoretical framework for the interpretation of a contemporary urban landscape. The notion of landscape is a modern idea that separates humans, especially the bourgeois subject, from nature, and then achieves the visual possession of nature. New cultural geographers have studied the political aspects of landscape. According to them, landscape as materialized discourse is "a way of seeing" which includes the vision of the upper class, the imperialistic view, and the masculine and voyeuristic gaze. In addition, spatial political economists have paid attention to the economic aspects of landscape. They have emphasized that the material production of landscape is indispensable in the production of surplus values in the capitalistic system. Thus, we insist focusing dialectically on both the materiality and ideology of landscape.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2008

The landscape commonly refers to the appearance of the land, including its shape, texture, and colours. Among many factors contributing to the landscape, tree and plants factors playa significant role in rural landscape as a colours. Therefore the rural traditional theme village where had been designated under the rural traditional theme village since 2007 in Naegok-ri, Eohang-myeon, Haman-gun has planned to design the tree plant planning for creating a unique rural landscape. The landscape proposal for the new Rural Village in Naegokri, Yeohang-myeon, Haman-gun suggests three main strategies; 1) The riverside area and reservoir area adjoined forest was required to be prepared to offer organization waterside landscape and forest landscape through landscape planting and selecting trees i.e. able to reflect sense of the season that promote high quality values of landscape area in rural. 2) The area adjoined stable was required to strengthen the screen planting and buffer planting with multiple plant layer structure and trees of branches and leaves closeness, shrubs of beauty flowers in order to improve disamenity landscape and odours. 3) The rural traditional theme village adjoined entrance was required to open space such as multipurpose garden, specialized or themed garden which include Landmark factors and prepared to the space with the various theme and visual diversity in order to take charge of function as landmark characteristic in Naegok-ri, Eohang-myeon, Haman-gun, and so on. In conclusion, this winning principal purpose of this study is applied to basic tree plant model for sustainable rural landscape creation in rural areas by selecting beautiful landscape plants and the tree plant planning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.216-219
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• 2007

New paradigm of modern society today - environmentally sound and sustainable development - led to the attempt on the introduction of natural elements in various spaces by people's interest in the quality of life. As one of the distinguished space marketing in designing the outer space of resort, this plan attempts to limit artificial boundary within open scenery, thus creating nature within nature - interior theme garden. In addition, this plan is aimed to obtain location property of inner garden through limited boundary, to promote the identity of resort by endowing it with new values in space and to form emotion care garden and culture garden for users. The plan has proceeded under the following concepts. 1) Differentiation from outer space has been made by creating a theme garden with unique theme garden - landscape elements and an attempt have been made to increase the values of interior garden through the introduction of new species of plants and the state-of-the-art facilities. 2) Emotion care garden - The garden has been created to get emotion purified systematically within nature and let people take a rest and enjoy their spare time. 3) Culture garden - The garden has been planned where culture could be created through various experience activities as a space with education and entertainment by providing a variety of interesting elements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.89-93
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• 2007

In the Japanese garden, a unique planting design has been used to improve visual harmony with the surrounding landscape by planting plants around the objects that are not harmonious with surrounding landscape. In this study, physiopsychological effects of plants caused by a traditional planting skill used in Japanese garden was verified in terms of visual relaxation using eye movement recording and semantic differential method. A total of fourteen Japanese volunteers(seven male and seven female) who have normal vision(aged $21{\sim}28$) participated as subjects. Experiment was carried out in the sealed room of Chiba University in Japan. Four different types of scenery models were presented which were created by combination of the three landscape factors of the surrounding background, the object that disturbs visual harmony, and the trees planted for improving visual harmony with the surrounding landscape. In the results, significantly more gaze fixations were measured on the trees than on the object and higher values in positive feelings were recorded for the stimuli with proper planting combination. Our results indicated that proper tree planting can cause physiopsychological relaxation by improving visual harmony with the surrounding landscape and provided new evidence for supporting scientific validity of the traditional planting skills.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.21-35
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• 2018

In recent years, there has been a tendency to reuse 'landscapes of memory,' including industrial heritages, modern cultural heritages, and post-industrial parks, as public spaces in many cities. Among the various types of landscapes, 'modern historic landscapes', which were formed in the 19th and 20th centuries, are landscapes where the debate between conservation and removal is most frequent, according to the change of evaluation and recognition of modern history. This study examines conflicts between conservation and removal around modern historic landscapes and explores the value judgment criteria and the process of formation of those landscapes, as highlighted in the case of the demolition controversy of the old Japanese general government building in Seoul, which was dismantled in 1995. First, this study reviews newspaper articles, television news and debate programs from 1980-1999 and some articles related to the controversy of the Japanese general government building. Then it draws the following six factors as the main issues of the demolition controversy of the building: symbolic location, discoveries and responses of new historical facts, reaction and intervention of a related country, financial conditions, function and usage of the landscape, changes of urban, historical and architectural policies. Based on these issues, this study examines the conflicts between symbolic values that play an important role in the formation of modern historic landscapes and determines conservation or removal, and the utility of functional values that solve the problems and respond to criticisms that arise in the process of forming the modern historic landscape. Especially, it is noted that the most important factor that makes the decision is the symbolic values, although the determination of the conservation or removal of modern historic landscapes has changed according to changes in historical perceptions of modern history. Today, the modern historic landscape is an important site for urban design, and still has historical issues to be agreed upon and addressed. Thi study has contemporary significance from the point that it divides the many values of modern historic landscapes into symbolic values and functional values, evaluates these, and reviews the background social context.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.5 s.118
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• pp.84-99
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• 2006

The traditional temples located in national parks have various functions, such as religious practice, tourist destination, and conservation for cultural and natural resources. One functions have implicit monetary values in terms of public benefits. The purpose of this study was to estimate both use and non-use conservation values for two traditional temples, Sinheungsa and Haeinsa, using the contingent valuation method. In the study, both single-bounded and double-bounded dichotomous choice methods were used in an application of Turnbull distribution-free model. A total of 659 visitors were interviewed, 350 in Sinheungsa and 309 in Haeinsa. The mean WTP (willingness to pay) for Sinheungsa using single-bounded method was 4,040 Won for the use value, 6,157 Won for the cultural conservation value, and 5,624 Won for the natural conservation value. The mean WTP for Haeinsa using single-bounded method was 6,463 Won for the use value, 8,769 Won for the cultural conservation value, and 8,013 Won for the natural conservation value. The total economic value of each temple accounted for 50% (Sinheungsa) and 80% (Haeinsa) of the total economic value of the associated national park. It was also found that the single-bounded method was more conservative than the double-bounded method in terms of value estimation. The WTP was highest for the cultural conservation value and lowest for the use values in both temples, with natural conservation values falling in the middle, which showed that people perceived traditional temples as the cultural heritage. Based on these results, it was suggested that traditional temples should be designated as an 'multiple heritage area' so that conservation can be used as the main criteria for various use programs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

This aim of this study is to support the value criteria that citizen evaluate themselves it when they found modern heritages in their town. To understand the changing of value criteria for the cultural heritage, we have to begin from early 20 century that were, however, diversified after 80's. As a result, early they evaluated with the architectural and aesthetic value mainly, after they evaluated with the social-cultural value and academical value, and nowadays they try to include the economical value and educational value. So this study rearranged and divided that value with the preservation and using value. The preservation value include the historical value, aesthetic value, social-cultural value and academical value, and the using value include the economical value and educational value. The criteria, however, don't have the equal importance, This study try to redefine relative importance score with paired comparison. As a result, Historical value is proved that most important criteria, but aesthetic value got the score lower than social-cultural value, and similar with academical values. And in using values, economical value and educational value got the low score. It means that if some researcher insist about the importance of economical value, it should evaluate lower than preservation values. This study insist that we have to include diversified values and that values have relatives score. Actually, now we mostly evaluate with the architecture and aesthetic values about modern heritage, so we are losing a lot of modern heritage. If we include the diversified values, social-cultural, academical and educational value, we can conserve our important modern heritage and revitalizing town with tourism of historical heritage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

In this study, it provides the diagnostic index for the rural landscape formation. For the development of diagnostic index, this study first analyzed documents and papers on the landscape formation. Landscape types are also classified by their function and then landscape index was developed by AHP method. Classification system was categorized as three steps: 2 items for 1st step, 10 items for 2nd step, and 20 items(criteria) for 3rd step. In the survey of weighting values with AHP method, the analysis result for the first step showed that rural village landscape is more important than landscape around the village by approximately 20%. In the second step, residence is rated as the most important, followed by village tree planting, and then farmland around the rural villages, greenery, and water environment. In the third step, the feng shui is rated as the most important, followed by tree planting, village forest, culture, and history. While vehicle maintenance, village alleys and pedestrian facilities are rated lower. In index of the around the village, weighting value for index of the farm land and skyline has the highest value. While species richness, water quality and water resources were rated relatively low. In the future, the rural landscapes diagnosis index will be applied to measure the level of the rural villages landscapes and it is expected to propose political support for the landscapes formation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.120-138
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• 2006

A city evolves over time. It grows, transforms, and sometimes degrades. Chuncheon is at a turning point from a city souggling with regulations regarding clean water supply and a military encampment to a masterpiece city with a sustainable vision. The city is getting ready to restructure itself to become a world-famous culture and tourism complex expanding its physical boundary across the Camp Page site and absorbing Jungdo as a major tourist attraction. The landscape in the future blueprint of Chuncheon will play a great role in restructuring urban form. The regenerated in will have a new networked open space system as well as re-evaluated landscape resources. The hybrid theoretical practice called 'landscape urbanism' burgeoning in the fields between 'landscape architecture' and 'urbanism' can guide us in considering the terms of the relationship between a city and landscape when we design a future city Landscape urbanism is considered to be an effective framework by which we can diagnose the current status of a landscape in our contemporary urban design practice in Korea. This paper tries to provide a different perspective from the viewpoint of landscape urbanism to decipher the hidden implications of the social agreement on the role of landscape in urban structure by re-reading eight design proposals presented for the ChunCheon G5 international design competition based on the main principles of landscape urbanism. The G5 design competition is a great opportunity to test out new ideas on a city, demonstrating the relative values among various urban-design professional realms. First, this paper provides an overview of the main ideas of landscape urbanism based on the literature review and case studies. Second, framework categories are suggested in order to extract the explicit and implicit ideas on the landscape. Third, eight proposals are reviewed according to the suggested categories to situate the current landscape design of Korea within the mainstream of contemporary practice of landscape urbanism. Based on the review of eight proposals, the following diagnostic conclusions are made; first, the ideas of landscape urbanism have not been actively introduced in large-scaled urban landscape projects in Korea like Chuncheon G5. Second, it remains to be a big task for landscape professions to be able to participate in design consortiums on an equal footing. Third, In order to introduce and reify the ideas of landscape urbanism in Korea, it is inevitable and critical to test the ideas in both academic fields and professional practices to find the appropriately adjusted model of landscape urbanism.