• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2023

In the (3,3) close combat model based on the Lanchester Square Law, this study proposes a plan to optimally allocate residual combat power after the battle to other battlefields. As soon as the two camps of three units can grasp each other's information and predict the battle pattern immediately after the battle began, the Time Zero Allocation of Force (TZAF) scenario was used to initially allocate combat power to readjust the combat model. It reflects travel time, which is a "field friction" in which physical distance exists from battlefields that support combat power to battlefields that are supported. By developing existing studies that try to examine the effect of travel time on the battlefield through the combat model, this study forms a (3,3) combat model, which is a large number of minimum units. In order to achieve the combat purpose, the principle of optimal combat force operation is presented by examining the aspect that support combat power is allocated to the two battlefields and the consequent battle results. Through this, various scenarios were set in consideration of the travel time and the situation of the units, and differentiated results were obtained. Although the most traditional, it can be used as the basic logic of the training or the commander's decision-making system using the actual war game model.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2000

This paper deals with complex system theory to describe land combat situation using EINSTein (Enhanced ISAAC Neural Simulation Tool) simulation model. Many studies have shown that existing Lanchester equations used in most wargame models does not describe changes of combat units, real land warfare situation and qualitative factors in combat. Future warfare will be a non-linear combat with various weapon system and complex combat units. EINSTein models is an agent-based simulation tool using complex system theory. We have compared and tested land combat results with Lanchester models and EINSTein models. The results have shown that EINSTein model has a possibility to apply and analyze land warfare more properly than Lanchester models.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2000

This paper deals with complex system theory to describe guerrilla warfare situation using EINSTein (Enhanced ISAAC Neural Simulation Tool) simulation model. EINSTein model is an agent-based artificial "laboratory" for exploring self-organized emergent behavior in land combat. Many studies have shown that existing Lanchester equations used in most guerrilla warfare models do not describe changes of combat units, real guerrilla warfare situation and qualitative factors in combat. Future warfare will be information warfare with various weapon system and complex combat units. We have compared and tested results with Lanchester models and EINSTein model. And the EINSTein model has been applied and analyzed to guerrilla warfare model (C4I facilities, coastal, urbanized terrain critical facilities defense). The results show that the EINSTein model has a possibility to apply and analyze guerrilla warfare more properly than Lanchester models.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.114-130
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• 2006

본 논문은 아인스타인 시뮬레이션모형을 활용하여 상륙전을 묘사하는 복잡계이론을 다룬다. 아인스타인모형은 지상전에서 창발적인 자기조직화를 실험하기 위한 행위자 기반 모델이다. 상륙전의 다양한 형태중 상륙기습, 상륙돌격작전을 아인스타인 모형을 이용 구축하였으며 다양한 입력요소의 변경을 통하여 공간적 요소와 정성적 요소에 따른 전투양상의 변화를 확인할 수 있다. 즉, 통신요소의 변경, 탐지센서의 변경, 병력 재배치, 병력의 분산과 집중, 정성요소의 변경 등을 통해서 기존 란체스터형 전투모형의 단점을 보완함과 동시에 다양한 형태의 전투에 대한 모의 가능성과 발전 가능성을 확인할 수 있다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2016

We propose a new approach to the stochastic version of Lanchester model. Commonly used approach to stochastic Lanchester model is through the Markov-chain method. The Markov-chain approach, however, is not appropriate to high dimensional heterogeneous force case because of large computational cost. In this paper, we propose an approximation method of stochastic Lanchester model. By matching the first and the second moments, the distribution of each unit strength can be approximated with multivariate normal distribution. We evaluate an approximation of discrete Markov-chain model by measuring Kullback-Leibler divergence. We confirmed high accuracy of approximation method, and also the accuracy and low computational cost are maintained under high dimensional heterogeneous force case.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.67-93
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• 1990

The Lanchester equations are widely used for modelling the direct-fire land battle. However, it is recognized that the Lanchester based models are less applicable to direct-fire land combat when the battle size is small, the forces are near parity or the inter-firing times of the combatants do not follw a negative exponential distribution. A comprehensive investigation has been conducted to establish the circumstances under which the Lanchester based models are applicable.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

과거의 전투는 병력이나 화력이 전투의 승패를 좌우하는 요소였다. 그러나 1991년 걸프전 이후 전투에서는 통신, 감시, 정찰, 정보, 사기 등과 같이 비가시적인 요소들이 전투의 승패를 좌우하게 되었다. 이런 요소들은 군사력 규모의 증가없이 무기체계의 성능과 효과를 개선하고 향상시킴으로써 전투에서 결정적인 우위를 제공하기 때문에 전투 지원체계에 대한 전력승수의 평가가 반드시 필요하다. 란체스터 모형(선형, 제곱법칙)은 간단한 방정식으로 전투의 다양성을 정량적으로 고찰하는 기초를 제공하였다. 그러나 현대전 양상이 변화함에 따라 란체스터 모형은 지속적으로 보완이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지형정보가 전투와 전투모형에 얼마나 중요한가를 수리적으로 접근하고 있다. 비록 지형정보가 추상적인 개념이기는 하지만 전투에서 반드시 고려되어야 할 요소임을 시사한다. 또한 전투 전문가들로부터 소모계수에 영향을 미치는 유 무형의 요소들을 계속해서 전투모형에 반영해야만 실제와 가까운 모델이 될 것이며, 현실세계에 시사하는 바도 클 것이다.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.44-53
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• 1991

This paper is aimed to develop a Lanchester type combat model for the direct-fire engagement. This model incorporates number of combatants, inter-firing time, detection time by movement, detection probability by the signature of fire, where the inter-firing time and the detection time are assumed to follow a negative exponential distribution. The approach to modeling is as follows : in the process of an engagement, a combatant takes one of the states('observing' state or 'firing' state), a combatant is initially in the observing state, if the combatant detects a target, he changes his state from 'observing' to 'firing' and will cause attrition to the opposing forces. Thus this transition mechanism is embodied into the differential equation form with each transition rate. A limited examination of the validity has been conducted by comparison with the Monte-Carlo simulation model 'BAGSIM', and with a traditional Deterministic Lanchester model.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

This research studies an attrition rate considering terrain feature in a battlefield. Lanchester-type combat models for heterogeneous forces and the Weapon Effectiveness Index are used in this study. The various environments of the battlefield can be explained by the terrain feature. Attrition rates of heterogeneous model are estimated by applying the battle of Baek-Sek mountain during the Korean War. Estimated attrition rates are checked by the paired samples T-Test. Specific cases are shown in this paper as an example. If we study out the relative influence of the terrain feature upon the performance of individual weapons, these will be a possible alternative to analyze the military operations.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.96-113
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• 1992

A time-varying nonhomogeneous poisson process approximation of the nonexponential stochastic Lanchester model is defined and evaluated over a range of combat parameters including initial force sizes. breakpoints. and interkilling random variables. The proposed approximation is far excellent and takes much less CPU time than the existing models. The sensitivity analysis was peformed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model and three recommended factors are suggested to guide the combat operators.