• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.153-170
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of mother-adolescent communication time on the relationship between maternal meta-emotion philosophy, adolescent psychological adjustment and depression. The participants for this study comprised 181 first and second grade high school students and their mothers, residing in Seoul. The results of the analyses indicated that, (a) maternal disapproving is negatively correlated to adolescents' positive world views, and that maternal laissez-faire is also negatively correlated to adolescents' emotional responsiveness. However, a positive correlation is revealed between maternal emotion-coaching and adolescents' positive self-esteem. (b) It is evident that adolescents' emotional responsiveness is influenced by maternal laissez-faire, and that adolescents' positive self-esteem is influenced by emotion-coaching. It also indicated that mother-adolescent communication time is influenced by dismissing as well as laissez-faire meta-emotion philosophy. (c) It revealed that mother-adolescent communication time, in part, has a meaningful moderating effect on the relationship between meta-emotion philosophy and adolescent depression. Therefore, the present study indicates that even if maternal disapproving, laissez-faire, or dismissing is practiced, adolescent depression levels decrease as mother-adolescent time lengthens.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.273-280
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• 2019

Many studies have shown that job performance and leadership are important in our society. In addition, to improve the quality of work or to improve the work efficiency is still a lot of challenges for each leader. In Vietnam, there are few specific studies on the impact of leadership styles on employee engagement such as: transformational leadership styles, business leadership styles and leadership styles. In the field of higher education, the fewer studies on these issues. A study is conducted to test the impact of leadership styles on the engagement of cadres, lecturers and staff at public universities in Vietnam. Using adjustment techniques, inspecting the scales and theoretical models representing the relationship among the influential factors. The research is based on a sample of 309 cadres, lecturers and staff currently working in universities in Vietnam and used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the relationships among the variables. The study results show that the scales of the variables: transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez faire leadership, job satisfaction and organizational engagement attain the validity and reliability in the research. The study results also show transformational leadership, transactional leadership and laissez faire leadership are directly and indirectly affected by job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.117-143
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• 1999

As information technology becomes an increasingly intrinsic part of business operations and it's use has grown more widespread and ingrained, the demand for study on the CIO's leadership increases.. This study was accomplished to analyze the effect that CIO's transformational and transactional leadership have on leadership performance in pursuit of the ideal leadership required of CIO. The study results reveal the followings. First, CIO's transformational. transactional, and laissez faire leadership is statistically related with leadership performance. Especially, the transformational leadership was more correlated with leadership performance than transactional leadership. Second, leadership performance both of transformational leader and transactional leader was higher than than of laissez faire leader. But leadership performance between transformational leadership and transactional leadership was not statistically significant. Third, many CIOs turn out to possess both transformational and transactional leader's trait, and therefore, the subjects were categorized into the three groups such as: purely transformational leaders, purely transactional leaders, and transformational-transactional leaders. The result shows that leadership performance was high in order of transformational-transactional leader, purely transformational leader, and purely transactional leader. It reveals that leaders possessing both transformational and transactional leadership were more acceptable than the others to the subordinates.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.165-177
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• 2023

In this paper analyzed the impact of innovation of CEOs of small and medium-sized companies, which are rapidly shifting to a digital economy, on corporate performance and how data literacy performs mediating functions. It was confirmed that innovation has a positive effect on corporate performance and that data literacy partially mediates the relationship between innovation and corporate performance. Transformational leadership shows a moderating effect in the relationship between innovation and corporate performance, and transactional leadership showed no moderating effect. Laissez-faire leadership has a moderating effect in the relationship between innovation and data literacy. These results show that innovation is an effective means of improving the organization's management performance, and are expected to awaken the importance of laissez-faire leadership and contribute to the establishment of management strategies.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.101-127
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• 2014

This study aims to understand how and why each stage of capitalism grows and changes into the new direction in the moment of crisis, based on the systems thinking approach through the causal loop feedback structure. To achieve the research purpose, it classifies the evolution process of the capitalistic economic system into 4 types: Capitalism 1.0(Classical Laissez-Faire Capitalism), 2.0(Revised Capitalism), 3.0(Neo-liberalism), and 4.0(New Capitalism for the Future). This study focuses particularly on by which feedback structure the growth, crisis, and new transition of capitalism could be explained. The main research results are as follows. The intended positive feedback structure caused the growth at each early stage of capitalism. After that time, as a result of the uncontrolled growth, the negative feedback structure controlling its growth operated on the one hand, while the positive feedback structure amplifying the crisis did on the other hand. The study suggests the Resilient Capitalism as the new evolutional direction of Capitalism 4.0. It can contribute to strengthening its resilience by which all the economic players can recover promptly and flexibly from the crises such as the failure of competition and unemployment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2014

This study aims to determine dominant leadership styles of the U.S. volunteer fire department and analyzes relationship between leadership styles of a fire chiefs and organizational outcome. This study reviewed 205 volunteer fire fighters in Oklahoma State which is located in middle and southern part of the U.S. As research results, it turned out that the most common leadership type of volunteer fire chiefs is transformational leadership. The second most common leadership type is transactional leadership. Laissez-faire leadership was the least common leadership type. This study analyzed that transformational leadership and transactional leadership have positive relationship with organizational outcome. In contrast, laissez-faire leadership has negative relationship with organizational outcome. Also, it turned out that the volunteer fire fighters evaluate that transformational and transactional leadership decrease as working years of current volunteer fire chiefs increase.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.195-204
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• 2004

Due to growth of diversified media, content screening is the definite procedures. The procedures of screening varies from country by country in various reasons. Therefore, reason of conducting such study is to compare & contrast screening process by countries. In order to clarify definition of terms that measures screening, "censorship" means "legislative filtering process prior to public appearance". In contrary "Rating and/or Classification" is defined opposite of it. After defining these terms, Screening is dignified into two distinctive measures, which are "legislative intereference" and "voluntary notification". Those two measures are again sub-categorized into eight distinctive operational definition. Utilizing those distinctive measures, our study has concluded as US, Japan and some laissez-faire countries use "voluntary notification" systems but in contrast China and Brunei use "legislative filtering" system.? Korea and Australia uses unique combination of both system. In order for Korea to adopt "voluntary notification system", legislative intereference must be weaken and develop strong "voluntary notification" system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.11-25
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• 2004

This study analyzed information sharing and digital divide within family and their consequences on the power structure between parents and their children based on the resource-exchange theory. In-depth interview has been conducted to collect data and materials for analysis. Major findings are: first, children recognized the ability to use information technology as resources, while parents did not; second, digital divide between parents and children seemed to be associated with laissez-faire communication between parents and children and worked as a cause of conflict between parents and children; third, reverse-socialization from children to parents occurred in consumer socialization in the family. Based on the findings, the implications to further research were provided.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.107-129
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• 2002

Expansion and enhancement of information and communication infrastructure can create a market closer to an ideal type for a perfect competition, utilizing a cyber space in the network (with the expanded usage of Internet and e-commerce) and it could be a market of a monopolistic form. The government can take one of the two approaches responding to this monopolization of the digital market. First, the government maintains laissez-faire policy since the monopoly cannot be maintained over a long period of time due to an increasing in the production, decrease in the price, profit resulting from this and rapid technology evolution. Second, the government can actively interrupt the monopolization of the digital market. Monopolization in a digital market can lead to a market failure. Unstable market structure and too much frequent merger and acquisition contribute to making the digital market very dynamic. Information goods exchanged in the digital market have the features of very low marginal cost required to copy the original product whereas its initial fixed cost is very high. This explains why the information products are not priced based on the existing marginal price determination principles and why companies producing them have various product sales strategies (price/product differentiation strategy, and other sales strategies).

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.171-209
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• 2008

The Great Depression is one of the most important economic incidents in the twentieth century. A significant and long-lasting impact of this event is the rise of the government intervention to the economy. Under the catastrophic downturn of the economic condition worldwide, people required their government to play an active role for economic recovery, and this $mentalit{\acute{e}}$ prolonged even after the Second World War. Social science textbooks taught at Korean high schools mostly referred to the Great Depression for explaining the reason of government intervention in economy. However, the mainstream view commonly found in the textbooks provides a misleading theological interpretation. It argues that inherent flaws of the market economy causes over-production/under-consumption, and that this mismatch ends up with economic crisis. The chaotic situation was resolved by substitution of the governments for the market, and the New Deal was introduced as the monumental example ('laissez-faire economy ${\rightarrow}$over-production${\rightarrow}$the Great Depression${\rightarrow}$government intervention${\rightarrow}$economic recovery'). Based on economic historians' researches for past three decades, I argue that this mainstream view commits the fallacy of ex-post justification. Unlike what the mainstream view claims, the Great Depression was neither the result of the 'market failure', nor the recovery from the Great Depression but was due to successful government policies. For substantiating this claim, I suggest three points. First, blaming the weakness or instability of the market economy as the cause of the Great Depression is groundless. Unlike what the textbooks describe, the rise of the U.S. stock price during the 1920s cannot be said as a bubble, and there was no sign of under-consumption during the 1920s. On the contrary, a new consensus emerging from the 1980s among economic historians illustrates that the Great Depression was originated from 'the government failure' rather than from the 'market failure'. Policymakers of European countries tried to return to the gold standard regime before the First World War, but discrepancies between this policy and the reality made the world economy vulnerable. Second, the mainstream view identifies the New Deal as Keynesian interventionism and glorifies it for saving the U.S. economy from the crisis. However, this argument is not true. The New Deal was not Keynesian at all. What the U.S. government actually tried was not macroeconomic stabilization but price and quantity control. In addition, New Deal did not brought about economic recovery that people generally believe. Even after the New Deal, industrial production or employment level remained quite low until the late 1930s. Lastly, studies on individual New Deal policies show that they did not work as they were intended. For example, the National Industrial Recovery Act increased unemployment, and the Agricultural Adjustment Act expelled tenants from their land. Third, the mainstream view characterizes the economic order before the Great Depression as laissez-faire, and it tends to attribute all the vice during the Industrial Revolution era to the uncontrolled market economy. However, historical studies show that various economic and social problems of the Industrial Revolution period such as inequality problems, child labor, or environmental problems cannot be simply ascribed to the problems of the market economy. In conclusion, the remedy for all these problems in high school textbooks is not to use the Great Depression as an example showing the weakness of the market economy. The Great Depression should be introduced simply as a historical momentum that had initiated the growth of government intervention. This reform of high school textbooks is imperative for enhancing the right understanding of economy and history.