• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.191-209
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• 2008

In this paper, we model grain boundary evolution based on a multiple level set method. Grain boundary migration under a curvature-induced driving force is considered and the level set method is employed to deal with the resulting topological changes of grain structures. The complexity of using a level set method for modeling grain structure evolution is due to its N-phase nature and the associated geometry compatibility constraint. We employ a multiple level set method with a predictor-multicorrectors approach to reduce the gaps in the triple junctions down to the grid resolution level. A ghost cell approach for imposing periodic boundary conditions is introduced without solving a constrained problem with a Lagrange multiplier method or a penalty method. Numerical results for both uniform and random grain structures evolution are presented and the results are compared with the solutions based on a front tracking approach (Chen and Kotta et al. 2004b).

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 1990

Mechanical components and structures are a major part of complex systems and the conseguences of their failure can be extremely costly. The ultimate goal of design engineers is to optimize these mechanical and structural design from the point of view of cost, reliability, weight, volume, maintainability and safety. An essential requirement of design optimization is to develop mathematical models for reliability at design stage. This paper is to minimize the cost of resources subject to the constraint that the reliability of the system must meet a specified level. The lagrange multiplier method is used to optimize the lognormal stress-lognormal strength problem. This optimization problem can be reduced to a search problem in one variable. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the optimization problem.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.845-848
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• 2000

운동(motion) 벡터는 보고 있는 카메라와 관측되는 대상물 사이의 상대적인 움직임에 의해서 발생되는 3차원 물체의 속도가 2차원 영상에 투사되어 맺히는 영상에서의 2차원 속도 벡터를 가리킨다 영상에서 물체의 움직임은 3차원 공간상의 운동을 알 수 있는 중요한 정보로써 물체를 추적하는데 응용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 여러 장의 연속적인 2차원 밝기 영상으로부터 카메라의 움직임을 추정하는 문제를 다룬다. 기존의 특징 기반 추적 기법에서는 저 단계의 영상 처리 과정에서 모델과 배경의 특징점이 서로 분리되지 않거나, 모델의 특징(feature)이 소실되었을 경우, 추적이 용이하지 못하고, 카메라와 3차원 물체의 병진과 회전 운동에 의해 발생된 움직임의 경우 3차원 표적 특징이 많이 사라져서 오차가 많이 누적되기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 목표물 및 배경 특징들을 사용하여 카메라의 운동 정보를 찾아내는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 3차원 카메라의 운동 정보 추정 기법은 크게 두 장의 연속된 영상으로부터 3차원 모델과 배경의 많은 특징들에 대한 광류(optical flow) 검색 과정과, 이로부터 취득한 움직임 벡터와 카메라의 비선형 운동 방정식과 Lagrange multiplier를 통한 카메라의 운동 정보 추정 과정으로 구성된다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2000

It is well-known that the decision rule in the mini-mum mean-squares-error decision feedback equalizer(MMSE-DFE) is biased, and therefore suboptimum with respect to error probability. We present a new family of algorithms that solve the bias problem in the adaptive DFE. A novel constraint, called the constant-norm con-straint, is introduced unifying the quadratic constraint and the monic one. A new cost function based on the constant-norm constraint and Lagrange multiplier is defined. Minimizing the cost function gives birth to a new family of unbiased adaptive DFE. The simula-tion results demonstrate that the proposed method in-deed produce unbiased solution in the presence of noise while keeping very simple both in computation and im-plementation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.811-825
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• 1998

An approximate line search is presented for dynamic response optimization with Augmented Lagrange Multiplier(ALM) method. This study empolys the approximate a augmented Lagrangian, which can improve the efficiency of the ALM method, while maintaining the global convergence of the ALM method. Although the approximate augmented Lagragian is composed of only the linearized cost and constraint functions, the quality of this approximation should be good since an approximate penalty term is found to have almost second-order accuracy near the optimum. Typical unconstrained optimization algorithms such as quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods are directly used to find exact search directions and a golden section method followed by a cubic polynomial approximation is empolyed for approximate line search since the approximate augmented Lagrangian is a nonlinear function of design variable vector. The numberical performance of the proposed approach is investigated by solving three typical dynamic response optimization problems and comparing the results with those in the literature. This comparison shows that the suggested approach is robust and efficient.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.538-544
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• 2003

Although many methodologies exist for determining the constrained equations of motion, most of these methods depend on numerical approaches such as the Lagrange multiplier's method expressed in differential/algebraic systems. In 1992, Udwadia and Kalaba proposed explicit equations of motion for constrained systems based on Gauss's principle and elementary linear algebra without any multipliers or complicated intermediate processes. The generalized inverse method was the first work to present explicit equations of motion for constrained systems. However, numerical integration results of the equation of motion gradually veer away from the constraint equations with time. Thus, an objective of this study is to provide a numerical integration scheme, which modifies the generalized inverse method to reduce the errors. The modified equations of motion for constrained systems include the position constraints of index 3 systems and their first derivatives with respect to time in addition to their second derivatives with respect to time. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.81-82
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 PSNR 을 높이도록 최적화된 HEVC 의 율-왜곡 최적화(RDO)를 MS-SSIM 를 높이도록 하여 RDO 를 수행 하도록 한다. 구현 방법으로는 MS-SSIM 도출 방법과 비슷하도록 원본과 4 단계의 저역 통과 필터(LPF)를 통과한 결과에 대한 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) 를 수행하고 그 AC 계수의 비율로 lagrange multiplier(${\lambda}$)를 수정하는 방식이다. AC 계수 비율과 MS-SSIM 에서 도출 된 가중치, LPF 특성 등에 따라 새롭게 각 스케일의 가중치를 결정하여 최종적으로 ${\lambda}$ 가중치를 결정하여 그 결과를 바탕으로 RDO 를 수행한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안의 방법과 HEVC reference software 의 BD-rate 계산 결과 7%의 PNSR, -13.2%의 MS-SSIM 를 얻을 수 있었고 이에 따라 주관적 화질을 개선했다고 할 수 있다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 1998

This paper addresses an optimization for reducing a steering error of a rack-and-pinion steering linkage with a MacPherson strut independent front suspension system. The length, orientations and inner joint positions of a tie-rod are selected as design variables and Ackerman geonetry, understeer effect, minimum turn radius, wheel alignment and packaging are considered as design constraints. Nonlinear kinematic analysis of the steering system is performed for calculating the values of cost and constraints, and Augmented Lagrange Multiplier(ALM) method is used for solving the constrained optinization problem. The optimization results show that the steering error are considerably reduced while satisfying all the constraints.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2002

In this study, an optimal design technique was investigated for determining appropriate dimensions of components of the die set used in the extrusion process. For this, an axi-symmetric elastic finite element program for the analysis of deformation of the shrink fitted die set was developed with the Lagrange multiplier method to implement the constraint condition of shrink fit of stress ring. By coupling the rigid-viscoplastic analysis of extrusion process by CAMPform and elastic analysis of the die set, the optimization study was made by employing optimization program DOT. Considering the various assembly conditions, optimal design was determined for a single stress ring case. It is construed that the proposed design method can be beneficial for improving the tool life of cold extrusion die set at practice.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.395-409
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• 2014

Data limited, partial, or incomplete are known as an ill-posed problem. If the data with ill-posed problems are analyzed by traditional statistical methods, the results obviously are not reliable and lead to erroneous interpretations. To overcome these problems, we propose a dual generalized maximum entropy (dual GME) estimator for panel data regression models based on an unconstrained dual Lagrange multiplier method. Monte Carlo simulations for panel data regression models with exogeneity, endogeneity, or/and collinearity show that the dual GME estimator outperforms several other estimators such as using least squares and instruments even in small samples. We believe that our dual GME procedure developed for the panel data regression framework will be useful to analyze ill-posed and endogenous data sets.