• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.308-315
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• 2020

To obtain a value-added product from the non-toxic brown-backed toadfish Lagocephalus gloveri (pufferfish), we developed a retort pouched pufferfish soup (RPS) and characterized its processing conditions and quality metrics. We found that the most appropriate manufacturing process for the RPS consisted of detoxifying and cold-water dipping the pufferfish flesh, blanching it, and adding it to the retort pouch along with other ingredients (hot-water extract of pufferfish head and carcass, radish, bean sprouts, and garlic), after which the pouch was sealed, sterilized (120℃, F₀ value 7.5-10 min.), cooled, and inspected. The moisture, crude protein, and total volatile basic nitrogen contents of the RPS were 97.2%, 1.3% and 7.7 mg/100 g, respectively. The total free amino acid content was 903.2 mg/100 g, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, lysine, glycine, threonine, alanine, arginine, proline, and hydroxyproline. Sterilizing the RPS for up to F₀ value 10 min. did not cause any major problems in terms of chemical or sensory qualities. This RPS has good storage stability and organoleptic qualities compared with similar commercial pufferfish soups and is suitable for commercialization as a value-added instant seafood soup.

• 한국수산학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.49-50
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.309-314
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• 2008

The toxicity of five species of puffer fish, Arothron firmamentum (Byeolbok), Lagocephalus gloveri (Heukmilbok), L. wheeleri (Eunmilbok), L. inermis (Minmilbok) and L. lunaris (Milbok), collected from fish markets in Korea, was determined using a mouse bioassay. In A. firmamentum, the proportion of toxic specimens containing >10 MU/g was 87.5% in the ovaries, and 10.0% in the skin; no toxicity was detected in the muscle, fin, liver, intestine and gallbladder using the mouse bioassay. The highest toxin levels were found to be 87 MU/g in the ovaries, and 13 MU/g in the skin. Toxic specimens containing >10 MU/g were not detected from samples taken from any of the organs in L. wheeleri and L. inermis. In L. gloveri, most specimens were found to be non-toxic, but toxin levels of 11-72 MU/g were detected from within the skin, fins, and intestines in one specimen. In L. lunaris, the proportion of toxic specimens was 50.0% in the ovaries, and 7.1% in the gallbladder; no toxicity was detected in the other organs by the mouse bioassay. The highest toxin levels were 75 MU/g in the ovaries, and 14 MU/g in the gallbladder. Therefore, the toxicities of edible muscle and skin in the five species of puffer fish marketed in Korea were found to be within acceptable levels for human consumption.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1999

Ten specimens of pufferfish Lagocephalus gloveri(called Gumeun-mibog in Korean) were purchased at a fish market in Pusan Korea. The pufferfishes were immediately frozen packed in ice boxes transpor-ted to our laboratory and then dissected in to four parts. The tissues were homoginized after adding with chloroform: methanol mixture solution and storaged at cool and dark place to extract total lipid. The total lipid contents were 29,34∼36.54% in liver 4.95∼6.11% in intestine 1.08∼1.60% in skin and 0.23∼0.38% in muscle of the pufferfish respectively. The contents of DHA and EPA were higher in the total lipids of livers showing 15.99% DHA and 3.04% EPA. The other fatty acids in the total lipids of liver were mainly composed of palmitic acid(16:0) palmitoleic acid(16:1) stearic acid(18:0) and oliec acid(18:1) Furthermore the contents of neurtral lipids were 95.45% and those of phospholipids and glycolipids were 1.45 and 3.09% respectively. Main fattty acids of the neutral lipid were composed of palmitic acid(16:0) stearic acid(18:0) oleic acid(18:1) oleic acid(18:1) EPA(20:6) and DHA(22:6) The contents of DHA and EPA were 16.62 and 2.41% respectvely. From these results of toxicity in the raw liver the tissue was judged to be nontoxic before and after extracting of total lipid.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2003

The safety of pufferfish (Lagocephalus gloveri) liver oil and the contents of some nutritional components were examined to obtain important information on their use as high valued functional foods. Pufferfish liver oil was extracted by the hot-water method using $1\%$ NaOH solution to remove toxic compounds, and then purified using a general purifying method of fish oil. Any extraordinary clinical symptoms were not observed from all groups administrated with pufferfish liver oil throughout the test period. None of the rats died when administrated the highest concentration of 10 mL/kg of the pufferfish liver oil. Vitamin A content was 114.2 ppm, as a retinal equivalent in the oil extracted using hot-water, but the content was higher (169.3 ppm) in oil extracted using n-hexane. Vitamin D and E were not detected in ppm in oil extracted using hot-water. Vitamin D in the pufferfish liver oil extracted using n-hexane was also undetected, but vitamin E was at 32.5 ppm. Among the 18 minerals detected, the sodium content was the highest at 253.5 ppm, followed by 13.9 ppm ofpotassium, 1.5 ppm of calcium, 0.2 ppm of magnesium, and other trace minerals. The contents of EPA and DHA were $0.8\%\;and\;14.8\%$, respectively, in the pufferfish liver oil extracted using hot-water. Considering these results, there is potential that pufferfish liver oil could be used as a functional food.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.682-689
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• 1994

Ninety-six specimens of nine puffer fishes landed at a fish market of Pusan, Korea were assayed for anatomical distribution of toxicity. The puffers, Lagocephalus gloveri ('geommilbog'), Fugu rubripes rubripes ('jajubog'), Fugu rubripes chinesis ('geomjajubog'), Lagocephalus wheeleri ('hinmilbog') and Arothron firmamentum ('byeolbog'), were shown to be nontoxic in muscle and skin. However, toxicities in skins of four specimens of Lagocephalus gloveri and a specimen of Arothron firmamentum were more than 10MU/g In the puffer, Fugu xanthopterus ('ggachibog'), the skin showed to be weakly toxic as far as nine specimens out of 27 ones are concerned, and the muscle was nontoxic in all specimens. Meanwhile, it was noted that the puffer, Fugu vermicularis radiatus was found to be a toxic species, differing from the toxicity known so far. Their highest toxicities were 3,880, 1,191, 1,115, 219, 289, 5,620 and 753MU/g for liver, intestine, skin, muscle, testis, ovary and bile, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 1998

Twenty seven species of pufferfishes (family Tetraodontidae) have been examined to find their generic characters based on olfactory organ, lateral line system, prickles, body form and color characters of specimens collected in 20 places along the coast of Korea from September, 1989 to July, 1994. Based on nostril shape, the genera of Takifugu, Lagocephalus, Plurancanthus, Spheoides and Feroxodon have two nostrils, and those of Ephippion and Canthigaster have a single nostril or nasal tentacle, while Boesernanichthys, Arothron and Chelonodon have no nostril. In the genera of Lagocephalus, Spheoides, Boesemanichthys, Arothron and Feroxodon have only a single well-developed lateral line on the body, in those of Takifugu and Plurancanthus usually have two lateral lines, and those of Chelonodon and Ephippion have two lateral lines merged on the caudal peduncle. Based on the lateral line system and olfactory organ, genus Canthigaster has different characters from the other genera of the family Tetraodontidae. In Ephippion guttifer, the prickles on the dorsal and lateral of the body are enormously enlarged into plates forming a partial carapace. Of the 22 species which have prickly spines, the genera, Lagocephalus, Takifugu stictonotus and Arothron Stellatus have the larger ventral pricklyy spines than the dorsal ones. In genera Lagocephalus most of the species have prickly spines that coverd both the back and belly, while L. inermis has no prickly spines.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 1990

Twenty four species belonging to 10 genera and 4 families in the suborder Tetraodontoidei in Korea were reviewed and provisional keys to species, genera and families are provided. Among them available specimens of seventeen species in this taxa collected during 1986 to 1990 from Korean waters were examined and recorded on the morphometric characters, their body color and collection sites. And two species are reported for the first time to Korea with their descriptions and figures : Lagocephallus gloveri Abe et Tabeta, 1983 and L. wheeleri Abe,Tabeta et Kitahama, 1984. Taki/ugu chiηensis Abe, previously recorded from Pusan, Korea as paratype locality but not included in the list of Chyung, 1977, is listed in the present paper with the new korean name, "Chambok". Many of this taxa are also distributed throughout the waters of China and Japan. But it is found that the distribution of three species of genus Takifugu are restricted only to the west coast of Korea as well as to the adjacent waters of China in the Yellow Sea ; T. obscurus, T. flavidus and T. basilevskianus. Taxonomy and distribution of this taxa were discussed with references to the information obtained so far.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.645-653
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• 1998

Twenty seven species of pufferfishes (family Tetraoaontidae) have been examined to find their generic characters based on vertebrae and pterygiophore characters of specimens collected in 20 localities along the coast of Korea from March, 1991 to March, 1994. It was divided by 3 groups based on vertebrae number as follow : the genera Lagocephalus, Pleurancanthus, Spheoides, Arothron, Chelonoeon and Canthigaster have 17$\~$19 vertebrae, genera Ephippion, Boesemanichthys and Feroxodon have 20 vertebrae, and genus Takifugu have 19$\~$25 vertebrae, The number of vertebrae ranged from 17 to 25 with the maximum of 25 in Takifugu obscurus. The modal number of vertebrae in Lagocephalus is 17 (L. lunaris), 18 (L. inermis), and 19 (L. gloveri, L. wheeleri, L. larigatus), with the lower number more specialized. Paired neural spines appear at number of the 1st$\~$5th vertebrae in Takifugu pardalis, Takifugu obscurus and at number of the 1 st$\~$4 th vertebrae in the other species and genera. All of the species of Lagocephalus and Pleurancanthus have dorsal and ventral pterygiophores processes, and flat-shaped epural, while none of the abdominal vertebrae processes complete haemal arches. The neural and haemal spines of the last few caudal vertebrae aye shorter in Pleurancanthus than in the other genera, associated with the depressed caudal peduncle. The genus Canthigaster is distinguished the first pterygiophores of the dorsal and ventral fins is always much larger than the others genera. Based on the haemal arches and spines of the abdominal vertebrae, genus Canthigaster has different characters from the other genera of the family Tetraodontidae.