• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권sup1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

Constipation is one of the most common symptoms that a child visits pediatrician. The general approach to the child with functional constipation includes the following steps; disimpaction, maintenance and withdrawal of medication. There are many drugs which can be applied to children; osmotic agents (lactulose, sorbitol, magnesium hydroxide/citrate, polyethylene glycol with/without electrolytes, sodium phosphate, glycerin), stimulants (senna, bisacodyl, caster oil), lubricant (mineral oil), bulking agent (psyllium, cellulose, glucomannan). At each stage of treatment, one or some of these drug can be applied to the purpose. The author tries to summarize recent studies on drugs for constipation in child, and finally introduces new dugs for constipation which is under investigation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1295-1303
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• 2013

현재까지 밝혀진 사실에 의하면 지구상에는 55개 phylum의 bacteria와 13개 phylum의 archaea가 존재하여 총 68개 phylum 있으며, 대장에는 9개 phylum의 미생물이 존재하여 일반 토양환경이나 해양환경에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 미생물 다양성을 가지고 있다. 장내 미생물의 다양성은 Host의 고유특성(genetic background, sex, age, immune system, gut motility)과 식이(nondigestible carbohydrates fat, prebiotics or probiotics), 항생제 섭취 등으로 인하여 영향 받으며, 이러한 영향이 에너지 저장 과정과 유전자 발현을 영향을 주고 나아가 비만과 같은 대사질환에 영향을 미친다. Probiotics는 숙주의 장내 균총을 개선하여 건강에 유익함을 줄 수 있는 살아있는 미생물을 말하며, 주로 lactic acid bacteria들이 이용되어 왔다. 최근 probiotics를 이용한 설사나 과민성대장증후군 등과 같은 질병 치료를 위하여 bacteriotherapy가 활용되고 있다. Prebiotics는 장내 미생물을 선택적으로 조절할 수 있는 식품 성분으로 inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose 등이 이용되고 있으며, 최근에는 비만, 항암과 관련하여 대장 내 식이섬유소의 이용과 단쇄지방산(short-chain fatty acids) 생산에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있다. 다양한 nondigestible carbohydrates와 prebiotics, probiotics에 의해서 조절되는 대장 내 특정 미생물 종을 규명하고, 이들 미생물 종이 생산하는 단쇄지방산과 같은 대사산물들과 질병과의 연관성 규명하는 대장 미생물 연구가 더욱 필요하다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2019

Colibacillosis is one of the major health problems in young piglets resulting in poor health and death caused by Escherichia coli producing F18 pili and Shiga toxin 2e. It is pivotal to reduce colibacillosis in weaned piglets to enhance production performance. In this study, we evaluated synbiotics as the gut health improvement agents in the mouse model challenged with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolated from piglets. Prebiotic lactulose was formulated with each $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ of Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15, Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17, and Lactobacillus plantarum GB 1-3 to produce 3 combinations of synbiotics. A total of 40 three weeks old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): a control group and 3 synbiotics treated groups. Each treatment groups were daily administrated with $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ of one synbiotics for the first week, and every 3 days during the second week. All the mice were challenged with $8.0{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ of STEC 5 days after animals began to receive synbiotics. Mice treated with synbiotics based on Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 and Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17 significantly improved daily weight gain compared to mice in other groups. While mice treated with GB-U15 showed better fecal index, no significant differences were observed among groups. Gross lesion and histopathological evaluations showed that mice treated with GB-U15 moderately improved recovery from STEC infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the synbiotics formulated with lactulose and Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 have potential benefits to prevent and improve colibacillosis in weaned piglets.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.351-355
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• 1995

The fecal tryptophanase activities were $0.267{\pm}0.10$ for rats and $0.185{\pm}0.01{\;}{\mu}mole/min/g$ wet feces for humans. The activities of indole pyruvate degradation to indole, indole pyruvate lyase, of these feces were $0.051{\pm}0.02$ and $0.046{\pm}0.01{\;}{\mu}mole/min/g$ wet feces, respectively. The optimal pH values of tryptophanase and indole pyruvate lyase were 5.5-7.5 and 5.5-6.5, respectively. When the intestinal flora or E. coli HGU-3 was cultured in GAM broth having six different pH values (5 to 10), the activities of tryptophanase and indole pyruvate IYilse in the medium adjusted at pH 6 were dramatically induced by elevating the pH to 9. However, when intestinal microflora were inoculated in the medium containing lactulose, the pro¬ductions of these enzymes were dramatically inhibited and the pH of the medium was lower than that of the control.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.385-388
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• 2015

Three cases of hepatic encephalopathy were diagnosed in scimitar-horned oryxs housed at a zoo. Administration of amino acid and ornithine-aspartate fluid therapy via an intravenous injection decreased serum levels of ammonia and liver enzymes in cases 1 and 2. Further, additional oral ingestion of non-absorbable disaccharide lactulose to eliminate intestinal nitrogenous products enabled recovery of two oryxs. However, in case 3, the serum levels of ammonia and liver enzymes increased even after treatment, and the oryx died. Necropsy revealed cecum and colon compaction due to stiff dried feces, and this condition could have an adverse effect on increased blood ammonia levels that may have caused mortality. Overconsumption of pellets may have been the primary cause of hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, a fiber rich diet with decreased amount of pellets is needed to prevent hepatic encephalopathy, since the normal diet of scimitar-horned oryxs is rich in fiber.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2006

A 16-month old boy was referred to our hospital for evaluation of recurrent generalized tonic clonic seizures. Metabolic evaluation revealed significant hyperammonemia ($1,112\;{\mu}g/dl$). Amino acid/acylcarnitine screening using tandem mass spectrometry showed markedly increased plasma levels of citrulline ($1,350\;{\mu}M/l$) with undetectable levels of arginine and arginosuccinic acid. Urinary excretion of citrulline was markedly increased ($38,617\;{\mu}M/g$ creatinine). Brain MRI findings showed diffuse high-signal intensity lesions, that involved gray and white matter in both frontal lobes and insula with edematous changes; these findings were consistent with the acute stage of citrullinemia (CTLN). Mutation analysis of the argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) gene, in this patient, showed a Gly324Ser mutation in exon 13, and a 67-bp duplication mutation in exon 15 (c.1128-6_1188dup67). The patient was confirmed as having late-onset CTLN1 and treated with anticonvulsants, lactulose enema, protein restricted diet and arginine. Here we describe a case of late-onset CTLN1 in a patient by biochemical analyses and ASS gene mutation confirmation. This is the first report of a Korean patient with late-onset CTLN1 confirmed by ASS gene mutation identification.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.316-318
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• 2014

3년령 한국 집고양이가 갑작스럽게 발병한 간헐적 경련 증상을 주 증상으로 내원하였다. 신체검사상 구리 빛 홍채가 관찰되었고, 양안에서 위협반사 소실이 관찰되었다. 혈액학 검사와 혈청 화학 검사에서 경증의 적혈구 증가증과 심한 소적혈구증, 증가된 ALT 활성도가 확인되었으며, 추가로 실시한 간기능 평가에서는 담즙산염 농도와 암모니아 농도가 증가하였다. 방사선 검사에서 간 내 다수의 결절이 관찰되었고, 간외성 션트 혈관을 발견하였으며, 추가로 실시한 컴퓨터 단층 촬영을 통해 복합 간외션트를 확인하였다. 고양이는 션트 혈관에 대한 외과적 처치술을 받기 위해 증상 완화를 위한 디아제팜과 락툴로즈를 투여하였으나 경련이 심화되었고, 심장 정지가 와서 폐사하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.376-379
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• 2013

4주령의 0.6 kg 암컷 스콧티쉬 폴드 고양이가 예방 접종을 위해 내원하였다. 신체 검사에서 수양성 분변이 질에서 나오는 것이 확인 되었고 항문은 폐쇄되어 있었다. 방사선 양성 조영 검사에서 직장질루, 확장된 결장이 확인 되었다. 영상 검사에 기초하여 Type III 의 항문 무형성과 직장 질루가 병발한 것으로 최종 진단 하였다. 수술적인 직장 질루의 폐쇄와 항문의 재건이 실시되었다. 수술 후 소화능력을 향상시키기 위해서 락툴로즈와 식이요법을 실시 하였고, 고양이는 수술 후 2주에 배변 조절이 가능해졌으며, 8개월 후 추적조사에서 합병증 없이 배변조절 상태가 유지 되었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.28-30
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• 2013

A 66-year-old male with chronic alcoholism presented with tremor, gait disturbance, memory impairment, insomnia, decreased appetite, and confusion. The patient had been taking lithium daily for treatment of bipolar disorder. Brain CT showed no specific abnormality, and serum lithium and ammonia levels were 3.63 mEq/L (therapeutic range, 0.6~1.2 mEq/L) and $85{\mu}g/dL$ (reference range: $19{\sim}54{\mu}g/dL$), respectively. Therefore, the initial differential diagnosis included chronic lithium intoxication, hepatic encephalopathy, Wernicke encephalopathy, or alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Even with the provision of adequate hydration, the patient's neurologic status did not show improvement, so that lactulose enema, thiamine replacement, and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) were started on the third admission day. By the fifth admission day he had made a rapid neurologic recovery, and was discharged on the 20th admission day. Therefore, CVVHDF might be a treatment for patients with chronic lithium intoxication, because, even if serum lithium concentration is normal, lithium concentration in the brain may be different from that of the serum.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1199-1208
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios. Methods: Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of dry matter) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine. Metabolite levels in serum and milk were estimated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses performed using Chenomx 8.4. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and multivariate analysis were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: In the principal component analysis, a clear distinction between the two groups regarding milk metabolites while serum metabolites were shown in similar. In serum, 95 metabolites were identified, and 13 metabolites (include leucine, lactulose, glucose, betaine, etc.) showed significant differences between the two groups. In milk, 122 metabolites were identified, and 20 metabolites (include urea, carnitine, acetate, butyrate, arabinitol, etc.) showed significant differences. Conclusion: Our results show that different concentrate to forage feed ratios impact the metabolite levels in the serum and milk of lactating Holstein cows. A higher number of metabolites in milk, including those associated with milk fat synthesis and the presence of Escherichia coli in the rumen, differed between the two groups compared to that in the serum. The results of this study provide a useful insight into the metabolites associated with different concentrate to forge feed ratios in cows and may aid in the search for potential biomarkers for subacute ruminal acidosis.