• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2019.07a
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• pp.230-232
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• 2019

Light Triggerd Thyristor (LTT)는 HVDC 및 산업용 스위치 등에 사용되는 대전력 반도체소자이다. 일반적인 Thyristor가 전기적 신호에 의해 trigger 되는 것과는 다르게 LTT는 광신호에 의해 동작하는 소자이다. 본 논문에서는 5,000V, 2,200A 급의 4인치 LTT 소자의 제작 및 전기적인 특성평가 결과를 기술하였다. 4인치 LTT의 구조적인 특징은 전면부 중앙에 광신호가 주입되는 수광부가 위치해 있으며 입력 전류 증폭을 위한 4-단계 증폭 게이트 (gate) 구조를 가지도록 설계하였다. $400{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ 비저항을 갖는 1mm 두께의 n-형 실리콘 웨이퍼에 boron 이온주입과 열처리 공정으로 약 $30{\mu}m$ 깊이의 p-base를 형성하였으며, 고내압 저지를 위한 edge termination은 VLD (variable lateral doping) 기술을 적용하였다. 제작된 4인치 LTT는 6,500 V의 순방향 항복전압 ($V_{DRM}$) 특성을 나타내었으며, 100V의 어노드전압 ($V_A$)과 20 mA의 게이트전류 ($I_G$)에 의하여 thyristor가 trigger 됨을 확인하였다. 제작한 LTT 소자는 disk형 press-pack 패키지를 진행한 후, LTT의 수광부에 $10{\mu}s$, 50 mW의 900 nm 광 펄스를 조사하여 전류 특성을 평가하였다. LTT 패키지 샘플에 60 Hz 주파수의 광 펄스를 조사한 경우 2,460 A의 순방향 평균전류 ($I_T$)와 $336A/{\mu}s$의 반복전류상승기울기 (repetitive di/dt)에 안정적으로 동작함을 확인하였다. 또한, 펄스 전류 시험의 경우 61.6 kA의 최대 통전 전류 (ITSM, surge current)와 $1,050A/{\mu}s$의 펄스전류 상승 기울기 (di/dt of on-state pulse current)에도 LTT의 손상 없이 동작함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.300-303
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• 2003

The design rule for 8.5kV LTT was discussed here. An inherent integrated breakover diode (BOD) for self -protection function and multi-amplified gate (AG) for improved di/dt capability of LTT was introduced in principle. The trade-off between light triggering input source and high dV/dt limitation has been treated via narrow grooved P-base for gate design. Key process technology for LTT was given, too.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.312-321
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• 2024

Tomato is a widely distributed, cultivated, and commercialized vegetable crop. Recently, an increasing trend has been observed in the consumption of transgenic crops with enhanced functional components. However, consumer concerns regarding genotoxicity have been increasing. This study examined the genotoxicity of transgenic tomato (LTT) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system through a bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, and mammalian micronucleus test. In the bacterial reverse mutation assay, LTT did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, or Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, irrespective of the presence or absence of S9. LTT did not cause clastogenic or aneugenic chromosomal abnormalities during metaphase in CHL cells. Moreover, LTT did not increase the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the polychromatic erythrocytes. These findings can be used as a foundation to assess the genotoxicity of transgenic crops using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the future.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.188-192
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• 2013

Previous work proposed combining multipulse pulse position modulation (MPPM) with pulse amplitude modulation to form multipulse amplitude and position modulation (MPAPM), which is a hybrid modulation that results in an improvement in bandwidth efficiency but a degradation in power efficiency. In this paper, to achieve greater power efficiency and a better data rate, we propose multipulse dual amplitude-width modulation, based on MPAPM and pulse width modulation. The proposed scheme shows a remarkable improvement in data rate and a 1.5-dB improvement in power efficiency over MPAPM, while sustaining the bandwidth efficiency. After introducing symbol structure, we present the theoretical expressions of spectral efficiency, the power requirements, and the normalized data rate, as well as the results of comparing the proposed modulation to MPPM and MPAPM.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Embedded systems are used in many fields such as home appliances, terminals, controls, communications, etc. So, to manage, control, and test these embedded systems, monitoring programs have been developed variously. In this paper, to overcome the characteristic faults of embedded systems which have resource restrictions, we implemented a development environment based on NFS and designed a monitoring tool that can evaluate and analyze kernel performance in embedded equipment by using LTT(Linux Trace Toolkit). Also, we designed a method to show monitoring data collected by using a monitoring tool, called MONETA 2.0, through the web-page.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.397-400
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• 2004

The design concept for 8kV light triggering thyristor(LTT) with integrated BOD was discussed here in detail. The trade-off between light triggering input source againsthigh dV/dt limitation has been treated via grooved P-base for gate design. The main application point used for high voltage DC transmission(HVDC) was represented.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2013

This study aimed to understand the physiological status of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua at low developmental threshold temperature (LTT) through analysis of gene-expression patterns associated with different functions (metabolism, nervous system, immune, and stress). The estimated LTTs for egg, larval, and pupal developments varied with $5.5{\sim}11.6^{\circ}C$. Larvae were able to develop at the lower temperatures than eggs and pupae. However, the physiological LTT ($15^{\circ}C$) in the fifth instar was much higher than the estimated LTT ($10.3^{\circ}C$). Gene expression patterns estimated by a quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) indicate that most genes in different functional groups increased their expressions with increase of larval instars. In the same fifth instar, as the treatment temperatures increased, the gene expression levels increased. Moreover, the newly molted fifth instar larvae were different in their gene expression rates according to their previous culturing temperatures. Most gene expressions were suppressed in the fifth instar larvae at the physiological LTT ($15^{\circ}C$). However, the larvae at $15^{\circ}C$ gradually exhibited significant increase in the gene expression rates with rearing time just like those at the higher temperature. These results suggest that S. exigua at LTT exhibits a typical gene expression pattern with maintaining significantly suppressed levels.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.411-418
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• 2019

Light-triggered thyristors (LTTs) are essential components in high-power applications, such as HVDC transmission and several pulsed-power applications. Generally, LTT fabrication includes a deep diffusion of aluminum as a p-type dopant to form a uniform p-base region, which needs careful concern for contamination and additional facilities in silicon semiconductor manufacturing factories. We fabricated 4-inch 5,000 V LTTs with boron implantation and diffusion process as a p-type dopant. The LTT contains a main cathode region, edge termination designed with a variation of lateral doping, breakover diode, integrated resistor, photosensitive area, and dV/dt protection region. The doping concentration of each region was adjusted with different doses of boron ion implantation. The fabricated LTTs showed good light triggering characteristics for a light pulse of 905 nm and a blocking voltage (V_DRM) of 6,500 V. They drove an average on-state current (I_TAVM) of 2,270 A, peak nonrepetitive surge current (I_TSM) of 61 kA, critical rate of rise of on-state current (di/dt) of 1,010 A/㎲, and limiting load integral (I²T) of 17 MA²s without damage to the device.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5D
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• pp.731-738
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• 2006

Facing congestion, people want to know traffic information about their routes, especially real-time link travel time (LTT). In this paper, as a sequel paper of the previous non-taxi based LTT generating study by Choi et al. (1998), taxi based GPS probes have been tried to produce LTT for urban arterials. Taxis in itself are good deployment mode of GPS probes although it by nature experiences boarding and alighting time noises which should be accounted. A heuristic real-time dynamic outlier filter algorithm for taxi GPS probe has been developed focusing on urban arterials. An actual traffic survey for dynamic link travel times has been conducted using license plate method for the test arterials of Seoul city transportation network. With the algorithm, it is estimated that 70% of outliers have been filtered and the relative error has been improved by 73.7%. The filtering algorithm developed here would be expected to be in use for other spatial sites with some calibration efforts. Some limitations and future research agenda have also been discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.24.2-24.2
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• 2009

We present the results of new CCD photometry for the contact binary BX Peg, made during three successive months beginning on September 2008. As do historical light curves, our observations display an O'Connell effect and the November data by themselves indicate clear evidence for very short-time brightness disturbance. For these variations, model spots are applied separately to the two data set of Group I (Sep.--Oct.) and Group II (Nov.). The former is described by a single cool spot on the secondary photosphere and the latter by a two-spot model with a cool spot on the cool star and a hot one on either star. These are generalized manifestations of the magnetic activity of the binary system. Twenty light-curve timings calculated from Wilson-Devinney code were used for a period study, together with all other minimum epochs. The complex period changes of BX Peg can be sorted into a secular period decrease caused dominantly by angular momentum loss due to magnetic stellar wind braking, a light-travel-time (LTT) effect due to the gravitational effect of a low-mass third companion, and a previously unknown short-term oscillation. This last period modulation could be produced either by a second LTT orbit with a period of about 16 yr due to the existence of a fourth body or by the effect of magnetic activity with a cycle length of about 12 yr.