• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.42-59
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• 1990

세계적인 추세에 근거하여, 디지틀 이동 통신용 음성 부호화 방식 표준안 선정을 위해 평가 대상 방식으로 DSBC(Dynamic bit allocation SubBand Coding), RPE-LTP(Regular Pulse Excited Long Term Prediction),CELP(Code Excited Linear Prediction) 등을 선정한 바 있다.본 논문에서는 이들 방식중 13 kbps RPE-LTP의 실현 및 성능평가에 관하여 다루었다. 먼저 음질에 중요한 영향을 미치는 분석/합성부호화에 근거한 파라미터 양자화 방법 그리고 채널 코딩과의 연계를 위한 비트 중요도 해석 등을 언급하였다. 끝으로 시뮬레이션 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1999

Weed identification is important for precision farming. A machine vision system was applied to detect weeds. Shape features were analyzed with the binary images obtained from color images of radish, purslane, goosefoot, and crabgrass. Features studied were aspect, roundness, compactness, elongation, PTB, LTP, LTW, and PTAL of each plant. Discriminant analysis was used to classify plant species. The best shape features that distinguished crabgrass were LTP and LTW which distinguished the crabgrass from the others with 100%. Two dimensional discrimination by using LTP and PTB appeared to be effective for distinguishing radish, purslane, and goosefoot.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.419-429
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• 2022

An integral domain R is an RTP domain (or has the radical trace property) (resp. an LTP domain) if I(R : I) is a radical ideal for each nonzero noninvertible ideal I (resp. I(R : I)R_P = PR_P for each minimal prime P of I(R : I)). Clearly each RTP domain is an LTP domain, but whether the two are equivalent is open except in certain special cases. In this paper, we study the descent of these notions from particular overrings of R to R itself.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2004

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment using oxygen gas was applied to a wool fabric. The LTP treated wool fabric was tested with several methods: ASTM D5035-1995, ASTM D1424-1996, AATCC Test Method 99-2000, AATCC Test Method 61-2001 lA, AATCC Test Method 15-2002 and AATCC Test Method 8-2001 and the results were compared with the industrial requirements (ASTM D3780-02 and ASTM D4155-0l). The results revealed that the LTP treated wool fabric could fulfil the industrial requirements. The results of the investigation were discussed thoroughly in this paper.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2008

For the modification of wool surface, wool fabrics treated with oxygen low-temperature plasma(LTP) and dichloroisocyanuric acid(DCCA) were dyed with milling type acid dye. The difference of dyeing properties on modified and control wool fabric were investigated. DCCA treated wool showed that saturation dye uptake and dyeing desorption ratio were higher than LTP treated wool. Dyeing transition temperatures of DCCA and LTP treated wool fabrics were 20$^{\circ}C$ degree lower than control wool fabric. In light color fastness test, DCCA treated wool fabric was 1 grade lower than LTP or control wool fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.1 s.149
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• pp.20-30
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate demographic profiles between the consumer group under high time pressure(HTP) and the group under low time pressure(LTP) during the shopping, to examine the level of association between the fashion information sources and time pressure variable, to determine the difference in clothing benefits sought between HTP and LTP, and to determine the difference in purchase criteria. We distributed questionnaires to 600 women aged in 20-65. The reliable 562 questionnaires were used for a statistical analysis. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS program on t-test, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and Chi square test. We obtained the following results: There was a significant association between demographic variables such as age, occupation, education, residence area, & family cycle and time pressure variable. Fashion information sources were classified into 4 factors. HTP searched information on fashion products using more various sources than LTP did. There was also a significant difference between HTP and LTP in clothing benefit sought. Four clothing benefit factors such as trendy/social position, economic value, protection/comfort, and makeup of body shape were sought more by HTP than by LTP. In addition, HTP considered significantly more purchase criteria such as color/pattern, comfort, quality, suitability, material, sewing finishing, coordination, price, brand, easy care, and country of origin than LTP.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the injury of putative parvalbumin positive interneurons defined by molecular marker and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a marker of neural plasticity following acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1100 ppm CO for 40 minutes followed by 3000 ppm CO for 20 minutes. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injection of NAC (150 mg/kg) for 5 days after CO exposure. Changes in learning and spatial memory were evaluated by Y-maze test 5 days after the poisoning. In vivo LTP in hippocampal CA1 area was evaluated by using extracellular electrophysiological technique. Immunohistochemical staining were adopted to observe expressional damages of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive interneurons in the hippocampus following the poisoning. Results: Acute CO intoxication resulted in no changes in memory performance at Y-maze test but a significant reduction of LTP in the in hippocampal CA1 area. There was also a significant reduction of PV (+) interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 area 5 days after CO poisoning. Daily treatment of NAC significantly improved hippocampal LTP impairment and reduced immunoreactivity for PV in the hippocampus following the acute CO poisoning. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that reduction of hippocampal LTP and PV (+) interneurons in the hippocampus is sensitive indicator for brain injury and daily NAC injections can be the alternative therapeutics for the injury induced by acute CO poisoning.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.317-327
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between low tongue position (LTP) and the volume and dimensions of the nasopharyngeal, retropalatal, retroglossal, and hypopharyngeal segments of the upper airway. Methods: A total of 194 subjects, including 91 males and 103 females were divided into a resting tongue position (RTP) group and a LTP group according to their tongue position. Subjects in the LTP group were divided into four subgroups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to the intraoral space volume. The 3D slicer software was used to measure the volume and minimum and average cross-sectional areas of each group. Airway differences between the RTP and LTP groups were analyzed to explore the association between tongue position and the upper airway. Results: No significant differences were found in the airway dimensions between the RTP and LTP groups. For both retropalatal and retroglossal segments, the volume and average cross-sectional area were significantly greater in the patients with extremely low tongue position. Regression analysis showed that the retroglossal airway dimensions were positively correlated with the intraoral space volume and negatively correlated with A point-nasion-B point and palatal plane to mandibular plane. Males generally had larger retroglossal and hypopharyngeal airways than females. Conclusions: Tongue position did not significantly influence upper airway volume or dimensions, except in the extremely LTP subgroup.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 2017

Vestibular compensation is a recovery process from vestibular symptoms over time after unilateral loss of peripheral vestibular end organs. The aim of the present study was to observe time-dependent changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the CA1 area of the hippocampus during vestibular compensation. The input-output (I/O) relationships of fEPSP amplitudes and LTP induced by theta burst stimulation to Schaffer's collateral commissural fibers were evaluated from the CA1 area of hippocampal slices at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). The I/O relationships of fEPSPs in the CA1 area was significantly reduced within 1 week post-op and then showed a non-significant reduction at 1 month after UL. Compared with sham-operated animals, there was a significant reduction of LTP induction in the hippocampus at 1 day and 1 week after UL. However, LTP induction levels in the CA1 area of the hippocampus also returned to those of sham-operated animals 1 month following UL. These data suggest that unilateral injury of the peripheral vestibular end organs results in a transient deficit in synaptic plasticity in the CA1 hippocampal area at acute stages of vestibular compensation.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between each phase of the Life Transition Process (LTP) and depressive symptoms among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, data pertaining to LTP and depressive symptoms were collected from 285 parents of children with ASD (101 fathers and 184 mothers). Participants were recruited through the Autism Society of Korea and a counseling center for families of children with ASD. Results: Using a cut-off point of 5 or higher on the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form, more than half of the parents (53.4%) were deemed depressed; these parents experienced moderate (27.4%) to severe (11.6%) levels of depressive symptoms. A hierarchical multiple regression using the socio-demographic characteristics of children and parents and each phase of the LTP as predictors, found that lower income (${\beta}=-.14$, p=.007) and greater scores for the wandering phase (${\beta}=.59$, p<.001) were significant predictors of greater levels of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings confirm the association between LTP and depressive symptoms for parents of children with ASD, who were found to have a greater risk of depressive symptoms during wandering phase.