• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to figure out the treatment of coldness in hands and Feet by using Delphi survey. Method : This study was approved by institutional review boards at Kyung Hee University. Self recording type delphi survey were sent by e-mail to 55 Korean medicine specialists (19 gynecologist, 36 internal medical doctors) who treat coldness in hands and Feet. And replies were analyzed. As this study is cross sectional study, simple descriptive analysis was applied. Results & Conclusion : Herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion were mainly applied and extract (granule), pharmacopuncture, bee venom pharmacopuncture and cupping therapy were also added case by case. Treatment was done twice a weak for 4 months. Cupping therapy was done at GB21 and SI11. Bee venom pharmacopuncture and Kidney yang deficiency pharmacopuncture were applied at ST36, GB21, CV4 and LR3. As extract (granule) Ijungtang, Dangguisayeokgaosuyusaenggangtang and Dangguisayeoktang were mainly used and as herbal medicine formula Palmijihwangwon, Bojungikgitang, Ijungtang, Danggwisayeok-gaosuyusaenggangtang and Danggwisayeoktang were mainly prescribed. Comprehensive treatment of acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine was considered to have more effective and more rapid result than single treatment of herbal medicine have.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.769-775
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• 2010

The genus Lespedeza belonging to Leguminosae is an annual or perennial herb, which has been used as a Chinese herbal medicine. Antioxidant activity on DPPH ((1,1)-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and the contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were analyzed with 12 methanol extracts from six Lespedeza genus plants with different plant parts. The highest content of total polyphenol was detected in the leaves of Lespedeza$\times$robusta (194.6 mg GAE/g), while the highest content of total flavonoid existed in the aerial part of Lespedeza thunbergii var. intermedia (47.9 mg QE/g). Generally, the amounts of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds were higher in the leaves than in the stems. The $SC_{50}$ value of DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 10.16 to 90.94 ppm, of which the strongest activity was determined in the leaves of L. robusta. Most ABTS radical scavenging activities from the investigated methanol extracts were higher than that of L-ascorbic acid, implying the excellent antioxidant activity. The radical scavenging activity in this study showed high correlation with the amount of total polyphenol rather than that of total flavonoid. These data suggest that the methanol extracts from these Lespedeza spp. could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.163-174
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on Heart Rate Variability(HRV) of patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Subjects were voluntarily recruited through newspaper and internet advertisement. All the subjects were confirmed as idiopathic Parkinson's disease by a neurologist. Patients were divided into three groups. Experimental group was acupunctured based on Sasang Constitution. Standard group was acupunctured on $LR_3$, $GB_{34}$ and $ST_{36}$. Control group was sham-acupunctured. Acupuncture was applied 2 times a week for four weeks by an oriental medical doctor at Kyung-hee Oriental Medical Hospital. The patients were assessed by HRV before and 4 weeks after the treatment. Results : The results were as follows 1. In experimental group, increase in SDNN, TP, LF, HF Nonn were statistically significant after 4 weeks compared to the pre-treatment. 2. In standard group, increase in SDNN, TP, LF were statistically significant after 4 weeks compared to the pre-treatment. 3. After 4 weeks of treatment SDNN, LF showed statistically significant cufferences among three groups. Conclusions : This study suggests that acupuncture treatment based on Sasang Constitution and other specific acupuncture treatment can be beneficial for patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Further study on various acupuncture treatment for Parkinson's disease is required.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2001

A new analytical method of cyanobacterial toxins, i, e, microcysins was deveeloped using supercritical fluid extraction(SFE). The microcystins mcluded in the study are sparsely soluble in neat supercritical fluid CO$_2$ However, the microcystins were successfully extracted with a temary mixture(90% CO$_2$,9.0% methanol 1.0% water) at 40$^{\circ}$C and 250 atm. The SFE method developed in this study has several advantages over solid-phase extraction(SPE) sample preparation for the analysis of microcystins. Sample handling steps are minimized thus reducing possible losses of analytes and saving analysis time. No clean-up steps are employed in this SFE method. Althouhgh many methods have been described for microcystim RR and LR, the method using solid-phase extraction with ODS cartridges is the most commonly used. However, the adsorbing power of ODS caridges for microcystins is weak, so we have attempted to use a more polar CN cartridge, to increase the adsorbing power for microcystins. Lyophilized cells(100mg) were wxtracted with 5% (v/v) acetic acid. The extract was centrifuged and then the supernatant was applied to a CN cartridge. The cartridge which contained microcystins was rinsed with 5 ml of water and 5 ml of 0.5 M acetic acid. followed by 5 ml of 5% acetonitrile in water , and were determined by HPLC. Better recoveries and chromatogram were observed than with ODS cartridge.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide and there is a significant association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer. Certain HPV groups, labeled high-risk (HR) HPV groups, are strongly associated with malignancies of the human cervix. HPV prevalence and genotype distribution were analyzed using the REBA $HPV-ID^{(R)}$ (YD Diagnostics, Yongin, Korea) assay based on the reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) with a total of 324 liquid-based cytology samples from women in Western Shandong Province, East China and results were compared with cytological diagnosis. Most of the HPV genotypes that were detected in high-grade cervical lesions were HR-HPV genotypes such as HPV 16, 18, 33, 53, and 58. The prevalence of these HR-HPV genotypes increased in high-grade cervical lesions. However, from low- to high-grade cervical lesions, the ability to detect LR-HPV genotypes decreased. Additionally, in general, the single HPV genotype infection rate increases in proportion to the severity of the lesion. The study findings suggest that a currently available preventive vaccine against HPV 16 and 18 may have limited effectiveness for prevention of all HPV infection in this province. Finally, based on these findings, these data could guide national or regional vaccination programs in the Western Shandong Province of East China to substantially reduce the burden of cervical lesions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.97-109
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• 2010

Objective : To examine whether any correlation between tendency towards depression and tenderness at special acupuncture points exists, thus to explore the potential diagnostic property of acupuncture points. Methods : A total 31 subjects were included in this study. They filled out questionnaires about their mental [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), Profile of Mood States (POMS)] and physical (fatigue due to overexertion, and food accumulation) symptoms. Identical weight around Alarm points (CV17, CV12, ST25, CV5, CV4, and LR13) and transport points (BL14, BL20, BL21, BL22, BL25, and BL27) was given using an algometer and the subjects rated their pain on an 11-point numerical rating scale. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also measured. Results : The subjects were divided into two groups, normal and depressive tendency groups with a cut-off point of nine on BDI. The depressive tendency group reported significantly higher values in SRI, POMS, and questionnaire for fatigue due to overexertion. In the pressure pain measurement, depressive tendency group had more pressure pain at CV12, left side of BL20, BL14, BL22 and both sides of BL21, BL25, BL27, significantly (each p<0.05). The data of HRV did not show significant differences between groups. Conclusions : People with a tendency towards depression may be prone to stress, negative mood, and fatigue due to overexertion. In addition, they may be more likely to develop tenderness at alarm points and transport points compared with healthy people. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.485-494
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• 2016

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the impact and determinants of bilateral Free Trade Agreements on international total bulk shipment trade volume at the port of Korea using the Panel Gravity Model. The model estimates the aggregated panel data of exports and imports (excluding transshipment) as a dependent variable during the period from 1996 to 2015. GDP, GDP per capita, distances between bilateral countries, and FTA dummies are included as independent variables. And the economic integration of FTAs including ASEAN+3 and NAFTA3 countries were used as dummy variables. Study results show that GDP and GDP per capita have positive impacts on bulk shipment trade volume at the port of Korea. In addition, Korea's bilateral FTAs with Singapore, India and the United States have positive effects on total bulk trade volume in Korea. This is the so called trade creation effect. On the other hand, ASEAN+3 and NAFTA have negative effects on the total bulk trade. This is the so called trade diversion effect. Also, the distance between Korea and its trade partners has a negative impact. These findings provide insights for: further academic research, site operators who work in related trade and maritime sectors, and policy makers engaged in port and maritime operations. The results can be used to develop strategies for maximizing bulk port throughput.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.298-300
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• 2003

ea­RED(Efficient Adaptive RED)[1][2]는 다수의 TCP 커넥션이 경쟁하는 병목구간에서 인터넷 라우터 버퍼를 능동적으로 관리하는 다양한 AQM(Active Queue Management) 알고리즘 중의 하나로 RED 라우터 버퍼 관리 알고리즘의 성능을 개선한 라우터 버퍼 관리 알고리즘이다. RED 라우터가 TD 라우터와 같은 네트워크 퍼포먼스를 유지하면서 TCP 커넥션 간 페어니스를 향상시키기 위해서는 link bandwidth. active 커넥션 수. congestion level 등에 대한 네트워크 상태를 고려하여 파라미터에 적절한 값을 설정해야만 한다. 문제는 다이내믹하게 변하는 네트워크 상황에 적합한 파라미터 값을 초기에 설정해주는 것이 매우 어렵다는 점이다. [3]. ea­RED는 max threshold와 min threshold 값을 네트워크 상황에 따라 동적으로 조절함으로써 이런 문제를 해결했고, 기존 RED에 비해 라우터 버퍼는 50% 정도만 사용하면서도, 페어니스 인덱스(Fairness Index)[4]가 최대 41.42% 개선되었다. [1] [2] 그러나 송신 TCP 커넥션의 수가 늘어날수록 성능향상에 대한 효과가 감소되었고, 드롭 패킷수가 TD나 RED 라우터 버퍼관리 알고리즘에 비해 많았기 때문에 라우터의 출력(output) 총 패킷 용량이 최대 약 2.3% 정도 TD나 RED 라우터 버퍼관리 알고리즘에 비해 적었다. 이 부분을 개선하기 위해 기존 ea­RED 알고리즘에 LR_Lines 예측 알고리즘을 적용한 ea­RED++ 알고리즘을 구현하였고, 실험 결과 페어니스 인덱스는 기존 ea­RED에 비해 최대 약 30% 정도 향상되었고, 총 output 패킷 용량의 손실률은 최대 50%정도 감소하여 기존 ea­RED에 비해 향상된 성능을 보여주었다.웍스 네트워크상의 다양한 디바이스들간의 네트워크 다양화와 분산화 기능을 얻을 수 있었고, 기존의 고가의 해외 솔루션인 Echelon사의 LonMaker 소프트웨어를 사용하지 않고도 국내의 순수 솔루션인 리눅스 기반의 LonWare 3.0 다중 바인딩 기능을 통해 저 비용으로 홈 네트워크 구성 관리 서버 시스템 개발에 대한 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 기대된다.e 함량이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 점미가 수가용성분에서 goucose대비 용출함량이 고르게 나타나는 경향을 보였고 흑미는 알칼리가용분에서 glucose가 상당량(0.68%) 포함되고 있음을 보여주었고 arabinose(0.68%), xylose(0.05%)도 다른 종류에 비해서 다량 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 흑미는 총식이섬유 함량이 높고 pectic substances, hemicellulose, uronic acid 함량이 높아서 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 효과가 기대되며 고섬유식품으로서 조리 특성 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.리하였다. 얻어진 소견(所見)은 다음과 같았다. 1. 모년령(母年齡), 임신회수(姙娠回數), 임신기간(姙娠其間), 출산시체중등(出産時體重等)의 제요인(諸要因)은 주산기사망(周産基死亡)에 대(對)하여 통계적(統計的)으로 유의(有意)한 영향을 미치고 있어 $25{\sim}29$세(歲)의 연령군에서, 2번째 임신과 2번째의 출산에서 그리고 만삭의 임신 기간에, 출산시체중(出産時體重) $3.50{\sim}3.99kg$사이의 아이에서 그 주산기사망률(周産基死亡率)이 각각 가장 낮았다. 2. 사산(死産)과 초생아사망(初生兒死亡)을 구분(區分)하여 고려해 볼때 사산(死産)은 모성(母性)의 임신력(姙娠歷)과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 사료(思料)되었고 초생아사망(初生兒死亡)은 미숙아(未熟兒)와 이에 관련된 병

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.148-158
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• 2007

Recently, IEEE 802.15.4a(low-rate UWB) technique has been paid much attention to the LR-UWB communication system for WPAN. However, there are various interferences such as MPI(Multi Path Interference) or IPI(Inter Piconet Interference) in IEEE 802.15.4a wireless channel. In order to cancel various interferences occurred to WPAN environment, in this paper, we propose a UWB wireless communication system with high QoS(Quality of Service) which is a chaotic-OOK(On-Off Keying) system using unipolar ZCD(Zero Correlation Duration) spreading code in physical layer level. Furthermore, we analyze its performance via simulations and verify the availability of proposed system with prototype implementation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2017

Objectives: To analyze whether a concept similar to Korean 'Hwabyung' exists in China. We investigated the status of clinical studies conducted in China for relevant diseases and trends of the traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) treatment adopted in clinical studies. Methods: To explore the concept of a condition similar to Korean Hwabyung in China, we searched for the existence of concept and pattern that were parallel or similar to those of Hwabyung in TCM text-books and diagnostic guidelines. We searched and analyzed clinical studies of TCM treatment for depression syndrome similar to Hwabyung from CNKI using terms 'depression' and 'qi stagnation transforming into fire'. Using extracted data, characteristics of clinical research, herbal medicine, and acupuncture treatment used in the clinical research and their effects were systematically reviewed. Results: Symptoms of 'qi stagnation transforming into fire' were most similar to those of Hwabyung. Nine articles were selected from a total 258 articles. Most of them used DSM-IV or CCMD-3 for depression diagnosis. They applied 'diagnostic and efficacy guidelines for TCM diseases and syndromes' for pattern diagnosis of 'qi stagnation transforming into fire'. Danzhixiaoyao-san and Jiaweixiaoyao-san were found to be effective when they were used alone or in combination with antidepressants. Acupuncture treatment also showed remarkable effect on LR3, HT7, LI4, PC6, GV20 when it was used alone or in combination with antidepressants. However, careful interpretation is required because a small number of studies are included.Conclusions: 'Qi stagnation transforming into fire' seemed to have symptoms similar to Hwabyung. However, further research is needed to determine its diseases and pattern types compared to Hwabyung. According to included studies of 'depression with Qi stagnation transforming into fire', herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment tended to be effective in relieving depressive symptoms. However, more discussion is required for future application of herbal medicine and acupuncture for treating Hwabyung.