• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.632-640
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• 2021

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes severe economic loss in crop productivity of both agriculture and horticulture crops in Korea. The previous surveys showed that naturally available biopolymer material - chitosan (CS), which is from shrimp cells, reduced CMV accumulation on pepper. To improve the antiviral activity of CS, it was synthesized to form phosphate cross-linked chitosan (PCS) and compared with the original CS. Initially, the activity of CS and PCS (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% concentration) compound against PMMoV infection and replication was tested using a half-leaf assay on Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. The total number of local lesions represented on a leaf of N. glutinosa were counted and analyzed with phosphate buffer treated leaves as a negative control. The leaves treated with a 0.1% concentration of CS or PCS compounds exhibited an inhibition effect by 40-75% compared with the control leaves. The same treatment significantly reduced about 40% CMV accumulation measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and increased the relative expression levels of the NPR1, PR-1, cysteine protease inhibitor gene, LOX, PAL, SRC2, CRF3 and ERF4 genes analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in chili pepper plants.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.273-289
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• 2014

Accuracy of a reconstruction technique assuming a constant characteristic exhaust velocity ($c^*$) efficiency for reducing hybrid rocket firing test data was examined experimentally. To avoid the difficulty arising from a number of complex chemical equilibrium calculations, a simple approximate expression of theoretical $c^*$ as a function of the oxidizer to fuel ratio (${\xi}$) and the chamber pressure was developed. A series of static firing tests with the same test conditions except burning duration revealed that the error in the calculated fuel consumption decreases with increasing firing duration, showing that the error mainly comes from the ignition and shutdown transients. The present reconstruction technique obtains ${\xi}$ by solving an equation between theoretical and experimental $c^*$ values. A difficulty arises when multiple solutions of ${\xi}$ exists. In the PMMA-LOX combination, a ${\xi}$ range of 0.6 to 1.0 corresponds to this case. The definition of $c^*$ efficiency necessary to be used in this reconstruction technique is different from a $c^*$ efficiency obtained by a general method. Because the $c^*$ efficiency obtained by average chamber pressure and ${\xi}$ includes the $c^*$ loss due to the ${\xi}$ shift, it can be below unity even when the combustion gas keeps complete mixing and chemical equilibrium during the entire period of a firing. Therefore, the $c^*$ efficiency obtained in the present reconstruction technique is superior to the $c^*$ efficiency obtained by the general method to evaluate the degree of completion of the mixing and chemical reaction in the combustion chamber.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권1호통권132호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2003

Arachidonic acid(AA), which is stored in membrane glycerophospholipids, is liberated by phospholipase $A_2(PLA_2)$ enzymes and is sequentially converted to cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) then to various bioactive prostaglandins (PGs,) and leukotrienes (LTs). In order to find the specific inhibitors of AA metabolism enzymes such as $PLA_2$, COX-2, 5-LO and lyso PAF acetyltransferase. 195 Korean indigenous plant extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on $PGD_2,\;LTC_4$ production from cytokine-induced mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) and arachidonic acid released from phospholipid and PAF production from lyso PAF. From this screening procedure, methanol extract of eight plants such as Saururus chinensis, Aster tataricus, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Reynoutria japonica, Disocorea nipponica, Epimedium koreanum, impatiens textori, Veronica rotunda var. subintegra were found to inhibit production of inflammatory mediators in vitro assay system.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 제33회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.335-338
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• 2009

액체로켓에 산화제를 충전하는 과정은 크게 산화제 탱크의 냉각, 고유량 충전, 소유량 충전, 온도 보정을 위한 추가 충전으로 나눌 수 있다. 나로호(KSLV-I) 1단의 산화제는 액체산소를 사용하며, 각 충전모드에 해당하는 유량 및 온도 요구조건이 제시되어 있다. 이러한 유량 및 온도 요구조건을 만족하기 위해서 산화제 공급시스템에는 유량조절용 밸브와 열교환기가 설치되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 발사체 산화제 충전과정에서 정밀한 유량 공급을 위하여 상용 1차원 열-유동 해석 프로그램인 Flowmaster를 이용하여 1차원 유동 시스템 해석을 수행하였다. 아울러 제한된 인증 시험을 통하여 각 모드에서의 유량 조건을 만족시키기 위한 유량제어밸브들의 유량 보정 민감도를 해석적으로 구하였다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.82-82
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• 2001

Previously, several prenylated flavonoids having a C-8 lavandulyl moiety were found to inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) as well as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and sophoraflavanone G was the most potent inhibitor against these eicosanoid generating enzymes among the prenylated flavonoids tested. In this investigation, effects of sophoraflavanone G on COX-2 induction from RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo inflammatory response were studied. Sophoraflavanone G inhibited prostaglandin E$_2$(PGE$_2$) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW cells by COX-2 down-regulation without significantly affecting COX-2 activity at 1 50 $\mu$M. Other prenylated flavonoids including kuraridin and sanggenon D also down-regulated COX-2 induction at 10-25 $\mu$M, lirhile kurarinone and echinoisoflavanone did not. In addition, sophoraflavanone G shelved in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against mouse croton oil-induced ear edema and rat carrageenan paw edema via oral (2-250mg/kg) or topical administration (10 - 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ear). Although the potencies of inhibition were far less than that of a reference drug, prednisolone, this compound showed higher anti-inflammato교 activity when applied topically, suggesting a potential use for several eicosanoid-related skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

산화제 과잉 예연소기의 연소안정성을 알아보기 위하여 예연소기의 각 부위에서 압력을 측정하였다. 압력측정은 정압센서와 동압센서를 모두 이용하여 이루어졌다. 이 때 사용된 정압센서와 동압센서의 해상도는 각각 최고 1000 Hz와 25,600 Hz이다. 예연소기의 정격압은 200 bar이나 위험을 줄이기 위하여 초기에는 80 bar로 낮추어 시험을 하였고 안정성이 확인된 이후 200 bar 시험을 실시하였다. 또한 모든 시험에서 점화충격을 줄이기 위하여 저압점화 후 연소압을 정격압력까지 올리는 2단 점화를 사용하였다. 시험은 최대 약 10초가량 실시되었으며 메인모드 진입 이후에는 연소압에 큰 변화 보이지 않았다. 연소압의 측정결과는 FFT를 통해 좀 더 심도 있게 분석되었으며 그 결과 예연소기의 연소안정성을 해할 만한 주파수의 커플링은 발견되지 않았다. 따라서 현재 개발되고 있는 예연소기는 향후 다단 연소사이클 엔진 연구에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 KSR-III 주 엔진 연소시험설비를 활용한 수류시험 및 연소시험 과정에서 극저온 추진제인 액체산소의 냉각단계, 충진단계, 연소시험 공급 단계에서 액체산소의 상태량을 시험설비의 각 위치에서 분석함으로써 향후 안정된 공급을 위한 설비 및 운용조건을 선정하는데 주안점을 두었다. 이를 위해 각 단계에서 기체와 극저온 추진제의 상호 작용이 발생하는 가압탱크에서의 가압기체 및 액체산소의 상태량을 파악하였으며, 연소시험시 엔진 메니폴드에서의 액체산소의 상태량을 분석하였다. 또한 냉각 및 충진시에 대기압 vent에 액체산소의 거동을 파악함으로서 냉각을 효율적으로 할 수 있는 방안을 분석하였다. 또한 산소 공급 설비와 로켓엔진 매니폴드에 정압센서와 동압센서를 장착하여 1KHz의 sampling rate로 측정하였다. 오리피스 사이즈는 지름 32.5mm 38mm, 가압 압력 23Bar, 29Bar, 41Bar에 대해 시험을 수행하였다. 오리피스 사이즈를 증가시키고 가압 압력을 낮춘 결과 엔진 내에 공급되는 액체산소의 섭동량이 감소하는 것이 관찰되었다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 액체 수소를 연료로 사용하는 팽창기 사이클 로켓 엔진의 시스템 해석을 위한 프로그램을 개발하였다. 수소의 물성치는 온도에 따른 이성질체의 비율을 고려하였다. 팽창기 사이클 엔진의 개방형과 폐쇄형 형식에 따른 해석 절차를 수립하고 부품별 해석 방법을 제시하였다. 본 해석 프로그램의 검증을 위해 팽창기 사이클 엔진인 Vinci와 SE-21D를 대상으로 엔진 작동점의 성능 및 국외에서 수행된 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 해석 결과, 입력 정보가 부정확한 일부를 제외한 추진제의 질유량, 비추력, 동력과 같은 시스템의 주요 성능 인자는 1~2% 내외의 오차로 높은 정확도를 나타내었다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.300-311
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• 1998

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of the most notorious toxic environmental pollutants, induces various toxic effects in many organs including testes and is regarded as an endocrine disruptor. Korean ginseng, on the other hand, has been well known for its preventive effects on lox- ins, diabetes melltus and hyperlipidemia. We investigated, histopathologically, the effect of Korean Red ginseng water extract (KR-WE) on guinea pig testes damaged by TCDD. Ninety guinea pigs were divided into 6 groups: normal control (NC) group received vehicle and saline; TCDD,1191kg b.w., was administered intraperitoneally to the single dose TCDD-treated (77) group; 100 mghg b.w.16 and 200mg1kg b.w./d KR-WE were injected intraperitoneally to the preventive groups (PIOO and P2OO, respectively) for 28 days from 1 week before TCDD injection, and to the therapeutic groups (CIOO and C2OO, respectively) for 14 days since 1 week after TCDD administration. Increment of body weight was retarded to a larger extent by TCDD. Moreover, body weight of the 77 group decreased significantly 7 days after TCDD exposure, while that of preventive groups kept increasing. Decrease in body weight was not observed in KR-WE-treated groups. Weight decrease in testes caused by TCDD was remarkably protected by KR-WE. Testicles in 77 group displayed decreased tubular size and maturation arrest at the primary or secondary spermatocyte stage. On the other hand, maturation arrest in germ cells by TCDD was improved in KR-WE treated groups. Almost complete protection of the testes was observed in PIOO and P2OO groups. In addition, the therapeutic effect was noticed in C 100 and C2OO groups. These results provided strong evidence that Korean Red ginseng might be a useful agent for the prevention and treatment of testicular damage induced by environmental pollutants.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.406-420
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• 2012

Objectives : Scutellaria barbata has been widely used in oriental medicine used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, to investigate the protective effect of Scutellaria barbata on type I allergic response, we determined whether Scutellaria barbata inhibits early or late allergic responses. Methods : To assess the effect of Scutellaria barbata Pharmacopuncture Extract(SB) in RBL-2H3 cells, we investigated the levels of the markers of degranulation such as ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and histamine, inflammatory mediator such as IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, PGE2 and cysLT, and mRNA expression of cytokines and enzymes. In addition, we determined the levels of intracellular ROS by DCFH-DA assay and the free radical scavenging activity by DPPH method. Results : We found that SB suppressed the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and histamine and the production of IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, PGE2 and cysLT in RBL-2H3 by the antigen stimulation. SB also significantly inhibited the enzyme mRNA expressions, such as HDC2, COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX and iNOS2, along with reduced cytokine mRNA expressions, such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and GM-CSF in RBL-2H3. In addition, SB suppressed the levels of intracellular ROS. Conclusions : Our results indicate that SB protects against type I allergic response and exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation, inflammatory mediator release and mRNA expression of cytokines and enzymes.