• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.861-871
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• 2014

This study analyzes the characteristics of ozone weekend effect(OWE) in Busan. $O_3$ concentration on Sunday was over 10% higher than that on weekdays in all areas except for Kwangbokdong, Taejongdae, and Joadong. Such a difference was higher in the industrial area than in the residential area. $O_3$ generation was facilitated by the decrease in $NO_X$ emission on Sunday in VOC-limited regime where the VOC/$NO_X$ ratio is low. Low NO concentration in the Sunday morning decreased inhibition of $O_3$. NO-$O_3$ crossover time on Sunday was shorter than that on weekdays which in turn extended the accumulated duration of $O_3$. Future studies can include whether the entire Busan is VOCS-limited or the coastal area is VOCS-limited while the inland area is $NO_X$-limited.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2015

Predicting the location and intensity of precipitation still remains a main issue in numerical weather prediction (NWP). Resolution is a very important component of precipitation forecasts in NWP. Compared with a lower resolution model, a higher resolution model can predict small scale (i.e., storm scale) precipitation and depict convection structures more precisely. In addition, an ensemble technique can be used to improve the precipitation forecast because it can estimate uncertainties associated with forecasts. Therefore, NWP using both a higher resolution model and ensemble technique is expected to represent inherent uncertainties of convective scale motion better and lead to improved forecasts. In this study, the limited area ensemble prediction system for the convective-scale (i.e., high resolution) operational Unified Model (UM) in Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) was developed and evaluated for the ensemble forecasts during August 2012. The model domain covers the limited area over the Korean Peninsula. The high resolution limited area ensemble prediction system developed showed good skill in predicting precipitation, wind, and temperature at the surface as well as meteorological variables at 500 and 850 hPa. To investigate which combination of horizontal resolution and ensemble member is most skillful, the system was run with three different horizontal resolutions (1.5, 2, and 3 km) and ensemble members (8, 12, and 16), and the forecasts from the experiments were evaluated. To assess the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) skill of the system, the precipitation forecasts for two heavy rainfall cases during the study period were analyzed using the Fractions Skill Score (FSS) and Probability Matching (PM) method. The PM method was effective in representing the intensity of precipitation and the FSS was effective in verifying the precipitation forecast for the high resolution limited area ensemble prediction system in KMA.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.331-341
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• 2011

To provide variation of water supply for instream flow from reservoirs with various magnifications of paddy irrigation area to watershed area, 8 reservoirs were selected to draw operation rule curve and to analyze water supplies from reservoirs. Reliability of 90% for supplying irrigation water from reservoir was able to maintain and instream flow water was able to be supplied only in the reservoir with magnification of paddy irrigation area to watershed area above 3. The more magnification of paddy irrigation area to watershed area increased, the more ratio of irrigation water to total water storage decreased, and the more ratio of instream flow water to total water storage increased. From the heightening 113 reservoirs in Korea, annual irrigation water was estimated to 1,146.05 $Mm^3$ in normal operation, 839.57 $Mm^3$ in withdrawal limited operation, and annual instream flow water was estimated to 149.68 $Mm^3$ in normal operation, 283.19 $Mm^3$ in withdrawal limited operation. It was concluded that withdrawal limited operation was followed to have the premise of saving irrigation water, more instream flow water was able to be supplied from reservoirs with high magnification of paddy irrigation area to watershed area.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

To establish area specific control strategy for ambient ozone in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), the maximum ozone concentration in each local government district in the SMA were estimated by using the OZone Isopleth Plotting Package for Research (OZIPR) model. The modeling period was June 2000 and the emission inventory data used were from National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). Except the islands of Incheon, whole Seoul and Incheon areas were volatile organic compounds (VOCs) limited, i.e., decreasing the oxides of nitrogen ($NO_X$) emission alone may increase the maximum ozone concentration upto certain point. In Gyeonggi, 12 areas were VOCs limited while 12 areas were in between VOCs limited and $NO_X$ limited, i.e., decreasing both $NO_X$ and VOCs emission may decrease the maximum ozone concentration. Majority of the estimated ozone values were lower than the measured values. The reason could be inaccuracy in emission inventories and/or transport from other areas. The same calculation was carried out for June 2004 and it was found that Seoul was still in the VOCs limited condition.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.806-817
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• 2015

The contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE) is an advanced method for the histogram equalization which is a common contrast enhancement technique. The CLAHE divides the image into sections, and applies the contrast limited histogram equalization for each section. X-ray images can be classified into three areas: skin, bone, and air area. In clinical application, the interest area is limited to the skin or bone area depending on the diagnosis region. The CLAHE could deteriorate X-ray image quality because the CLAHE enhances the area which doesn't need to be enhanced. In this paper, we propose a new method which automatically determines the clip limit of CLAHE's parameter to improve X-ray image quality using fuzzy logic. We introduce fuzzy logic which is possible to determine clip limit proportional to the interest of users. Experimental results show that the proposed method improve images according to the user's preference by focusing on the subject.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.860-865
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• 2004

Field emission display(FED) using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as field emitters is expected to large-area panels with high luminance and low power consumption. In order to perform the uniform luminance with low driving voltage, we introduced a new electrode to apply higher electric potential over the CNT cathode in 2003.[1] In the study, we described the luminance uniformity of the panel and the improvement of emission uniformity by increasing the emission-site density. The luminance uniformity of the several ideal dots which were selected over the display area in the panel was 2.8%. [2] The CNT cathode was irradiated by excimer-laser, which was effective to improve emission uniformity and lower driving voltage. A prototype of CNT-FED character display was performed for middle size message displays. The prototype panel had 48 x 480-dots and the resolution was 1-mm. The panel realized high luminance at low power consumption. It will be important characteristics for legible and ubiquitous displays. [3]

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton. This study was done by the comparison to two costal areas Mokpo, which inflow fresh water, and Wando. In August, salinity of the sea water decreased by 3.5-4.5%o in Mokpo coastal area, but was not nearly decreased in Wando coastal area. This suggests a lot of fresh water inflow in Mokpo coastal area. DIN and DIP were decreased by water temperature increasing in Wando. However, in Mokpo, DIN and DIP were increased greatly during the summer season. Nitrogen was limited to a 10 NIP ratio especially during the summer season in Wando coastal area while phosphorus in Mokpo coastal area was limited with over 28 N/P ratio in all the seasons. Coefficient of determination$(r^2)$ between DIP and Chl.-a was 0.91 in Mokpo coastal area. On the other hand, Coefficient of determination$(r^2)$ between Chl.-a and DIN, DIP were 0.93 and 0.89, respectively, in Wando coastal area. These results suggest DIP in Mokpo and DIN and DIP in Wando might be limited at the increase of phytoplankton.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

This paper addresses the analysis of the travel distance and the number of storage location for storage location allocation methods in a warehouse system. The dedicated, randomized, combined and limited storage methods are considered. The combined and the limited storage methods are suggested here, which the combined storage method is to divide the storage locations into the dedicated storage area and the randomized storage area, and the limited storage method is to restrict the storage area of each product. Through a numerical example, the average travel distance between input/output point and the storage locations, and the number of storage location needed in the warehouse are compared between storage location allocation methods. The nearest randomized storage method is shown as the reasonable one in the travel distance and the number of storage location.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.63-69
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the immediate effects of abdominal pressure blet on limited of stability and gait parameter in patients after stroke. Thirty stroke patients were recruited to measured pre and post wearing the abdominal pressure belt. The assessment measured limited of stability and spatiotemporal gait parameter. This study result were significantly increase in paretic side area, non-paretic side area, forward side area, backward side area (p<.05) and cadence, gait velocity, stride length (p<.05). This study found that abdominal pressure belt had an immediate effect on improving balance and gait function in stroke patients. Future studies require studies of efficient abdominal pressure levels and intervention periods to improve the balance and walking function of stroke patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.88-98
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• 1998

In many automatization applications, a rigid body is required to go forward and backward repeatedly through a set of given position/orientations precisely while a crank is rotated. Such a motion can be generated by 6 bar mechanism adding a dyad to a 4 bar mechanism. If this is the case for 3 position synthesis of the 4 bar mechanism, the feasible solution area for designing the 4 bar mechanism will be limited over the general solution area. This paper proposes a procedure to synthesize 4 bar mechanism to be used to generate the required motion. It is found that the only input crank of the 4 bar mechanism should be limited to satisfy the condition. And the feasible design area for the circle point/ center point of the input crank is identified so that design of the undesired mechanism could be avoided. The method is tested and the results are shown.