• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.530-534
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• 2007

Flow visualization is one of visualization techniques and it means a visual expression of vector data using 2D or 3D graphics. It aims for human to easily understand a special feature of the vector data. Flow visualization can be classified into various criterions such as visualization technique, data dimension, type of the flow, and so on. Visualization technique can be categorized into direct method, integration method and derived data based method. Data dimension can be divided into 2D, 2.5D and 3D. Type of flow data may be classified into steady and unsteady. In this paper, various LIC based flow visualization methods will be introduced which is one of representative integration based techniques. Those methods will be categorized with more detailed criterions such as dimension and type of flows.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 2019

Recently, demand for high energy density and long cycling stability of energy storage system has increased for application using with frequency regulation (F/R) in power grid. Supercapacitor have long lifetime and high charge and discharge rate, it is very adaptable to apply a frequency regulation in power grid. Supercapacitor can complement batteries to reduce the size and installation of batteries. Because their utilization in a system can potentially eliminate the need for short-term frequent replacement as required by batteries, hence, saving the resources invested in the upkeep of the whole system or extension of lifecycle of batteries in the long run of power grid. However, low energy density in supercapacitor is critical weakness to utilization for huge energy storage system of power grid. So, it is still far from being able to replace batteries and struggle in meeting the demand for a high energy density. But, today, LIC (Lithium Ion Capacitor) considered as an attractive structure to improve energy density much more than EDLC (Electric double layer capacitor) because LIC has high voltage range up to 3.8 V. But, many aspects of the electrochemical performance of LIC still need to be examined closely in order to apply for commercial use. In this study, in order to improve the capacitance of LIC related with energy density, we designed new method of pre-doping in anode electrode. The electrode in cathode were fabricated in dry room which has a relative humidity under 0.1% and constant electrode thickness over $100{\mu}m$ was manufactured for stable mechanical strength and anode doping. To minimize of contact resistance, fabricated electrode was conducted hot compression process from room temperature to $65^{\circ}C$. We designed various pre-doping method for LIC structure and analyzing the doping mechanism issues. Finally, we suggest new pre-doping method to improve the capacitance and electrochemical stability for LIC.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.1311-1328
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• 2011

We re-render a photographic image as a simulated pencil drawing using two independent line integral convolution (LIC) algorithms that express tone and feature lines. The LIC for tone is then applied in the same direction across the image, while the LIC for features is applied in pixels close to each feature line in the direction of that line. Features are extracted using the coherent line scheme. Changing the direction and range of the LICs allows a wide range of pencil drawing style to be mimicked. We tested our algorithm on diverse images and obtained encouraging results.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.656-663
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• 2011

Licochalcone, a major phenolic constituent of the licorice species Glycyrrhiza inflata, a constituent of licorice, exhibits various biological properties, including chemopreventive-, antibacterial-, and anti-spasmodic activities. Recently, Licochalcone E (LicE) was isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflate, however its biological functions have not been fully examined. In the present study, we investigated the ability of LicE to regulate inflammation reactions in macrophages. Our in vitro experiments using murine macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, showed that LicE suppressed not only nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ generation, but also the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similarly, LicE inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6. The underlying mechanism of LicE on anti-inflammatory action correlated with down-regulation of the nuclear factor-${\kappa}$B. Our data collectively indicate that LicE inhibited the production of several inflammatory mediators and might be used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.675-678
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• 2004

Cabral과 Leedom이 처음 제시한 LIC(Line Integral Convolution)은 기존의 DDA 알고리즘에 기반한 회선 처리방식보다 우수한 것으로 인정받았고 과학적 시각화 분야에 많은 공헌을 하였다. 그리하여 이것을 기반으로 하는 많은 논문들이 나왔다. 우리는 본 논문에서 기존 LIC의 선 중심의 스트림 라인이 아니라 openGL의 기하 프리미티브인 쿼드 스트립을 이용한 어느 정도의 두께를 가진 스트림 라인을 생성하여 보다 새롭고 다양한 흐름의 시각화 기술을 제시하고자 한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.3296-3314
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• 2012

We present a novel approach for the simulation of color pencil effects using line integral convolution (LIC) to produce pencil drawings from images. Our key idea is to use a bilateral convolution filter to simulate the various effects of pencil strokes. Our filter resolves the drawbacks of the existing convolution-based schemes, and presents an intuitive control to mimic the properties of pencil strokes. We also present a scheme that determines stroke directions from the shapes to be drawn. Smooth tangent flows are used for the pixels close to feature lines, and partially parallel flows inside regions. The background is rendered using a flow of fixed direction. Using different styles of stroke directions increases the realism of the resulting images. This approach produces convincing pencil drawing effects from photographs.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.344-353
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a new algorithm which imitate real pencil strokes. The purpose of research on NPR(Non-Photorealistic Rendering) is simulating automatically manmade artistic expressions such as pen-and-ink illustrations, watercolor paintings, pencil sketches and pastel drawings with computers. Recently, there has been a great deal of research works on NPR. One of them is researching in pencil illustration methods for NPR, and a lot of researchers have investigated into the LIC(Linear Integral Convolution) techniques which would change the initial images into the output images by directional vector field images for generating effects of pencil. However, the LIC techniques can not be applied to real-time drawing tools because they are post processing techniques. This paper presents a real-time pencil strokes algorithm which is based on an observation of how pencils(from 6B to 6H) draw lines. Although this algorithm using some pencil variables and noise generation is simple, it is fast and also can draw real-time pencil strokes similar to real manmade pencil strokes in a GUI drawing tool.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.115-121
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• 2020

The primary aim of this paper is to discuss the historical development or grammaticalization of English adverbial -ly suffix and provide a diachronic analysis of manner adverbs and sentence adverbs from the perspective of secondary grammaticalization. The grammaticalization includes both the primary grammaticalization from a lexical to a grammatical and the secondary grammaticalization from a less grammatical to a more grammatical status. The emergence of the manner adverbs is due to the primary grammaticalization from OE adjectival suffix -lic to ME adverbial suffix -ly. In contrast, the emergence of sentence adverbs is due to the secondary grammaticalization from manner adverbs in VP domain to sentence adverbs in TP domain with grammatical features of tense and modality. This paper concludes that the secondary grammaticalization of the English adverbial -ly suffix includes the change from manner adverbs to sentence adverbs which obtain a new grammatical function of tense and modality.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

The purpose of this study of which 10 University students in their twenties are the objects was to examine the causal differences of kinematic and electromyography during power walking and normal gait. We came to the following conclusions. 1) It took less time to stance phase, swing phase and whole gait time during power walking compared with normal gait. 2) During power walking, the step length and step length and lower limb length are longer than that of normal gait. 3) During power walking, ankle joint angle became more plantar flexed at LIC and RTO, knee joint angle become more flexed, so did hip joint angle at LIC and RTO. Besides during power walking the shoulder joint angle movement was bigger and elbow joint angle was more flexed as the trait of power walking. 4) During power walking, through out the phase the muscle activity of all muscle was higher expecially the muscle activity of Biceps brachii, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, Soleus was higher. Therefore during power walking, one's scope of activity and muscle activity is relatively higher than those of normal gait, so power walking helps one strengthen muscular power and energy metabolism. This will be useful information for those who are interested in diet and well-being.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1994

A kinetic study on the electrodeposition of zinc-iron alloys onto a steel in chloride solutions has been car-ried out using a rotating disc geometry. The results show that the deposition rate was increased with electropotential, disc rotation speed and temperature, and consequently the rate was partly controlled by elec-trochemical reaction and partly by mass transport. The iron content of deposit was more increased with cell voltage than with disc rotating speed and temperature. During electrodeposition process, the addition of metal-lic zinc powder retards oxidation rate of $Fe^{2+}$.