• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.175-199
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• 2004

Objectives : To study acupuncture and moxibution treatments for stomatopathy( aphthae, oral ulceration, mycolic stomatitis, halitosis, thirst, bitter) the ancient and the present literatures were reviewed. Methods : We've got compared and analyzed 55 kinds of literatures. Results and Conclusions : 1. The acupuncture meridians used frequently for stomatopathy were $Su-yangmy\bar{o}ng-Taejang-ky\bar{o}ng(LI),\;Chok-yangmy\bar{o}ng-Wi-Ky\bar{o}ng(S),\;Immaek-Ky\bar{o}ng(CV)$. 2. The acupoints used frequently for aphthae were $Sungjang(CV_{24}),\;Yomchon(CV_{23}),\;Hapkok(LI_4),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Hyopko(S_6),\;Sugu(GV_{26})$. 3. The acupoints used frequently for oral ulceration were $Hapkok(LI_4),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Kokchi(LI_{11}),\;Sotaek(SI_1),\;Pisu(B_{20}),\;Wisu(B_{21}),\;Samgan(LI_3),\;Yomchon(CV_{23}),\;Chichang(S_4)$. 4. The acupoints used frequently for mycolic stomatitis were $Hapkok(L_4),\;Chichang(S_4),\;Hyopko\;(LI_4),\;Sungjang(CV_{24}),\;Samumgyo(SP_6)$. 5. The acupoints used frequently for halitosis were $Naejong(S_{44}),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Chung-wan\;(CV_{12}),\;Sang-wan(CV_{13}),\;Hawan(CV_{10}),\;Kongson(SP_4),\;Wisu(B_{21}),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Sugu(GV_{26}),\;Sungjang(CV_{24})$. 6. The acupoints used frequently for thirst were $Sosang(L_{11}),\;Sangyang(LI_1),\;Sotaek(SI_1),\;Kwanch'ung(TE_1),\;Ch'\bar{o}kt'aek(L_5),\;T'ae-gye(K_3),\;Kokt'aek(P_3),\;Sugu(GV_{26}),\;Samgan(LI_3),\;Igan(LI_2),\;T'aech'ung(Liv_3),\;Sojangsu(B_{27})$. 7. The acupoints used frequently for bitter were $Yangn\bar{u}ngch'\bar{o}n(G_{34}),\;Hy\bar{o}njong(G_{39}),\;Kwanch'ung(TE_1),\;Tamsu(B_{19}),\;Chokkyu\bar{u}m(G_{44}),\;Y\bar{o}n-gok(K_2),\;Shinmun(H_7),\;Chok-Samni(S_{36})$.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.614-618
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• 2021

As the size of market for electric vehicles and energy storage systems grows, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing. Currently, commercial LIBs are fabricated with liquid electrolytes, which have some safety issues such as low chemical stability, which can cause ignition of fire. As a substitute for liquid electrolytes, solid electrolytes are now being extensively studied. However, solid electrolytes have disadvantages of low ionic conductivity and high resistance at interface between electrode and electrolyte. In this study, Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO), one of the best ion conducting materials among oxide based solid electrolytes, is fabricated through RF-sputtering and various electrochemical properties are analyzed. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of LLZO are found to significantly improve with co-sputtered Li₂O. An all-solid thin film battery is fabricated by introducing a thin film solid electrolyte and an Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) cathode; resulting electrochemical properties are also analyzed. The LLZO/Li₂O (60W) sample shows a very good performance in ionic conductivity of 7.3×10^-8 S/cm, with improvement in c-rate and stable cycle performance.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2005

A variety of ergonomic assessment methods of lifting tasks known as a major cause of work-related lower back pain have been used. But there is a limited information in choosing the most appropriate assessment method for a particular job and in finding out strengths and weakness of the methods. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the ergonomic risks of lifting tasks in a marine diesel engine production industry by three lifting ergonomic assessment tools widely used: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation(NLE), the Washington Administrative Code 296-62-0517(WAC), and the Snook Tables. Lifting index(weight of load/Recommended Weight Limit) of NLE($LI_{NLE}$) was above 1 at 34 tasks(75.6%) of a total number of 45 lifting tasks. LI of WAC($LI_{WAC}$) was above 1 at 11 tasks(24.4 %). LI of Snook Table($LI_{Snook}$) was above 1 at 29 tasks(64.4%). Thus, LI was high in orders of $LI_{NLE}$ > $LI_{Snook}$ > $LI_{WAC}$. There were significantly high correlations among three Lls(p<0.01). The correlation coefficients between $LI_{NLE}$and the other three Lls($LI_{WAC}$ and $LI_{Snook}$) were r=0.93 and r=0.88, respectively. The linear regression equations were y = 0.444x + 0.11(r=0.93) between $LI_{NLE}$ and $LI_{WAC}$, y = 0.93x + 0.008(r=0.88) between LI(NLE) and $LI_{Snook}$. The LI values by WAC was significantly lower than those by the other tools. The compared features, strength and limitation among these tools were described in this paper.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2000

[ $LiMn_2O_4$ ]박막전지의 충방전 사이클에 따른 용량 감소의 원인을 파악하기 위하여, $LiMn_2O_4/1M\;LiClO_4-PC/Li$전지를 구성하여 충방전 사이클에 따른 AC impedance분석을 수행하였다. 적절한 등가회로를 이용하여 비선형 최소자승 맞춤에서 얻은 값이 Impedance측정 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 충방전에 따른 정전용량은 초기의 급격한 감소를 보인 이후 완만한 감소를 보였다. 충방전 사이클이 초기 70-100사이클까지는 저항 성분 중 양극전해질 계면의 전하 전달저항 성분이 급격히 증가하다가 이후 안정된 값을 보임으로 초기 급격한 용량변화의 원인으로 파악되었다. 전하전달 저항이 안정된 이후에는 Warburg저항이 충방전에 따라 조금씩 증가하였으며, LiMn2O4박막의 화학확산 계수가 사이클에 따라 초기 $5.15\times10^{-11}cm^2/sec$에서 800사이클이 지난 후 $6.3\times10^{-12}cm^2/sec$로 점차 감소하는 것이 관찰되어 100사이클이 후의 용량감소의 지배적 원인으로 파악하였다. Warburg저항의 증가는 Jahn-Teller변형 또는 Mn용해에 의한 것으로 추정하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.765-770
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• 2001

고온 급속 열처리시킨 LiNbO₃/AIN/Si(100) 구조를 이용하여 MFIS 소자를 제작하고, 비휘발성 메모리 동작 가능성을 확인하였다. 고유전율 AIN 박막 위에 Pt 전극을 증착시켜 제작한 MIS 구조에서 측정한 1MHz C-V 특성곡선에서는 히스테리시스가 전혀 없고 양호한 계면특성을 보였으며, 축적 영역으로부터 산출한 비유전율 값은 약 8 이었다. Pt/LiNbO₃/AIN/Si(100) 구조에서 측정한 1MHz C-V 특성의 축적영역에서 산출한 LiNbO₃ 박막의 비유전율 값은 약 23 이었으며, ±5 V의 바이어스 범위 내에서의 메모리 윈도우는 약 1.2 V이었다. 이 MFIS 구조에서의 게이트 누설전류밀도는 ±500 kV/cm의 전계 범위 내에서 10/sup -9/ A/㎠ 범위를 유지하였다. 500 kHz의 바이폴러 펄스를 인가하면서 측정한 피로특성은 10/sup 11/ cycle 까지 초기값을 거의 유지하는 우수한 특성을 보였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.733-738
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 고체 리듐 전지를 개발하기 위하여 poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO] 에 $LiClO_4$, poly (vinylidene fluoride) [PVDF] 및 가소제로 propylene carbonate [PC] 와 ethylene carbonate[EC] 등을 혼합여 고분자 저해질을 제조하였다. 또한 고체 리듐 전지용 정극으로써 우수한 특성이 기대되는 $Li_xV_3O_8$을 졸-겔법에 의해 합성하여 $Li_xV_3O_8$SPE/Li cell 의 전기화학적 특성을 측정하였다. 고분자 matrix는 PEO와 PVDE를 혼합 사용한 결과 $PEO_4 PVDF_4LiCIO_4PC_5EC_5$ 고분자 전해질이 상온에서 $5.2 {\times} 10{-3}$ S/cm 의 높은 이온 전도도를 나타냈으며 리듐 이온 transference number는 0.3이었다. 졸-겔법에 의해 제조된 $Li_xV_3O_8$을 사용한 $Li_xV_3O_8$SPE/Li cell의 방전시 cell 저항이 방전 초기에는 비소한 증가를 하다가 방전 말기 전압인 2.0V에서 크게 증가하였다. $Li_xV_3O_8$ composite 정극의 첫 번째 방전 용량은 295㎃h/g이었으며 8번째 충방전 싸이클부터 방전 용량이 안정화 되었고 15번째 방전 용량도 212㎃h/g으로 고체 전지용 정극으로써 우수한 특성을 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1125-1132
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• 2000

The pH effect of the precursor solution on the preparation of $LiCoO_2$ by a solution phase reaction containing malonic acid was carried out. Layered $LiCoO_2$ powders were obtained with the precursors prepared at the different pHs (4, 7, and 9) and heat-treated at $700^{\circ}C(LiCoO_2-700)$ or $850^{\circ}C(LiCoO_2-850)$ in air. pHs of the media for precursor synthesis affects the charge/discharge and electrochemical properties of the $LiCoO_2electrodes.$ Upon irrespective of pH of the precursor media, X-ray diffraction spectra recorded for $LiCoO_2-850$ powder showed higher peak intensity ratio of I(003)/I(104) than that of $LiCoO_2-700$, since the better crystallization of the former crystallized better. However, $LiCoO_2$ synthesized at pH 4 displayed an abnormal higher intensity ratio of I(003)/I(104) than those synthesized at pH 7 and 9. The surface morphology of the $LiCoO_2-850$ powders was rougher and more irregular than that of $LiCoO_2-700$ made from the precursor synthesized at pH 7 and 9. The $LiCoO_2electrodes$ prepared with the precursors synthesized at pH 7 and 9 showed a better electrochemical and charge/discharge characteristics. From the AC impedance spectroscopic experiments for the electrode made from the precursor prepared in pH 7, the chemical diffusivity of Li ions (DLi+) in $Li0.58CoO_2determined$ was 2.7 ${\times}$10-8 $cm^2s-1$. A cell composed of the $LiCoO_2-700$ cathode prepared in pH 7 with Lithium metal anode reveals an initial discharge specific capacity of 119.8 mAhg-1 at a current density of 10.0 mAg-1 between 3.5 V and 4.3 V. The full-cell composed with $LiCoO_2-700$ cathode prepared in pH 7 and the Mesocarbon Pitch-based Carbon Fiber (MPCF) anode separated by a Cellgard 2400 membrane showed a good cycleability. In addition, it was operated over 100 charge/discharge cycles and displayed an average reversible capacity of nearly 130 mAhg-1.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2004

Background and purpose: Opposing-needling technique involves selecting acupoints at unaffected limb. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LI4-LI11 electrical acupuncture at unaffected limb on the cerebral blood flow in ischemic stroke patients using SPECT Methods: We selected 9 ischemic stroke patients. Baseline brain SPECT was done with triple head gamma camera(MultiSPECT3, Siemens, USA) after intravenous administration of 925 MBq of Tc-99m ECD). Fifteen-minute electro-acupuncture at Hapgok(LI 4) and Gokji(LI 11) were applied on unaffected upper limb of subjects. The same dose of Tc-99m ECD was injected during the electro-acupuncture, and the second SPECT images were obtained. Using the computer software(ICON 7.1, Siemens, USA), 3 SPECT slices(upper, middle, lower) surrounding the brain lesion were selected and each slice was divided by 10-16 brain regions. Asymmetry indexes were analyzed in each brain region. We regarded$\geq$10% changes of asymmetry index between before and after electro-acupuncture as significance. Results: Seven Patients(77.8%) had significantly increased perfusion and 2(22.2%) didn't show increased perfusion in post-acupuncture scans compared to pre-acupuncture scans(baseline). The regions of CBF improvement were mostly frontal lobes and anterior temporal lobes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that LI4-LI11 electro-acupuncture at unaffected limb increased regional cerebral blood perfusion to the corresponding brain areas in ischemic stroke patients.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

리튬함유 폐액에서 $D_2EHPA$를 추출제로 사용하여 용매추출법에 의해 리튬의 회수에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 수용액상의 pH, 추출제 농도 및 상비 변화 등 리튬의 추출에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 평형 pH가 증가할수록 리튬의 추출율이 증가하였고, pH 6.0에서 20% $D_2EHPA$에 의해 최대 50%의 리튬 추출율을 보였다. McCabe-Thiele diagram 분석으로 부터 리튬은 상비(O/A) 3.0에서 4단으로 95%이상 추출이 가능하였다. 한편 탈거액으로 황산을 사용하였고, 리튬 탈거의 최적 황산 농도는 90 ~ 120 g/L 이었다. 연속탈거 공정을 통하여 리튬이 11.85 g/L까지 농축 가능하였으며, 이 용액으로 부터 침전법에 의해 탄산리튬의 제조가 가능하였다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2008

리튬이차전지의 양극 활물질로 카본 코팅된 $LiFePO_4$와 $LiMn_{0.4}Fe_{0.6}PO_4$를 졸-겔방법으로 합성하였다. 제조된 양극 활물질을 X-선 회절분석과 주사전자현미경을 통하여 불순물이 존재하지 않으며 기공이 잘 발달되어 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 액체전해질을 사용하여 0.1 C-rate의 전류밀도에서 충방전하였을 경우 $LiFePO_4$는 132 mAH/g, $LiMn_{0.4}Fe_{0.6}PO_4$는 145 mAh/g의 방전용량을 각각 나타내었다. 전기방사에 의해 만들어진 겔 고분자 전해질을 사용하였을 경우에 $LiFePO_4$와 $LiMn_{0.4}Fe_{0.6}PO_4$는 각각 114, 130 mAh/g의 우수한 방전용량을 나타내었다.