• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 1993

This study was performed to develop the conceptual framework of the nursing productivity. The study efforts were made (1) to define the concept the nursing productivity, (2) to identify the elements of the productivity, and (3) to determine the relationship among the elements. With the aim, the study employed a descriptive analysis by way of reviewing various references related w the subject. The nursing productivity consists of such elements as the nursing efficiency and Lhe nursing effectiveness which are complememary Lo each other. The nursing efficiency is the quantative input/output ratio, while the nursing effectiveness represents the integrated outcome of sch sub-elements as the degree of accomplishing nursing goals, the quality of nursing service, consumer's satisfaction, and the degree of improvement of nurse's attitude toward the quality care. The nursing prodiccivity can be estimated by summing up the nursing efficiency and the effectiveness. By employing the system theory model, the elements of the nursing producTivity consist of three elements; the input, the process, and the output. By the process elements, the system inputs are transformed to the system outputs nursing efficiency and nursing effecitveness which are input 1.0 the system, in turn, through feedback mechanism(Figure 4).

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.34-44
• /
• 1998

Stainless steel is being used widely lor various purposes due to its good corrosion resistance. There has becn much research to produce colored stainless sterl by several methods. In this experiment, we coated TixN film on the SUS304 substrate with thc DC magnetron sputtering system and studied the internal structurc and adhesive strength of the films as a function of the coating conditions. Before lhe specimen was coated, a sputter etching was very effective in removing the$\delta$ Fe(BCC) phase as well as the contaminant and oxide layer as well as increasing rotghness. Five-stage failure mode appeared with increased scratch load with the TIN films coated on the SUS304 in this manner ; tensile failure-,conformal failure-,buckling failure->chipping failurc and spalling Failure. When the failure was terminated at the initial stage, the film will have good adhesion. But, if syalling failure has occurred at the initial scratch, then the adhesion will be poor. The interlayer between thc coated film and thc substratc was homogeneously adhcsive when the $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ phase wasn't detected in the XRD analysis and the adhesive strength only was reduced by surPace defects. But, when the ,$\gamma'-Fe_4N$N phasc was detected in the XRD analysis, the adhesive strength was very poor.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.399-403
• /
• 2010

The effects of $MnO_2$ doping on the crystal structure, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of (K,Na)$NbO_3$ (KNN) ceramics have been investigated. $MnO_2$ was found to be effective in enhancing the densification and grain growth during sintering. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that Mn ions substituted B-site Nb ions up to 2 mol%, however, further doping induced unwanted secondary phases. In comparison with undoped KNN ceramics, the well developed microstructure and the substitution to B-sites in 2 mol% Mn-doped KNN ceramics resulted in significant improvements in both piezoelectric coupling coefficient and electromechanical quality factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.157-170
• /
• 2000

CHROMA. a content-based image rctl-ieval syslem lhas inlroduced a perceptual color modcl, which can siinulatc the visual perceplual process of lhuman beings and eliminate ihe l~roblem ol condilional color variations. Th~s model Ihoweve~ rcgarded shadows and rcllcctions as u n k ~ ~ o u ~ i colors. and took no account of ihe inforclation which can bc gamed from them Th~s ~tudy atlempls Lo estnnale (he unbhown colors using i~ght~ng dil-cclions and lo prove that the process ol unknown colol eslimation can enhance the lperformance o l image retrieval syslems. With the ckperimcntal results, it was concludcd that thc model pmposcd in this study can enhance the perfomancc of content-based image retrieval systems using Lhe ]~ercepiual color model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.187-206
• /
• 2000

This study is to analyrc the f~~nclional capdbiiities and interracc features or OPAC systems in twcnty-[ouracademc libraries in order to iuvesugale thc strongest pan and (he nveakesl or OPACs. For h e sludy, lllc checklistwas developed. TIE findmgs of thc sludy suegesl Lhat. among the leu RreE evaluated, '.Access Poinls." is lhe bcstdeveloped m a , whercas "Subject Scarc11 Aids" is the wekcst. Timefore, the OPAC system designers am1 librarianswill improvc the varlou sci~rch aids luncuonr and vocabulary browsiug function and will develop mil imlilen\ulcornerentvisual merracc ilnd hyper linkmg inechanism. hyper linkmg inechanism.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.153-157
• /
• 1999

The effececl of levanoclaose produced by levanase Croni Pseuc/olol~~o!!n.s sp. K-52 on pnnciple inlesimal microflorawas investigated. The reaction product, levanoctaose, was used as a carbon source for various intestinalmicroflora. Especially. Bijidobacteriulolr~ adolescentis and Lnctohaciilrrs ocidophilus grew effectively in vitroexpeiiments, whereas Clostridiunz per.frilol~gerzs, Bactetvid,~ngilis, Eschericlzin. coli, and Stnplzylococcus nureirsdid not. Therefore, levanoctdose seemed to proinole selectively the growth ol" B. ndo1escenti.r and L. acidol~hi-/us. In Lhe in viva experiments, the effects of levanoctaose on inlestinal nucroflora were examined on heirgrowth. $\beta$-fri~ctosidase acliviiy. and butyrate concenuation in rats. Appuently, die number of fecal Bifidobacteria.the amount of bulyrate, and $\beta$-hctosidase activity were increased, whereas total aerobes 'and pH werereduced in rals Eed leviu~octaose diets, cornpxed with hose of the control diets. We concluded hat those effecismay be beneficial in improving gastrointestinal health.astrointestinal health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2012.07a
• /
• pp.279-282
• /
• 2012

로컬 히스토그램 평활화(LHE)는 영상에서 로컬 정보를 강조하기 위한 효율적인 알고리즘 중 하나이다. 그러나 이 알고리즘은 스펙클 노이즈를 증폭시키는 단점을 가진다. 따라서, 기존의 로컬 히스토그램 평활화 기법을 확장한 다중 레이어 블록 오버랩 히스토그램 평활화 기법을 이용하여 기존 로컬 히스토그램 평활화 기법들의 문제점을 해결하고자 하였다. 이 방법은 3단계-컨트라스트 향상 단계, 노이즈 제거 단계, 통합 단계로 이루어진다. 제안된 방법에서는 기존 방법의 컨트라스트 향상 단계에서 일반적인 로컬 히스토그램 평활화 방법이 아닌 컨트라스트를 제한하는 적응적인 히스토그램 평활화 기법을 적용하고, 노이즈 제거 단계에서 새로운 바이레터럴 필터를 적용하였다. 즉, 기존 방법의 문제점들을 해결하도록 알고리즘을 변형하여 기존 알고리즘의 성능을 개선하였다. 실험 결과는 제안된 방법이 기존의 방법 및 잘 알려진 로컬 히스토그램 평활화 기법들과 비교하여 좋은 성능을 내는 것을 확인하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.28-31
• /
• 2015

An in-flight fragment separator, which aims to produce and study rare isotopes, consists of superferric quadrupole triplets and $30^{\circ}$ dipole magnets to focus and bend the beams for achromatic focusing and momentum dispersion, respectively. The separator is divided into pre and main stages, and we plan to use superconducting magnets employing high-Tc superconductor (HTS) coils in the pre-separator area, where radiation heating is high. The HTS coils will be cooled by cold He gas in 20-50 K, and in the other area, superferric magnets using low-temperature superconductor (LTS) will be used at 4 K. A few LTS coils were wound and successfully tested in a LHe dewar, and the design of cryostat has been optimized. Development of the HTS coils is ongoing in collaboration with a group at KERI. An HTS coil of racetrack shape was wound and tested in a $LN_2$ bath and in a dewar with cryocooler. No degradation on critical current due to coil winding was found.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.07b
• /
• pp.723-724
• /
• 2006

In this study, superconducting coil arrangements and cryostat concept design were conducted for the development of 13.2kV/630A bifilar winding type high temperature superconducting(HTS) fault current limiter(FCL) with YBCO coated conductor(CC) wire. The coil consists of several layers with unique non-inductive solenoid winding method. Six types of HTS coil arrangements were investigated for the optimal insulation design of HTS FCL. And, conceptual design of cryostat was conducted for the decrement of thermal invasion and the prevention of low voltage insulation breakdown in the LHe which is used as pressurization gas in sub-cooling condition of liquid nitrogen(LN2). As the results, it was found that the modified suspended type cryostat with horizontal coil arrangement is beneficial to the insulation design of 13.2kV level bifilar winding type HTS FCL.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 2000

For multi-hologram recording especially in a dIsk-shaped storage medium. we had studied a simple cost-effective method to unplement the rotational, angular, and ,patial multiplexmg techniques together in order to enhance the area storage density. Holographic storage with both rotational and angular multIplexing was realized by controlling the rderence beam directly with a pair of wedge prisms. whlie the storage WIth spatIal multlplexmg by shIfting the storage medium. In thIS paper \ve show that lhe area storage density of our system is strongly dependent on f numbers of the lenses in the srgnal and reference anns, and also show that the area storage densrly becollles maximal when the f number of the lens in the signal arm is approximately twice as long for a given f number of the lens in the reference emn. e emn.