• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to find out among 9 trap settings the most appropriate site for trap placement in the Brinjal field based on Brinjal shoot and fruit borer trapping efficiency, shoot and fruit infestation, healthy and total fruit yield, and BCR. The efficiency of different trap setting positions varied significantly. Trapping efficiency observed the $T_{1}$ ensured the minimum shoot and fruit infestation 10.02% and 20.95%, respectively, minimum infested fruit yield (4.75 ton/ha), maximum healthy and total fruit yield (26.72 and 31.47 ton/ha) and the maximum BCR (1.70), which was followed by $T_{2}$ and $T_{4}$. The minimum trapping efficiency of $T_{9}$ treatment led the maximum shoot and fruit infestation 13.89 and 29.26%, respectively, maximum infested fruit yield (7.59 ton/ha), minimum healthy and total fruit yield (17.74 and 25.32 ton/ha) and the minimum BCR (1.00). A correlation between the number of BSFB adults trapped from the most efficient trap setting and the shoot and fruit infestation recorded and found a linear positive correlation between number of BSFB adults trapped and shoot infestation (r = 0.781) and fruit infestation (r = 0.810). The effect of pheromone trap positions observed in this study may be attributed to the easy accessibility of the lures and traps, when they are placed at the canopy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.130-141
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• 1997

Work on the reduction of particulate matter(PM) from a diesel vehicl has led to a new trp system and a control method to control the combustion rate of the PM filtrated in the trap, which was named as 'Active Exhaust Feeding Regeneration(AEFR) System' by its operation mechanism. Ceramic cordierite filter is a major component of the trap and susceptible to thermal shock. Therefore the system should be designed to reduce the peak temperature and temperature gradients in the trap ; these have been considered to be the main factors causing thermal shock of the filter during the regeneration. It uses the engine's exhaust gas partially for the regeneration of the ceramic filter. It controlled bypass flow rate of the engine's exhaust gas precisely to control the temperature of the gas entrained into the filter. Gas temperatures were measured inside filter, and the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the filter was also monitored during the regeneration to analyze the combustion process of the PM. The temperature distributions and temperature gradients in the filter during the regeneration varied widely according to the regeneration control schemes. Finally, this system shows relatively low peak temperature and temperature gradients in the filter during its regeneration. It is considered that this system uses a mew method to control the combustion rate of the PM, which is different from the methods used in the previous studies.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2015

To evaluate four different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as potential attractants for Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults, attractiveness of blue (470 nm), green (520 nm), yellow (590 nm), and red (625 nm) LEDs were investigated at 20, 40, and 60 lx luminance intensity in LED-equipped Y-maze chamber and compared with the response to black light bulb (BLB), which is used in commercial traps. The BLB, the blue LED, the green LED, the yellow LED, and the red LED did not show the attractive to T. putrescentiae adults. These results suggested that four LEDs tested could not be used for environment-friendly control of T. putrescentiae adults.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

This involves identifying and cloning trapped genes from cultured cells carrying the gene-trap constructs and generating cloned zebrafish using these cells for functional study. Gene-trapping studies in gene-trapped cells were carried out in initial and cloned zebrafish carrying gene-trap events were successfully produced based on the nuclear transplantation technique. Two kind of retroviral gene-trap constructs were adopted. The first one(SA/GFP-TP), constructed in my laboratory, carries a GFP reporter gene containing a splicing acceptor and an internal neo gene. The second one(Neo-TP), obtained from Dr. Hicks (Hicks et al., 1997), contains a promoter-less neo gene located in the LTR sequence of a retroviral vector. The infected cells were subjected to drug selection(neomycin treatment) because the two constructs carry the neomycin resistant gene. All those cells survived the neomycin treatment should carry the proviral insertions. For Neo-TP, Isolated DNA from the neomycin-resistant fibroblast cells infected by Neo-TP, was digested with EcoR1 restriction enzyme and transformed into bacteria after ligation. This procedure led to the isolation of seven clones carrying flanking cellular DNA with a typical retroviral integration signature sequence. These clones contained genomic DNA ranging from 1kb to 7kb and sequences of 300-600 bp were obtained from each of the rescued plasmids. Database searching showed that all of them share high homology to zebrafish sequences. For fish cloning using tagged cells, initially, nucleus donors directly selected from a mixture of cells(Neo-TP cells) were used. A total of 44 embryos(3.7%) out of 1179 transplants were reached blastula stage; 8 of these embryos(0.8%) hatched and 3(0.3%) of them survived to adulthood. One out of three lived cloned zebrafish has an amplified fragment and was labeled with 32P.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2015

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial components of Ducrosia ismaelis Asch. led to the isolation of six known compounds, psoralen (1), isopsoralen (2), cnidioside A (3), (-)-syringaresinol-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), (E)-plicatin B (5), trilinolein (6). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data and by comparison of these data with previously published results. The antioxidant, anti-osteoporotic and cardiovascular related activities of the isolated compounds were assessed using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing capacity, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity assays. Compounds (3-5) showed potent peroxyl radical-scavenging capacities with ORAC values of $11.06{\pm}0.39$, $7.98{\pm}0.10$, and $13.99{\pm}0.06$ Trolox equivalent (TE) at concentrations of $10{\mu}M$, respectively. Only compounds 4 and 5 was able to significantly reduce $Cu^{2+}$ ions, with a reduction value of $9.06{\pm}0.32$ and $4.61{\pm}0.00{\mu}M$ Trolox Equivalent (TE) at a concentration of $10{\mu}M$. Compound 5 at $10{\mu}M$ exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on osteoclastic TRAP activity with a TRAP value of $86.05{\pm}6.55%$ of the control. Compounds 1, 3 and 5 potently inhibited sEH activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 41.6 4.9, 16.0 1.1, and 49.0 $5.7{\mu}M$, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2016

The phototactic behavioral responses of Tribolium castaneum adults to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of seven different wavelengths were determined under various conditions (light exposure times, light sources, and luminance intensities) and compared with those of a black light bulb (BLB) under laboratory conditions. Based on the attractive rate (%) of T. castaneum adults under optimal conditions (50 lx and an 48 h exposure time) in the dark, red LED ($625{\pm}10nm$) exhibited the highest potential attractive rate (97.8 %), followed by yellow ($590{\pm}5nm$, 68.9 %), green ($520{\pm}5nm$, 55.6 %), infrared (IR) (730 nm, 54.4 %), white (450-620 nm, 41.1 %), blue ($470{\pm}10nm$, 34.4 %), and ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm, 0.06 %) LEDs. In comparison, red LED (97.8 %) was approximately 3.4 times more attractive to T. castaneum adults than the BLB (28.9 %). These results indicate that a red LED trap could be useful to control T. castaneum adults.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.12
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• pp.1879-1883
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• 2018

We analyzed the deep-trap states of GaN/InGaN ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) before and after electrical stress. After electrical stress, the light output power dropped by 5.5%, and the forward leakage current was increased. The optical degradation mechanism could be explained based on the space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) theory. Specifically, for the reference UV LED (before stress), two sets of deep-level states which were located 0.26 and 0.52 eV below the conduction band edge were present, one with a density of $2.41{\times}10^{16}$ and the other with a density of $3.91{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$. However, after maximum electrical stress, three sets of deep-level states, with respective densities of $1.82{\times}10^{16}$, $2.32{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$, $5.31{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$ were found to locate at 0.21, 0.24, and 0.50 eV below the conduction band. This finding shows that the SCLC theory is useful for understanding the degradation mechanism associated with defect generation in UV LEDs.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.140-144
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• 1995

The role of Mn on the PTCR characteristics of La-doped BaTiO3 ceramics was studied. The calculated Ns value was increased with Mn concentration and consequently pmax and pmin were increased. The behavior of pmin was explained by the Jonker's theory, and Ns value of 6.35×1017m-2 was well agreed with the theoretical estimate of Jonker's. The value state of Mn was measured by ESR, and changed around Tc from ＋3 in tetragonal phase to ＋2 in cubic phase. Therefore, the amount of electron trap increased at Tc led to the great improvement of PTC R characteristics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.566-568
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• 2003

The phosphor $CaTiO_3:Pr^{3+}$ attracts much attention as a low-voltage red phosphor because of its good chromaticity and intrinsic conductivity. The addition of Ga into this CaTiO₃:Pr led the luminance intensity to greatly enhance without the change of the wavelength for the electronic transition and the peak shape of it. The increase of the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs through the Ga ion doping, which was expected to play a role of a hole-trap center, is proposed to be one of the reasons for the enhancement of the cathodoluminescence intensity.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

We have investigated the passivation property of $SiN_x$ and $SiO_2$ thin films formed using various process conditions for the application of crystalline Si solar cells. An increase in the thickness of $SiN_x$ deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) led to the improvement of passivation quality. This could be associated with the passivation of Si dangling bonds by hydrogen atoms which were supplied during PECVD deposition. The $SiO_2$ thin films grown using dry oxidation process exhibited better passivation behavior than those using wet oxidation process, implying the dry oxidation process was more effective in the formation of high quality $SiO_2$ thin films. The relative effective life time gradually decreased with increasing dry oxidation temperature. Such a degradation of passivation behavior could be attributed to the increase in interface trap density caused by thermal damages.