• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

Insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction have been established as being related to the diabetes. Lately, what is emphasizing is that those have been shown as something related to the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), simple index is calculated on blood levels of fasting glucose and insulin. And HOMA has been widely validated and applied for insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. We also assessed the factors relative to insulin resistance and ${\beta}$ cell function determined by HOMA. The data from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Analysis was done for 3,465 nondiabetic subjects (male 1,357, female 2,108). At baseline, anthropometric measurements were done and fasting glucose, insulin, lipid (Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and Triglycerides) profiles were measured. HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA ${\beta}$-cell) were calculated from fasting glucose and insulin levels. In male, the value of HOMA-IR and HOMA ${\beta}$-cell was the highest among 30's and decreased as the age increased. In female, the value of HOMA-IR increased with age, while HOMA ${\beta}$-cell decreased. High HOMA-IR and low HOMA ${\beta}$-cell were associated with the highest value of fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure. Low HOMA-IR and high HOMA ${\beta}$-cell showed the lowest concentration of fasting glucose and the highest concentration of HDL cholesterol. High HOMA-IR and high HOMA ${\beta}$-cell were connected with BMI, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and Triglycerides. There was a negative correlation between HOMA ${\beta}$-cell and age. The correlation coefficients of HOMA-IR and HOMA ${\beta}$-cell showed the highest value among weight, BMI and WC.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2008

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of walking on physical health such as body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids for residents in rural areas. Method: Data were collected from 109 residents at 4 community health centers and during the 12 weeks' period between May and July, 2007 with quasi-experimental pre/post-test design. The data were processed with SPSS Win 12.0. Result: 69.5% of the subjects had chronic degenerative diseases such as hypertension, arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Also, 52.9% had overweight and 14.7% had excessive obesity. There were significant positive changes in BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose and LDL among obese residents. However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL among blood lipids. Conclusion: This study showed that a 3 months' walking program had positive effects on physical health and it should be continued.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.809-816
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• 1995

We have studied the effects of buckwheat diet on serum glucose and lipid metabolism in 9 NIDDM volunteers during 2 weeks. The subjects were given dietary counseling in their own homes at 2-3 day intervals throughout experimental periods and the dietary intake were determined by interview and record methods. The intake of calorie, carbohydrate, protein and fat during the buckwheat diet period were not significantly different compared with control diet and body weight was maintained within 1-2kg. The mean total glycohemoglobin, fructosamine, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels at the end of buckwheat diet were significantly lower than the end of control diet (P<0.05). Fasting serum glucose, insulin and HDL-chloesterol levels were slightly decreased. The mean triglyceride level was increased but it was not significant. These results indicate that buckwheat diet is an effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.631-638
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• 2009

본 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 모든 비만 유형에서 고콜레스테롤혈증, 고LDL콜레스테롤혈증, 고중성지방혈증, 대사증후군의 위험도가 증가하였으나, 당뇨병에서는 복부비만의 유무에 따라 위험도에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 대사증후군에서는 복부비만을 가지고 있는 비만 유형에서 질병위험도의 값이 크게 나타나 복부비만은 대사증후군의 강력한 예측인자로 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 비만 유형에 따른 질병 위험도가 달라지는 것은 비만을 진단하는 지표 중 어느 기준을 사용하여 비만을 구분하느냐에 따라 위험도가 높아지는 질병이 다름을 의미하며, 비만과 관련된 질병의 관리에 있어 특정 질병과 관련된 적절한 비만 지표를 선택하여 사용하는 것이 비만 유형에 따른 비만인의 건강관리에 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.556-566
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• 2018

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제6기 (2013 ~ 2015) 원시자료를 이용하여 심혈관계 위험인자를 적용한 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증과 건강행태의 관련성을 조사하기 위해 수행되었으며, 19세 이상 남자 5,939명, 여자 7,902명의 총 13,841명을 대상으로 하였다. 심혈관계 위험인자는 뇌졸중, 심근경색증 또는 협심증, 당뇨병, 고혈압, 흡연, 저HDL-콜레스테롤 (40 mg/dL 미만), 연령 (남자 45세 이상, 여자 55세 이상), 고HDL-콜레스테롤 (60 mg/dL 이상)을 포함하였다. 뇌졸중이나 심근경색증 또는 협심증은 초고위험군, 당뇨병은 고위험군, 이외 위험인자가 2개 이상은 중등도위험군, 1개 이하는 저위험군으로 구분하였다. 각 위험군 별 목표 수치를 기준으로 한 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 유병자는 남자 25.5%, 여자 21.7%이었다. 건강행태와 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 유무의 연관성을 복합표본 교차분석으로 분석한 결과, 남녀 모두 연령, 교육수준, 결혼상태, 체질량지수, 탄수화물 에너지 섭취 비율, 지방의 에너지 섭취비율, 포화지방 에너지 섭취비율, n-6 지방산의 에너지 섭취 비율에 따라 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 유무는 유의한 연관성이 있었다. 그리고 흡연은 남자에서, n-3계 지방산의 에너지 섭취 비율은 여자에서 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 유무와 각각 유의한 연관성이 있었다. 건강행태와 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 발생 위험과의 관련성을 확인하기 위해 복합표본 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 교란인자 보정 후 남자에서는 현재 흡연 (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.40-1.99), 비만 (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.64-2.31) 에서 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 유병 오즈비가 유의하게 높았다. 여자의 경우 현재 흡연 (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.19-2.52), 비만 (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.39-1.90)에서 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 유병 오즈비가 유의하게 높았고, n-3 지방산 에너지 섭취 비율이 '하'(Q1)에 비해 '중 하' (Q2) (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.96), '중 상' (Q3) (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.94), '상' (Q4) (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51-0.87) 에서 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 유병 오즈비가 유의하게 낮았다. 따라서 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증 개선을 위한 전략 수립에 금연, 정상 체중 유지가 필요하며, 영양소별 적정한 에너지 섭취 비율 유지를 고려해야 한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 1997

This study was performed from March to June 1994 in ANsung Medical Center. We investigated serum components of 78 diabetics in the center, in addition to the nutrient intake status and anthrophometric status of 60 diabetics among them. We separated the latter into 2 groups(ⅰ) less tan 5 years of diabetic duration and ⅱ) more than 6 years of diabetic duration) and analyzed the clinical characteristics of each group. The results are as follows : \circled1 The average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1 and 58.9 years, respectively. The average diabetic duration of male subjects was 4.8 years and that of female subjects was 5.9 . The major occupational field of both male and female subjects was agriculture(33.3%, 36.1%). 50% of male and 75% of female subject's monthly incomes were less than 600, 000 won and 75% of male and 94.4% of female subjects had weekly food expense less than 40, 000 won. The nutrient intake status of the subjects was lower than RDA on the whole. There was no big differences between 2 the male groups of different diabetic duration , but calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron and Vit B$_1$intakes of the above 6 year female group were appearently higher than those of the under 5 year female group (p<0.05). There were different intake tendencies between male and female subjects . For females. the longer the diabetic duration, the less intakes of calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron Vit B$_1$, Vit B$_2$, and niacin were observed. Furthermore, the longer the diabetic duration in females , the more intakes of energy and nutrients, except Vit C were observed. Fasting blood glucose levels were 155mg/dl and 164mg/dl and Postprandial glucose levels were 242mg/dl and 247mg/dl for males and females respectively. Hb of both males and females , and Ht of males met the lower limit of normal status, The serum TG level was higher than normal , so that they seemed to suffer from hyperlipidemia ; their high HbAIC status indicated that the management of diabetes mellitus was poor. The total protein level of female subject was higher when compared with that of males(p<0.05). All subjects blood pressure were higher than normal , and the longer the diabetic duration, the higher was the blood pressure. The serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the above 6 year group male subjects were lower(p<0.05) than those of the under 5 year male group subjects, and the former group's systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher than those of the latter(p<0.05). Levels of serum total protein, albumin and TG of the above 6 year female group were lower than those of the under 5 year female group(p<0.05). As the diabetic duration was extended, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels showed a tendency to increase, while Hb, Ht, total protein, albumin, and A/G, which represent the nutrients state of iron and protein, were inclined to decrease. This result showed that serum lipid components went bad. To summarize the results, the longer the diabetic duration, the worse were the male subjects nutrient intake status, but those of the female subjects were good. With respect to serum components and serum lipid subjects Fe, protein, nutrition status and serum lipid component got worse as the diabetic duration was extended , implying the possibility of diabetes mellitus complication grows.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.455-459
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• 2008

STZ 투여로 제 1형 당뇨를 유발시킨 다음 B. sarmienti 에탄올 추출물을 8주간 급여 후 혈당 및 혈중지질 변화를 알아보았다. 시험기간 동안 당뇨대조군 및 당뇨실험군의 체중증가는 정상군과 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며, B. sarmienti 에탄올 추출물 급여가 당뇨실험군에서의 체중변화에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 수분섭취량, 사료섭취량, 혈당 모두 정상군과 비교하여 당뇨대조군 및 당뇨실험군에서 8주 동안 유의적으로 높게 지속되었다. 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 변화를 측정한 결과 정상군과 비교할 때 당뇨대조군에서는 상대적으로 증가하였으나, B. sarmienti 에탄올 추출물 투여로 유의적인 감소현상과 함께 정상군과 유사한 수준을 유지 하였다. 특히, B. sarmienti 에탄올 추출물 투여로 인한 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 변화는 BE0 29.1%, BE1 26.1%, BE2 23.6%로 평균 26.2%의 감소효과를 나타내었다. 또한 혈중 중성지방 변화는 BE0 55.6%, BE1 64.1%, BE2 68.4%로 평균 62.7%의 감소현상을 나타내었다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방은 B. sarmienti 에탄올 추출물 투여의 농도 의존적 감소현상은 관찰할 수 없었으나, 혈중지질 개선에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구에는 제 1형 당뇨모델에서 8주 동안 B. sarmienti 에탄올 추출물을 투여하면서 혈당조절 효과는 관찰할 수 없었으나, 혈중지질 성분인 triglycerides, 총 콜레스테롤 및 LDL 콜레스테롤의 수준을 떨어뜨리는 효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 결론적으로 B. sarmienti 에탄올 추출물 투여가 고혈당을 중심으로한 지질대사 이상과 함께 많은 합병증 유발이 문제시 되고 있는 당뇨병의 체내 지질대사 개선에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.724-733
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• 1993

In order to investigate the relationships of obesity in childhood to plasma lipid, blood pressure and blood glucose concentration, we selected 21 subjects for the moderate obese group(MO), 9 for mild obese group(MI), and 19 for the control group(C) among children aged 10~12. While the level of plasma triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol of the MO group was much higher than that of group C, a significantly lower percentage of HDL-cholesterol was found in the MO compared to the percentage found in group C. Also the level of the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of the MI group as well as the MO was much higher than that of C. The elevated total-cholesterol level of the Mi group was due to increased LDL-cholesterol and that of the MO was due to increases in both VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. As the result of these differences, the atherogenic index of the MO was significantly higher than that of C. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia( 200mg/dl) of the MI and MO was 60.0% and 77.8% respectively, All of the physical parameters and indexes except height were positively correlated with plasma lipid levels, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration. The analyses of the correlated with plasma lipid levels, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration. The analyses of the correlation indicated that central fat to peripheral fat ratio and waist to thigh girth ratio seemed to be closely associated to plasma lipid levels and atherogenic index. The MO had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than C and significantly higher blood glucose concentration was found in both MI and MO than in C. These results confirmed that obesity in childhood may be relevant to chronic metabolic diseases such as abnormal lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2009

Recently, Korean people are consuming seaweeds almost 3.5 times more now than three decades ago. It is well known that seaweeds contain lots of soluble dietary fiber in addition to micronutrients such as ${\beta}$-carotene, iodine and some bioactive components. Seaweeds are considered to be effective for preventing chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer or constipation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seamustard intake on body weight gain, blood glucose level and lipid profiles in rats fed diets with different energy nutrient composition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (average initial weight 103.7g) were divided into groups for two experiments as follows; Control, M2.5 & M5 groups (Exp. I) and M5, M10, HCM5, HCM10, HFM5 & HFM10 groups (Exp. II). The rats were fed diet and water ad libitum for 4 weeks. In general, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and triglyceride concentration among groups. In Exp. I, serum LDL-cholesterol level of rats fed diet with 5% seamustard powder (M5) was significantly lower than that of control group, while HDL-cholesterol level, TC/LDL ratio and weight of adrenal gland were higher. In Exp. II, food intake, body weight gain and EER of high fat diet with 10% seamustard group (HFM10) were the lowest among groups. Except gastrocnemius muscle, all organ weights of HFM10 group were the lowest. Fecal cholesterol excretion and serum LDL-cholesterol concentration of HFM10 group were the highest, while serum HDL-cholesterol level was the lowest among groups. Interestingly, HDL-cholesterol concentration was the highest in HCM5 group among groups. From these results, it was suggested that seamustard intake might be more effective for body weight control, but not for improving blood lipid profiles in high fat diet than in high carbohydrate diet.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2002

Hypercholesterolemia is one of main causes of coronary heart disease(CHD). Clinical trials demonstrated that lowering serum cholesterol levels would reduce incidence of new cardiovascular events and mortality by primary or secondary preventions. The objective of this retrospective study was to compare efficacy and side effects of lovartatin and simvastatin in treatement of hypercholesterolemia. In Boramae Hospital, patients were included when they have taken lovastatin 20 mg or simvastatin 10 mg for 52 weeks with laboratory monitoring for cholesterol at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 month period. As results, total 128 outpatients were included with their total cholesterol level <240 mg/dl and triglyceride level <400 mg/dl at baseline. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol of lovastatin group (n=60) and simvastatin group (n=68) were significantly reduced from baseline (p=0.001). Lovastatin maximally reduced total cholesterol by $23.9\%,\;triglyceride\;by\;12.3\%$, LDL cholesterol by $36.1\;\%$ and increased HDL cholerterol by $7.8\%$ and simvastatin reduced by $24.1\%,\;20.5\%,\;34.3\%\;respectively$ and HDL increased by $11.2\%$. There were no significant differences between lovastatin and simvastatin in mean percent change of lipid levels at 12, 24 and 52 weeks from baseline. Cumulative percentage of patients reaching the target LDL cholesterol concentration by 24 weeks was $61.7\%$ in lovastatin and $64.7\%$ in simvastatin. Average time to reach the target LDL goal was 100.1 days in lovastatin and 99.8 days in simvastatin. Both lovastatin and simvastatin also significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in all subgroups (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease). In this study, treatment efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease was lower than other patients. Considering clinical importance of secondary prevention, more intensive treatment is necessary to decrease LDL cholesterol level of 100 mg/dl or lower in patients with coronary heart disease or other clinical atherosclerotic disease. There were no serious side effects during the study period. Digestive side effects were most frequently reported (lovastatin $8.3\%\;vs\;simvastatin\;8.8\%$). In conclusion, both lovastatin and simvastatin were similar in lipid lowering effects and there was no difference in incidence of side effects.