• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2014

Flexible tactile sensors can provide valuable feedback to intelligent robots about the environment. This is especially important when the robots, e.g., service robots, are sharing the workspace with human. This paper presents a flexible tactile sensor that was manufactured by direct writing technique, which is one of 3D printing method with multi-walled carbon nano-tubes. The signal processing system consists of two parts: analog circuits to amplify and filter the sensor output and digital signal processing algorithms to reduce undesired noise. Finally, experimental setup is implemented and evaluated to identify the characteristics of the flexible tactile sensor system. This paper showed that this type of sensors can detect the initiation and termination of contacts with appropriate signal processing.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1449-1453
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• 1987

A microprogrammable Bit Slice Sinal Processor for image processing is implemented. Processing speed is increased by the parallelism in horizontal microprogram using 120bits microcode, pipelined architecture, 2 bank memory switching that interfaces with the Host through DMA, a variable clock control, overflow checking H/W,look-up table method and cache memory. With this processor, a DCT algorithm which uses 2-D FFT is performed. The execution time for $512{\times}512{\times}8$ image is 12 sec when 16 bit operation is runned, and the recovered image has acceptable quality with MSE 0.276%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.235-239
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• 2000

The effects of several compounds related to signal transduction cascade were determined to induce the production of alizarin and purpurin in the hairy root culture system of Rubia cordifolia var. pratensis. It was found that out of five tested compounds jasmonic acid(1 mg/l) and methyl jasmonate(1 mg/l) stimulated strongly the biosynthesis of the pigments while linolenic acid(1 mg/l) induced no significant increase of the product. Yeast extract(600 mg/l) and arachidonic acid(1 mg/l) showed relatively mild inducing effects on production of alizarin. The effects of jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate were reduced by treatment with cycloheximide(2.8 mg/l).

• ETRI Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.25-35
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• 1996

This paper derives the symbol error probability for quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) with L-fold space diversity in Rayleigh fading channels. Two combining techniques, maximal ratio combining(MRC) and selection combining(SC), are considered. The formula for MRC space diversity is obtained by averaging the symbol error probability of M-ary QAM in an additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel over a chi-square distribution with 2L degrees of freedom. The obtained formula overcomes the limitations of the earlier work, which has been limited only to deriving the symbol error rate(SER) of QAM with two branch MRC space diversity. The formula for SC space diversity is obtained by averaging the symbol error probability of M-ary QAM in an AWGN channel over the distribution of the maximum signal-to noise ratio among all of the diversity channels for SC space diversity has been reported yet. Analytical results show that the probability of error decreases with the order of diversity gain per additional branch decreases as the number of branches becomes larger. On the other hand, the performance of 16 QAM with MRC becomes much better than that of SC as the number of branches becomes larger. By giving the order of diversity, L, and the number of signal points, M, we have been able to obtain the SER performance of QAM with general space diversity. These results can be used to determine the order of diversity to achieve the desired SER in land mobile communication system employing QAM modulation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.11
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• pp.148-155
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• 1997

Ths signal processing technqiue of FET type electrolyte sensors using the back propagation neural network was studied to reduce the interference effects of the different electrolytes. The FET-type electrolyte sensors, pH-ISFET, K-ISFET, and Ca-ISFET, were prepared to measure the pH, K, and Ca electrolytes. Neural network consisted of three layers was learned with 8 patterns and 9 patterns. The sensor output obtained with arbitrary concentrations was processed by the learned neural network. The errors obtained from calibration curve for pH, K, and Ca were .+-.0.039 pH, .+-.2.508 mmol/l, and .+-.1.807 mmol/l, respectively, without considering the interference effects. The errors of the network output for pH, K, and Ca were reduced to .+-.0.005 pH, .+-.0.436 mmol/l, and .+-.0.381 mmol/l in case of 9 patterns, respectively. the signal processing using the neural network can reduce the errors ofthe electrolyte sensor outputs caused by the interference effect, thereby providing effectiveness in the improvement of the sensor selectivity.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

The current study assessed the utility of acoustic analyses the most commonly used in routine clinical voice assessment including perturbation, nonlinear dynamic analysis, and Spectral/Cepstrum analysis based on signal typing of dysphonic voices and investigated their applicability of clinical acoustic analysis methods. A total of 70 dysphonic voice samples were classified with signal typing using narrowband spectrogram. Traditional parameters of %jitter, %shimmer, and signal-to-noise ratio were calculated for the signals using TF32 and correlation dimension(D2) of nonlinear dynamic parameter and spectral/cepstral measures including mean CPP, CPP_sd, CPPf0, CPPf0_sd, L/H ratio, and L/H ratio_sd were also calculated with ADSV(Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and VoiceTM). Auditory perceptual analysis was performed by two blinded speech-language pathologists with GRBAS. The results showed that nearly periodic Type 1 signals were all functional dysphonia and Type 4 signals were comprised of neurogenic and organic voice disorders. Only Type 1 voice signals were reliable for perturbation analysis in this study. Significant signal typing-related differences were found in all acoustic and auditory-perceptual measures. SNR, CPP, L/H ratio values for Type 4 were significantly lower than those of other voice signals and significant higher %jitter, %shimmer were observed in Type 4 voice signals(p<.001). Additionally, with increase of signal type, D2 values significantly increased and more complex and nonlinear patterns were represented. Nevertheless, voice signals with highly noise component associated with breathiness were not able to obtain D2. In particular, CPP, was highly sensitive with voice quality 'G', 'R', 'B' than any other acoustic measures. Thus, Spectral and cepstral analyses may be applied for more severe dysphonic voices such as Type 4 signals and CPP can be more accurate and predictive acoustic marker in measuring voice quality and severity in dysphonia.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.6C
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• pp.512-519
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• 2012

To design a new Navigation Satellite System signal, we should analyze the influence of inter-system interference to existing Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS). Various GNSS systems such as GSP, GALILEO, Compass use same frequence band and incur inter-system interference due to the overlapping spectrums. In this paper, we consider L2 Band for new Navigation Satellite System and propose the BOCcos(15,2.5) signal what has least Spectral Separation Coefficient with GPS L2 system. Assuming 4 stationary satellite over Korea, we simulate the effect of interference. As a result, proposed system shows very small mutual interference effect and negligible effective signal to noise ratio(SNR) loss, compared to the interferences between GNSS systems in L1 Band.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2020

In this paper, an efficient signal tracking method to simultaneously track both GPS L1 C/A and Galileo E1B CBOC(6,1,1/11) using a low cost GPU is proposed. In the existing method that each GNSS signal is processed within 1 ms, more than 2 ms processing time is required in GPU to process 4 ms CBOC signal. It means that real time operation is possible if only Galileo E1B CBOC signal is concerned. But when both GPS C/A and Galileo CBOC is required, it cannot process GPS C/A signal in real time. To process 1 ms GPS C/A and 4 ms Galileo CBOC signal in real time, 4 ms Galileo CBOC signal is divided into 4 by 1 ms signal block in the proposed method. Specially, a buffer that simultaneously manages 1 ms and 4 ms signals is designed. In addition, a module that accumulates the 1 ms correlation value of the Galileo CBOC by 4 ms and passes it to the PLL and DLL is implemented. The operation and performance are evaluated with real measurements in the GPU based SDR. The experimental results show that tracking of more than 16 satellites of GPS C/A and Galileo E1B is possible using the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.468-473
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• 2009

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) were used for chromosome analysis of hybrids (2n=16) between onion (Allium cepa L., 2n=2X=16) and welsh onion (A. fistulosum L., 2n=2X=16). 5S rDNA, 45S rDNA, and tandemly repeated DNA (TSD) sequence were used as probes for FISH analysis. A. fistulosum specific DNA probe of telomeric repeats and A. fistulosum DNA were used for GISH analysis. In the analysis of meiotic chromosome GISH revealed that hybrids have 7 bivalants and 2 univalents chromosome and 2 univalents were derived from A. fistulosum chromosomes. In somatic chromosomes of hybrid each 8 chromosomes were derived from A. cepa and A. fistulosum, respectively. FISH signal of 45S rDNA probe in A. fistulosum was detected at secondary constriction of chromosomes, while FISH signal in A. cepa was observed in both secondary constriction and telomere of chromosomes. TDS signals in A. fistulosum chromosomes were detected at all subtelomeric of 8 chromosomes and also in 2 pericentromeric of the chromosomes, whereas TDS signals in A. cepa were observed only in subtelomeric in all chromosomes. The pattern of TDS signal in hybrid chromosomes was similar to those of A. fistulosum chromosomes.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2007

Starch contents play important roles in determining the fruit quality. Stawberry accumulates starch in the early stages and then mobilized into soluble sugars during fruit ripening. To date the molecular studies on the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a key enzyme of starch biosynthesis, were not reported. cDNAs encoding small (FagpS) and large (FagpL1 and FaspL2) AGPase subunits were isolated from strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch. cv. Niyobou). Both FagpS and FagpL1 cDNAs have open reading frames deriving 55-58 kDa polypeptides, where FagpL2 contains a partial fragment. Sequence analyses showed that FagpS has a glutamate-threonine-cysteine-leucine (ETCL) instead of a glutamine-threonine-cysteine-leucine (QTCL) motif found in all the dicot plants except for Citrus. In fruits, FagpS and FagpL1 were expressed in all stages with a little change in the amounts of transcripts. In the case of FagpL2, we were not able to detect any signal from all stages of fruit development and all tissues except for very a weak signal from the leaf. The results indicate that FagpL1 and FagpL2 show ubiquitous and leaf-specific expression patterns, respectively. The studies suggest that the starch contents in strawberry might be controlled by the expression of AGPase gene at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels during fruit development.