• 한국어병학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2013

Ferritin is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays an important role in iron storage and detoxification. In this study, the gene encoding a ferritin H subunit homologue (RbFH) was cloned from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) and analyzed at the expression. The full-length ferritin H cDNA was 1162 bp long and contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 531 bp that encoded 177 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 20.8 kDa. The 5' UTR was 297 bp in length, and the 3' UTR 298 bp, and preceded by a 5'-untranslated region that contains a putative Iron Regulatory Element (IRE). The deduced amino acid sequence of RbFH shares extensive sequence identities with the H ferritins of a number of fish species and contains the ferroxidase center that is preserved in ferritin H subunits. Examination of tissue specific expression indicated that RbFH expression was most abundant in PBLs, RBC, liver and muscle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between iron deficiency without anemia and physical performance in healthy women aged 20-21 yrs. Ten subjects with normal iron stores (serum ferritin $\geq$ 12$\mu\textrm{g}$/L: iron-sufficient group) and 11 subjects with iron depletion without anemia (serum ferritin < 12 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L and serum hemoglobin > 120 g/L: iron-depleted group) were chosen from a group of 50 women and were given physical-performance tests, including determinations of maximum oxygen consumption (VO$_2$ max) and ventilatory threshold. Iron status assessment included determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, seam ferritin, total iron-binding rapacity, serum iron and transferrin saturation values. Dietary iron intake was assessed based on seven-day food intake records written by the subjects. Physical activity level was estimated by frequency questionnaires and two-week physical activity records were compiled daily by the subjects. Blood ferritin concentration was significantly lower in the iron-depleted group than in the iron-sufficient group (p < 0.05). However, other variables showing iron status was not different between the groups. There were no significant differences in body size, body composition and physical activity levels between the groups. Daily dietary iron, total protein and animal protein intakes of the iron-sufficient group were significantly higher than those of the iron depleted group. However, no differences were found in the amount of dietary vitamin C and fiber between the groups. The values for VO$_2$max and VO$_2$max corrected with weight or fat-free mass were not different between the groups. However, the ventilatory threshold was significantly higher in the iron sufficient group than in the iron-depleted group. The lower ventilatory threshold in the iron-depleted group suggests that iron depletion without anemia could diminish aerobic physical performance in young women. In addition, a significant correlation of physical performance to serum fferritin level was shown only in the iron depleted group.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2015

Purpose: We investigated the iron status of very low birth weight infants receiving multiple erythrocyte transfusions during hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: We enrolled 46 very low birth weight infants who were admitted to the Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 2012 and December 2013. Serum ferritin was measured on their first day of life and weekly thereafter. We collected individual data of the frequency and volume of erythrocyte transfusion and the amount of iron intake. Results: A total of 38 (82.6%) of very low birth weight infants received a mean volume of $99.3{\pm}93.5mL$ of erythrocyte transfusions in NICU. The minimum and maximum serum ferritin levels during hospitalization were $146.2{\pm}114.9ng/mL$ and $456.7{\pm}361.9ng/mL$, respectively. The total volume of erythrocyte transfusion was not correlated to maximum serum ferritin concentrations after controlling for the amount of iron intake (r=0.012, p=0.945). Non-transfused infants took significantly higher iron intake compared to infants receiving ${\geq}100mL/kg$ erythrocyte transfusion (p<0.001). Minimum and maximum serum ferritin levels of non-transfused infants were higher than those of infants receiving <100 mL/kg erythrocyte transfusions (p=0.026 and p=0.022, respectively). Infants with morbidity including bronchopulmonary dysplasia or retinopathy of prematurity received a significantly higher volume of erythrocyte transfusions compared to infants without morbidity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Very low birth weight infants undergoing multiply erythrocyte transfusions had excessive iron stores and non-transfused infants also might had a risk of iron overload during hospitalization in the NICU.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2019

Purpose: This study compared the iron statuses of small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants at birth. Methods: The clinical data of 904 newborn infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were reviewed. Blood samples were drawn from the infants within 24 hours after birth. Serum ferritin level was used as a marker of total iron status. Results: In this study, 115 SGA (GA, $36.5{\pm}2.9weeks$; birth weight [BW], $1,975{\pm}594.5g$) and 717 AGA (GA, $35.1{\pm}3.5weeks$; BW, $2,420.3{\pm}768.7g$) infants were included. The SGA infants had higher hematocrit levels ($50.6%{\pm}5.8%$ vs. $47.7%{\pm}5.7%$, P<0.05) than the AGA infants. No difference in serum ferritin level (ng/mL) was found between the groups (mean [95% confidence interval]: SGA vs. AGA infants, 139.0 [70.0-237.0] vs. 141.0 [82.5-228.5]). After adjusting for gestational age, the SGA infants had lower ferritin levels (147.1 ng/mL [116.3-178.0 ng/mL] vs. 189.4 ng/mL [178.0-200.8 ng/mL], P<0.05). Total body iron stores were also lower in the SGA infants than in the AGA infants (185.6 [153.4-211.7] vs 202.2 [168.7-241.9], P<0.05). Conclusion: The SGA infants had lower ferritin and total body iron stores than the AGA infants. The SGA infants affected by maternal hypertension who were born at late preterm had an additional risk of inadequate iron store. Iron deficiency should be monitored in these infants during follow-up.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2012

Background: Cigarette smoke induced release of iron could alter iron metabolism in the lungs of chronic smokers and contribute to the increase in the total oxidative burden on the lungs of smokers. In previous studies, ferritin levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in smokers were elevated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin concentration, smoking and lung function in Korean people. Methods: This study was based on the data acquired in the second year (2008) of the Forth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that was conducted from 2007 to 2009. The analysis included 2,244 subjects who were older than 20 years and had complete data from both lung function test and serum ferritin concentration. Among participants, 1,076 were male and 1,168 were female. Results: Mean serum ferritin concentrations in males were $120.3{\pm}80.1{\mu}g/L$ and $47.9{\pm}39.8{\mu}g/L$ in females. There were no differences in serum ferritin concentrations between non-smokers and smokers after adjusting for age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol. Serum ferritin concentrations were associated with smoking amounts by simple linear regression but not associated with smoking amounts after adjustment with age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol in both males and females. Lung function was not associated with serum ferritin concentrations. Conclusion: Our data suggested that serum ferritin concentrations are not related with smoking and lung function.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2002

목 적 : 한국에서 처음 개발된 페닐케톤뇨증 소아를 위한 특수분유를 1년간 섭취시켜 발달양상 및 치료결과를 관찰하여 효율성과 안정성을 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 순천향대학병원에서 페닐케톤뇨증으로 진찰된 소아 14명을 대상으로 1년간 수유하면서 식이 일기 평가, 혈장 아미노산 분석, 일반혈액검사, ferritin, 간기능검사, 소변검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 14명 모두 잘 먹었으며 신장, 체중, 두위는 모두 정상발육을 보였다. 혈색소는 모두 정상범위였다. 14례중 4례에서 ferritin 치가 12 ng/mL 이하여서 철분체제를 투여하였다. 알부민 치, S-GOT, S-GPT 소변검사는 모두 정상이었다. 페닐알라닌 치는 0.7-15.6 mg/dL로 대부분 정상 범위로 잘 유지되었다. 발진, 설사, 변비 등의 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 국내에서 처음 개발된 PKU-1과 PKU-2 Formula의 발육양상과 치료 결과가 좋은 것으로 확인되어 환자에게 안심하고 사용할 수 있는 우수한 제품으로 사료된다.

• Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2018

Purpose: It is thought that Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is more prevalent and causes more severe pneumonia in school-age children and young adults than in preschool children; however, recent studies suggest that the infection may be underdiagnosed and more severe in preschool children. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and the risk factors of refractory MPP (RMPP) by age. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 353 children admitted due to MPP from January 2015 to December 2016. Demographics, clinical information, laboratory data and radiological findings were collected from all patients in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups by the age of 6 years. Also, both preschool (< 6 years old) and school-age (${\geq}6$ years old) children were divided into RMPP and non-RMPP patients. Results: Total febrile days, febrile days before admission and the duration of macrolide antibiotic therapy were significantly longer in school-age children than in preschool children. School-age children had significantly greater risk of lobar consolidation (P=0.036), pleural effusion (P=0.001) and extrapulmonary complications (P=0.019). Necrotizing pneumonia and bronchiolitis obliterans tended to occur more frequently in preschool children than in school-age children. In both preschool and school-age children, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly higher in RMPP patients than in non-RMPP patients. In preschool children, LDH > 722 IU/L (odds ratio [OR], 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-6.50) and ferritin > 177 ng/mL (OR, 5.38; 95% CI, 1.61-19.49) were significant risk factors for RMPP, while LDH > 645 IU/L (OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.64-10.97) and ferritin > 166 ng/mL (OR, 5.51; 95% CI, 1.59-22.32) were so in school-age children. Conclusion: Clinical features of MPP were significantly different between preschool and school-age children. LDH and ferritin may be significant factors of RMPP in preschool and school-age children.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2006

본 연구는 유기태 철과 효모철의 첨가가 육계의 생산성 및 체조성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 공시동물은 Ross broiler 252수로 7처리 6반복 반복당 6수씩 사양시험을 실시하였다. 처리구는 1) 대조구, 2) YM03 0.1%, 3) YM03 1.0%, 4) YF04 0.1%, 5) YF04 1.0%, 6) 유기태 Fe 0.01% 및 7) 유기태 Fe 0.1%로 총 7처리로 나누어 실시하였다. 증체량은 대조구가 2,087 g으로 낮게 나타났으며, 유기태 Fe 0.01% 첨가구가 2.121 g으로 나타나 대조구보다 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계적인 유의차는 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 사료섭취량은 대조구는 3,797 g으로 낮게 나타났으며, YM03 1.0% 첨가구가 3,827 g으로 높게 나타나 대조구보다 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계적인 유의차는 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 도체 Fe 함량은 대조구가 30.51 mg/dL 로 낮게 나타났으며, YF04 0.1 % 첨가구가 41.58 mg/dL 로 높게 나타나 대조구보다 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계적인 유의차는 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 육계에서 사료내 유기태 철 또는 효모철의 첨가는 도체내 철의 함량을 강화시키고 철분이 강화된 축산물 생산이 가능할 것으로 사료되나 사업화하기 위해서는 추후에 더욱 체계적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2004

Recombinant human ferritin homopolymers (rHF and rLF) were successfully produced in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y2805, which was transformed with human ferritin H or L-chain genes, respectively. In order to characterize the molecular properties of the recombinant ferritins in relation to mineralization, the proteins were isolated and apoferritins were prepared. The apoferritins were reconstituted with 2000 Fe atoms per protein molecule under various experimental conditions (the concentration of the protein, the buffer concentration of the MOPS buffer, the total volume of the reaction and the reconstitution method). The structure and composition of the iron cores formed in the ferritins were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The recombinant ferritins behaved in a similar manner to other mammalian ferritins in accumulating iron in the core. Proteins of rHF and rLF showed varying reconstitution yields of 37-72% depending on the reaction conditions. In general, the rHF showed higher reconstitution yield than the rLF at the protein concentrations and the reaction volumes we examined. Iron cores with a similar mean particle size were obtained in the rHF, rLF and horse spleen ferritin reconstituted at a protein concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Electron diffraction of all the three ferritins showed 2-3 diffuse lines, with d-spacings corresponding to those of the mineral ferrihydrite with a limited crystallinity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of iron of the elderly residing in the Jeonju area. The anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake and biochemical status of iron, were measured for 60 korean elderly(23 elderly men and 37 elderly women aged 60 - 79 years old). The level of hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrint(Hct), serum iron(Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin(Ferritin) were measured and transferrin saturation(TFsaturation) was calculated. Mean values of Hb, Hct, Fe, TIBC, TFsaturation and Ferritin were 14.49$\pm$0.93g/이, 42.47$\pm$2.59%, 125.48$\pm$52,.46$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 338.13$\pm$45.92$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 193.00$\pm$125.03$\mu\textrm{g}$/l in elderly men and 12.82$\pm$0.99$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 37.66$\pm$2.90%, 100.08$\pm$42.82$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 356.41$\pm$54.65$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, and 99.35$\pm$117.22$\mu\textrm{g}$/l in elderly women, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency varied greatly with biochemical indices of iron. It was 13.0% when judged by Fe(60 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) and TFsaturation(15%) whereas 34.78% by Hct(41%) in elderly men. However 13.5% of the elderly women showed iron depletion(Ferritin<20$\mu\textrm{g}$/l) and 43.2% showed suppressed erythropoiesis with iron deficiency(TIBC>360$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl). The anemic subjects assessed with TFsaturation(<15%) represented 13.5% of the elderly women, whereas 18.9% of the subjects possessed less than 12g/dl of Hb. The Hb concentration was positively correlated with Hct(r=0.980, p<0.001), Fe(r=0.384, p<0.01) and TFsaturation(r=0.349, p<0.01). On the other hand, Ferritin concentration showed a significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=0.349, p<0.05) and a positive correlation with TFsaturation(r=0.362, p<0.01). Major food groups of iron intake in the elderly were vegetables, cereals, and fish. The mean daily intake of iron was not significantly different between elderly men and women(12.82mg vs 10.35mg). Intake of heme iron however, was significantly higher(p<0.01) in elderly men(1.03mg) than women(0.42mg). Total absorbable iron caculated by the method of Monsen was 0.55mg, 0.40mg in elderly men and women, respectively and bioavailability of dietary iron 4.29% and 3.87%.