• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to find the predictors and generate a prediction scoring model of nonresponse to intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with Kawasaki disease. Methods: We examined 573 children diagnosed with KD at the Severance Children's Hospital between January 2009 and december 2012. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records. These patients were divided into 2 groups; the experimental group (N=433) and the validation group (N=140). Each group were divided into 2 groups the intravenous immunoglobulin nonresponders and the responders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified predictive factors of intravenous immunoglobulin nonresponders which make predictive scoring model. We practice internal validation and external validation. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified male, cervical lymphadenopathy, changes of the extremities, platelet, total bilirubin, alkaline phophatase, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein as significant predictors for nonresponse to intravenous immunoglobulin. We generated prediction score assigning 1 point for (1) male, (2) cervical lymphadenopathy, (3) changes of the extremities, (4) platelet (${\leq}368,000/mm^3$), (5) total bilirubin (${\geq}0.4mg/dL$), (6) alkaline phophatase (${\geq}227IU/L$), (7) lactate dehydrogenase (${\geq}268IU/L$), (8) C-reactive protein (>77.1 mg/dL). Using a cut-off point of 4 and more with this prediction score, we could identify the intravenous immunoglobulin nonresponder group. Sensitivity and specificity were 52.5% and 82.4% in experimental group and 37.8% and 81.8% in validation group, respectively. Conclusion: Our predictive scoring models had high specificity and low sensitivity in Korean patients. Therefore it is useful in predicting nonresponse to intravenous immunoglobulin with Kawasaki disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.383-393
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the hepatic functional enzyme and catalase activity of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing turmeric meal [basal diet+5% turmeric (BT), basal diet+STZ+5% turmeric (ST)], and control (basal diet, BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). Serum concentrations of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 5% turmeric supplementation diet. The activities of akaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), amylase and lipase were decreased in the BD, BT and ST group than BS group. The catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) in turmeric supplementation diet (BT, ST group) than diabetic group (BS). Furthermore, the activities of amylase and lipase in the sera of turmeric diet group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). In vivo experiments with diabetic rats showed that ingestion of turmeric supplementation diet were effective in creatinine concentration, and hepatic functional enzyme activities.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.467-473
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• 1997

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), one of bioactive amino acid in the mammalian brain, is known to exert inhibitory effects on neurons via GABA receptor. In the present study, we examined effects of taurine on glutamateinduced neurotoxicity on hippocampal neuron cell culture using cell counting method and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. After 10 d of culture, cells were stimulated with appropriate drugs. Only 43% of cultured neuronal cells survived at one day after stimulation with 500 uM L-glutamate for 10 min. Survival rate was enhanced by 82% in the presence of 10 mM taurine. LDH activity from the culture supernatant incubated with a combination of L-glutamate and taurine was less than half of that with L-glutamate alone. In the next series of experiments, interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in cultured astrocytes was investigated using reverse tanscription-PCR (RT-PCR). IL-6 mRNA was detected in the astrocytes stimulated with L-glutamate in a dose-dependent manner, while not detected in the unstimulated control astrocytes. The expression of IL-6 mRNA caused by 10 mM glutamate was inhibited by taurine, but not by GABA. These findings demonstrated a neuroprotective action of taurine against glutamate-induced toxicity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) on the hepatic functional enzyme and catalase activity of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing mung bean meal [basal diet+5% mung bean (BM), basal diet+STZ+5% mung bean (SM)], and control (Basal Diet, BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). Serum concentrations of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 5% mung bean supplementation diet. The activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), akaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase and lipase were decreased in the BD, BM and SM group than BS group. The catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) in mung bean supplementation diet (BM, SM group) than diabetic group (BS). In vivo experiments with diabetic rats showed that ingestion of mung bean supplementation diet were effective in BUN concentration, and hepatic functional enzyme activities.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop a bile-responsive expression system for lactobacilli. The promoters of four genes, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase (mannose-specific), L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), HPr kinase, and D-alanine-D-alanine ligase, respectively, which were highly expressed by bile addition in Lactobacillus johnsonii PF01, were chosen. Each promoter was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and fused upstream of the ${\beta}$-glucuronidase gene as a reporter, respectively. Then, these constructs were cloned into E. coli-Lactobacillus shuttle vector pULP2, which was generated by the fusion of pUC19 with the L. plantarum plasmid pLP27. Finally, the constructed vectors were introduced into L. plantarum for a promoter activity assay. The LDH promoter showed the highest activity and its activity increased 1.8-fold by bile addition. The constructed vector maintained in L. plantarum until 80 generations without selection pressure. A bile-responsive expression vector, $pULP3-P_{LDH}$, for Lactobacillus spp. can be an effective tool for the bile-inducible expression of bioactive proteins in intestine after intake in the form of fermented dairy foods.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.475-483
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• 2019

The purpose this study was to investigate the influences of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) supplementation on enzyme activities such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, lipase and catalase in serum of dyslipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (24 male) were divided into four groups, namely the ND group (normal-nondyslipidemic diet), NT group (normal-nondyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric), DD group (control-dyslipidemic diet), and DT groups (dyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric). Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and uric acid were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by turmeric supplementation diet. The activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, amylase and lipase in sera of turmeric diet group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The catalase activity in serum of turmeric supplementation group was significantly increased than dyslipidemic diet (p<0.05). In vivo experiment with dyslipidemic rats showed that ingestion of turmeric were effective in kidney and hepatic functional enzyme activities. Which suggests that turmeric material could be used for further studies as a potential source for nutraceutical foods.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

This study was done to investigate the effect of vitamin C on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced hepatic injury ul isolated perfused rat liver. Isolated livers from rats fasted 18 hours were subjected to 45 min of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation for 45 min. The perfusion medium used was Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) and 0.5 mmol/L of vitamin C was added to the perfusate. Alanine aminotransferase (ALI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly increased by hypoxia/reoxygenation. These increases were augmented by vitamin C. Glucose output and bile flow were markedly decreased by hypoxia/reoxygenation. Vitamin C aggavated the decrease of glucose output but had little effect on bile flow. Our findings suggest that hypoxia/reoxygenation diminishes hepatic metabolic and secretory functions, and vitamin C significantly aggravates these changes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2005

This study evaluated the hazard caused by $NO_{2}$, an oxidant generated in the process of welding. We com­pared hematological and biochemical parameters in workers who chronically inhale $NO_{2}$ and office workers not exposed to $NO_{2}$. $NO_{2}$ exposure affected the hematological and biochemical parameters. Increasing $NO_{2}$ concen­trationincreased the number of leukocytes, while decreasing the number of erythrocytes. Blood urea nitrogen, cre­atinine, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase were increased, while total protein and triglycerides were decreased. The mean concentration of $NO_{x}(NO_{2}^{-}/NO_{3}^{-})$ in the serum of welders and the control group was $35.97{\pm}2.85\;and\;55.40{\pm}5.81\;{\mu}mol/L,$ respectively. The difference was significant (p < 0.05), although $NO_{2}^{-}$ was not detected in the serum.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2006

Three out of fourteen Microcystis-dominant cyanobacterial blooms in Central India were found to be toxic to mice ($LD_{50}$ ranging from 35-450 mg bloom dry mass/kg body weight). The liver architecture of the treated mice showed characteristic symptoms of hepatotoxicity relative to the untreated controls, with increased enzyme activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). RP-HPLC revealed the presence of microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, and desmethyl microcystin-RR in the given region to maximum amounts of 390, 1,030, and $860{\mu}g/g$ bloom dry weight, respectively, corresponding to a maximum of 2.8 mg/l microcystin-LR in the lake water. Further confirmation of the microcystin variants was conducted using a MALDI-TOF MS analysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 1988

Currently numerous methods are in use for myocardial hypothermia as a myocardial preservation modality for cardiac operation. During cardiac ischemia after crystalloid cardioplegia[4C GIK solution], topical cold saline[Group I, a=9], topical ice slush[Group II, n=9] and topical ice chip[Group III, a=10] have been compared for myocardial surface cooling in the isolated rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass. During postischemic period, hemodynamic functions[aortic flow, coronary flow, peak aortic pressure and heart rate], biochemical enzymatic activities and cellular injuries with electron microscope were evaluated in this isolated rat heart perfusion model. Postischemic aortic flow, cardiac output and peak aortic pressure in Group I and Group II recovered better than Group III.[p< 0.05] Postischemic creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase leakages in Group II and Group III increased more than Group l and postischemic mitochondrial swelling in Group III was more severe than Group I, and Group II.[p< 0.05] These results suggest that topical cold saline was the better method than topical ice slush or topical ice chip as a myocardial preservation modality in the isolated rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass.